Lipodystrophic disorders in general are associ- ated with the metabolic syndrome. Moreover, it is quite common for such patients to present with the metabolic syndrome. Both genetic lipodystrophy (e.g., Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy, Dun- nigan familial partial lipodystrophy) and acquired lipodystrophy (e.g., HIV-related lipodystrophy and in HIV patients receiving certain antiretroviral therapies) may give rise to severe insulin resistance and many of the components of the metabolic syndrome.