The distinction once made between theory and practice has meaning as adistinction between two kinds of action: blind and intelligent. Intelligence is aquality of some acts, those which are directed} and directed action is an achievement not an original endowment. The history of human progress is the story of the transformation of acts which, like the interactions of inanimate things, take place unknowingly to actions qualified by understanding of what they are about} from actions con- trolled by external conditions to actions having guidance through their intent: their insight into their own conse- quences. Instruction, information, knowledge, is the only way in which this property of intelligence comes to qualify acts originally blind