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#causality #has-images #statistics
This is known as M-bias due to the M shape that this non-causal association flows along when the graph is drawn with children below their parents.
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can still induce collider bias. Consider what would happen if we condition on the collider 𝑍 2 in Figure 4.16. Doing this opens up a backdoor path, along which non-causal association can flow. <span>This is known as M-bias due to the M shape that this non-causal association flows along when the graph is drawn with children below their parents. For many examples of collider bias, see Elwert and Winship [19] <span>
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Open itcan still induce collider bias. Consider what would happen if we condition on the collider 𝑍 2 in Figure 4.16. Doing this opens up a backdoor path, along which non-causal association can flow. <span>This is known as M-bias due to the M shape that this non-causal association flows along when the graph is drawn with children below their parents. For many examples of collider bias, see Elwert and Winship [19] <span>
Original toplevel document (pdf)
owner: crocodile - (no access) - Introduction_to_Causal_Inference-Nov19_2020-Neal.pdf, p52Summary
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