First, to stop biodiversity loss and to equitably limit global warming to 1.5 ◦C without relying on highly contested assumptions about future technologies, affluent coun- tries need to reduce their production and consumption, on top of other environmental policies

- What future technologies are being referred to here and how are they contested?

- How do biodiversity loss and limiting global warming relate to each other?

- What alternatives are there to reducing production and consumption (e.g., efficiencies, shifting production and consumption rather than reducint them).

- How do you avoid simply shifting greenhouse gas emitting production from affluent countries to less wealthy nations?