Craftsmen, architects, sculptors, gymnasts, poets had taken raw material and con- verted it into finished forms marked by symmetry and pro- portion jthey accomplished this task without the prior dis- integrative reduction which characterizes modern making in the factory. Greek thinkers performed alike task for nature as awhole. Instead, however, of employing the material tools of the crafts, they depended upon thought alone. They bor- rowed the form provided them in Greek art in abstraction from its material appliances. They aimed at constructing out of nature, as observed, an artistic whole for the eye of the soul to behold. Thus for science nature was acosmos. It was com- posed, but it was not acomposite of elements. That is, it was a qualitative whole, awhole as is adrama, astatue or atemple, in virtue of apervading and dominant qualitative unity jit was not an aggregate of homogenous units externally arranged in different modes. Design was the form and pattern in- trinsically characteristic of things in their fixed kinds, not some- thing first formed in adesigning mind and then imposed from without.