#causality #statistics
The main reason for moving from exchangeability (Assumption 2.1) to conditional exchangeability (Assumption 2.2) was that it seemed like a more realistic assumption. However, we often cannot know for certain if conditional exchangeability holds. There may be some unobserved confounders that are not part of 𝑋 , meaning conditional exchangeability is violated. Fortunately, that is not a problem in randomized experiments
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crocodile - (no access) - Introduction_to_Causal_Inference-Nov19_2020-Neal.pdf, p19
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