For beam elements, another important note is: the stress due to the tor- sional moment is only true if the “Saint Venant” conditions are achieved, that is to say there is no warping of the section. Which is more and more false as the section differs from a round and closed one to an open one, and/or if the warping is restrained by boundary conditions 1 . The actual stress may then be much higher by a factor which can be ten or more, the problem then cannot strictly be solved by this type of beam analy- sis. This is a classical problem of stress analysis described in many text books. Using solid elements connected to beams can be an alternative, this is described in chapter 14.2 .