In asking whether anger, appetite, and the like should be called passions (pathe ¯ ) or activities (energeiai), Galen explains that a movement can be called an energeia of the mover and a pathos of that which is moved: In the same way anger is an energeia (activity) of the spirited part of the soul but a pathe ¯ ma (affection) of the other two parts, and of our whole body besides, when our body is forcibly driven to its actions by anger. (PHP 6.1.7 (360.27–362.2), trans. De Lacy) Galen thinks that there are natural emotional powers, and that their activities can cause passions (movements coming from some other thing) through affecting the