Suppose we have a class

public class Point {
    private final int x;
    private final int y;

    @Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
	if (!(o instanceof Point))
	    return false;
	Point p = (Point)o;
	return p.x == x && p.y == y;
    }
    // Remainder omitted
}

and a subclass

public class ColorPoint extends Point {
    private final Color color;

    @Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
	if (!(o instanceof Point))
	    return false;
	// If o is a normal Point, do a color-blind comparison
	if (!(o instanceof ColorPoint))
	    return o.equals(this);
	// o is a ColorPoint; do a full comparison
	return super.equals(o) && ((ColorPoint)o).color == color;
    }
    // Remainder omitted
}

what are the consequences of implementing equals() method on ColorPoint like above?

Suppose we have a class

public class Point {
    private final int x;
    private final int y;

    @Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
	if (!(o instanceof Point))
	    return false;
	Point p = (Point)o;
	return p.x == x && p.y == y;
    }
    // Remainder omitted
}

and a subclass

public class ColorPoint extends Point {
    private final Color color;

    @Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
	if (!(o instanceof Point))
	    return false;
	// If o is a normal Point, do a color-blind comparison
	if (!(o instanceof ColorPoint))
	    return o.equals(this);
	// o is a ColorPoint; do a full comparison
	return super.equals(o) && ((ColorPoint)o).color == color;
    }
    // Remainder omitted
}

what are the consequences of implementing equals() method on ColorPoint like above?

It violates transitivity, for example:

ColorPoint p1 = new ColorPoint(1, 2, Color.RED);
Point p2 = new Point(1, 2);
ColorPoint p3 = new ColorPoint(1, 2, Color.BLUE);

Now p1.equals(p2) and p2.equals(p3) return true, while p1.equals(p3) returns false, a clear violation of transitivity. The first two comparisons are “color-blind,” while the third takes color into account.