The psychological dimension of language is in its emotional content—the related images, nuances, and emotion spontaneously associated with words. In rhetoric this is called the connotation of the word. Propagandists often abuse the connotative value of words. Language with a rich psychological dimension is desirable in poetry and other literature, where humor, pathos, grandeur, and sublimity are communicated. In literary composition, one should employ words that are concrete rather than abstract, that are rich in imagery and idiomatic. Synonyms should be used in order to avoid monotony of sound and to convey subtle shades of meaning that vary in both the logical and the psychological dimension. A sensitive awareness of the subtleties of language, particularly in its psychological dimension, enables one to recognize good style in the speech and writing of others and to cultivate good style in one’s own composition, both oral and written. The substance of a given composition may be translated almost perfectly from one language to another in the logical dimension. Translation is seldom satisfactory, however, in the psychological dimension. That is why poet ry in translation is usually less pleasing than in the original.
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