Hence the courts had to find some other justification for enforcing half-secret trusts. Their validity was not firmly established until the decision of the House of Lords in Blackwell v Blackwell [1929] AC 318. By codicil, £12,000 was left to five people to be applied ‘for the purposes indicated by me to them’. The terms of the trust were communicated before the codicil was executed. The House of Lords held that the trust was enforceable.