Martha Nussbaum argues that Aristotle was inclined to regard beliefs as necessary and sufficient conditions of emotions, ‘as if the feeling were not even a proper part of the passion’. Referring to Rhet. 1378a19–22, quoted above, she writes that ‘Aristotle defines passions as followed by distress and pleasure’. 64 In EN 2.5, 1105b21–3, there is an analogous formulation using the verb hepesthai, which could be translated as ‘follow’ or ‘accompany’. I think that the verb refers to a conceptual link in these texts. In fact Aristotle explicitly defines many of the emotions discussed in Rhetoric as