根轨迹的起始角与终止角:根轨迹离开开环复数极点处的切线与正实轴的夹角,称为起始角,以\(\theta_{p_i}\)标志;根轨迹进人开环复数零点处的切线与正实轴的夹角,称为终止角,以\(\varphi_{z_i}\)表示。这些角度可按如下关系式求出:
\(\begin{aligned}& \theta_{p_i}=(2 k+1) \pi+\left(\sum_{j=1}^m \varphi_{z_j p_i}-\sum_{\substack{j=1 \\j \neq i}}^n \theta_{p_j p_i}\right) ; \quad k=0, \pm 1, \pm 2, \cdots \\& \varphi_{z_i}=(2 k+1) \pi-\left(\sum_{\substack{j=1 \\j \neq i}}^m \varphi_{z_j z_i}-\sum_{j=1}^n \theta_{p_j z_i}\right) ; \quad k=0, \pm 1, \pm 2, \cdots\end{aligned}\)
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