There was good reason to look to Augustine and Aquinas and to their pre- decessors among ancient Greek and Roman writers. The history of emotion in the West and the history of religion in the West have been intertwined for millennia. Religion was de facto queen of the sciences long before it was of- ficially designated “Divinity” and set upon its medieval academic throne. Fol- lowing the Christian recasting of the Greek paideia, philosophy, rhetoric, ethics, natural science the full encyclopedia fell into orbit around religion, and the conventions of religious reasoning were applied to the production of knowledge overall, including the defining of emotion. This was most noticea