#Surgery
The upper oesophageal sphincter is normally closed at rest and serves as a protective mechanism against regurgita- tion of oesophageal contents into the respiratory passages. It also serves to stop air entering the oesophagus other than the small amount that enters during swallowing
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nerdparty67 - (no access) - McCaskie, A. W._ O'Connell, P. Ronan_ Williams, Norman S - Bailey & Love's Short practice of surgery (2018, CRC Press) - libgen.li.pdf, p1088
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