In brief, testing (or practicing retrieval from memory, relative to just rereading the material) boosts learning in various ways: improved mem- ory for the tested information (e.g., Kang, McDermott, & Roediger, 2007), slowed forgetting (e.g., Carpenter, Pashler, Wixted, & Vul, 2008), transfer of learning to new situations (e.g., Butler, 2010), generalization to new examples (e.g., Kang, McDaniel, & Pashler, 2011), potentiated subsequent learning (e.g., Arnold & McDermott, 2013), and augmented learner metacognition (e.g., Soderstrom & Bjork, 2014).