In discussing the good society and the good human life in his Republic, Plato divided the human soul into three parts: the reasoning (logistikon), the spirited (thumoeides), and the appetitive (epithume ¯ tikon). The reasoning part is able to love knowledge and wisdom. Ideally, it should govern the entire soul. The appetitive part pursues immediate sensual pleasure and avoids suffering, whereas the intermediate, spirited part is the seat of emotions connected with self-assurance and self-affirmation (Rep. 4.435a–441c; 9.580d–583a)
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