In Goodwill v British Pregnancy Advisory Services [1996] 2 All ER 161 the defendant advisory service told X that, following a vasectomy operation, he was permanently infertile. X commenced a relationship with Mrs Goodwill and told her he had had a vasectomy. Subsequently Mrs Goodwill became pregnant and gave birth to a daughter. The Court of Appeal held that a duty was not owed to her by the defendant in respect of the advice given as it was not foreseeable that the advice would be passed on to her and relied upon by her without further independent inquiry. It could not be said that the advisory service assumed responsibility to X’s future sexual partners when giving advice.