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Flashcard 149626698

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

A class or interface whose declaration has one or more [...]is a generic class or interface.

Answer

(formal) type parameters

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A class or interface whose declaration has one or more type parameters is a generic class or interface.

Flashcard 149626705

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

A class or interface whose declaration has one or more type parameters is a [...]class or interface.

Answer

generic

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A class or interface whose declaration has one or more type parameters is a generic class or interface.

Flashcard 149626721

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Generic classes and interfaces are collectively known as [...].

Answer

generic types

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Flashcard 149626737

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Each generic type defines a set of [...], which consist of the class or interface name followed by an angle-bracketed list of actual type parameters corresponding to the generic type’s formal type parameters.

Answer

parameterized types

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Each generic type defines a set of parameterized types, which consist of the class or interface name followed by an angle-bracketed list of actual type parameters corresponding to the generic type’s formal type parameters.</bo

Flashcard 149626744

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Each generic type defines a set of parameterized types, which consist of the class or interface name followed by an angle-bracketed list of [...].

Answer

actual type parameters (corresponding to the generic type’s formal type parameters)

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Flashcard 149626764

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Each generic type defines a [...], which is the name of the generic type used without any accompanying actual type parameters

Answer

raw type

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Each generic type defines a raw type, which is the name of the generic type used without any accompanying actual type parameters

Flashcard 149626771

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Each generic type defines a raw type, which is the

Answer

name of the generic type used without any accompanying actual type parameters

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Each generic type defines a raw type, which is the name of the generic type used without any accompanying actual type parameters

Flashcard 149626778

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

What element can you put into Collection<?> ?

Answer

only null

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Flashcard 149626789

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

How can you use generics in class literals, e.g. XX.class or (y instanceof XX) ?

Answer

You can't. For example List<String>.class is illegal. You have to use raw types.

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Flashcard 149626809

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Term	Example
[...]	List<String>
Actual type parameter	String
Generic type	List<E>
Formal type parameter	E
Unbounded wildcard type	List<?>
Raw type	List
Bounded type parameter	<E extends Number>
Recursive type bound	<T extends Comparable<T>>
Bounded wildcard type	List<? extends Number>
Generic method static	<E> List<E> asList(E[] a)
Type token	String.class

Answer

Parameterized type

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generics terms quick reference
TermExampleParameterized typeListActual type parameterStringGeneric typeListFormal type parameterEUnbounded wildcard typeListRaw typeListBounded type parameterRecursive type bound>Bounded wildcard typeListGeneric

Flashcard 149626816

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Term	Example
Parameterized type	List<String>
[...]	String
Generic type	List<E>
Formal type parameter	E
Unbounded wildcard type	List<?>
Raw type	List
Bounded type parameter	<E extends Number>
Recursive type bound	<T extends Comparable<T>>
Bounded wildcard type	List<? extends Number>
Generic method static	<E> List<E> asList(E[] a)
Type token	String.class

Answer

Actual type parameter

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Flashcard 149626823

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Term	Example
Parameterized type	List<String>
Actual type parameter	String
[...]	List<E>
Formal type parameter	E
Unbounded wildcard type	List<?>
Raw type	List
Bounded type parameter	<E extends Number>
Recursive type bound	<T extends Comparable<T>>
Bounded wildcard type	List<? extends Number>
Generic method static	<E> List<E> asList(E[] a)
Type token	String.class

Answer

Generic type

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Flashcard 149626830

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Term	Example
Parameterized type	List<String>
Actual type parameter	String
Generic type	List<E>
[...]	E
Unbounded wildcard type	List<?>
Raw type	List
Bounded type parameter	<E extends Number>
Recursive type bound	<T extends Comparable<T>>
Bounded wildcard type	List<? extends Number>
Generic method static	<E> List<E> asList(E[] a)
Type token	String.class

Answer

Formal type parameter

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Flashcard 149626837

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Term	Example
Parameterized type	List<String>
Actual type parameter	String
Generic type	List<E>
Formal type parameter	E
[...]	List<?>
Raw type	List
Bounded type parameter	<E extends Number>
Recursive type bound	<T extends Comparable<T>>
Bounded wildcard type	List<? extends Number>
Generic method static	<E> List<E> asList(E[] a)
Type token	String.class

Answer

Unbounded wildcard type

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Flashcard 149626844

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Term	Example
Parameterized type	List<String>
Actual type parameter	String
Generic type	List<E>
Formal type parameter	E
Unbounded wildcard type	List<?>
[...]	List
Bounded type parameter	<E extends Number>
Recursive type bound	<T extends Comparable<T>>
Bounded wildcard type	List<? extends Number>
Generic method static	<E> List<E> asList(E[] a)
Type token	String.class

Answer

Raw type

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Flashcard 149626851

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Term	Example
Parameterized type	List<String>
Actual type parameter	String
Generic type	List<E>
Formal type parameter	E
Unbounded wildcard type	List<?>
Raw type	List
[...]	<E extends Number>
Recursive type bound	<T extends Comparable<T>>
Bounded wildcard type	List<? extends Number>
Generic method static	<E> List<E> asList(E[] a)
Type token	String.class

Answer

Bounded type parameter

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Flashcard 149626858

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Term	Example
Parameterized type	List<String>
Actual type parameter	String
Generic type	List<E>
Formal type parameter	E
Unbounded wildcard type	List<?>
Raw type	List
Bounded type parameter	<E extends Number>
[...]	<T extends Comparable<T>>
Bounded wildcard type	List<? extends Number>
Generic method static	<E> List<E> asList(E[] a)
Type token	String.class

Answer

Recursive type bound

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Flashcard 149626865

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Term	Example
Parameterized type	List<String>
Actual type parameter	String
Generic type	List<E>
Formal type parameter	E
Unbounded wildcard type	List<?>
Raw type	List
Bounded type parameter	<E extends Number>
Recursive type bound	<T extends Comparable<T>>
[...]	List<? extends Number>
Generic method static	<E> List<E> asList(E[] a)
Type token	String.class

Answer

Bounded wildcard type

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Flashcard 149626872

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Term	Example
Parameterized type	List<String>
Actual type parameter	String
Generic type	List<E>
Formal type parameter	E
Unbounded wildcard type	List<?>
Raw type	List
Bounded type parameter	<E extends Number>
Recursive type bound	<T extends Comparable<T>>
Bounded wildcard type	List<? extends Number>
[...]	<E> List<E> asList(E[] a)
Type token	String.class

Answer

Generic method static

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generics terms quick reference
tml>TermExampleParameterized typeListActual type parameterStringGeneric typeListFormal type parameterEUnbounded wildcard typeListRaw typeListBounded type parameterRecursive type bound>Bounded wildcard typeListGeneric method static List asList(E[] a)Type tokenString.class<html>

Flashcard 149626879

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Term	Example
Parameterized type	List<String>
Actual type parameter	String
Generic type	List<E>
Formal type parameter	E
Unbounded wildcard type	List<?>
Raw type	List
Bounded type parameter	<E extends Number>
Recursive type bound	<T extends Comparable<T>>
Bounded wildcard type	List<? extends Number>
Generic method static	<E> List<E> asList(E[] a)
[...]	String.class

Answer

Type token

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generics terms quick reference
xampleParameterized typeListActual type parameterStringGeneric typeListFormal type parameterEUnbounded wildcard typeListRaw typeListBounded type parameterRecursive type bound>Bounded wildcard typeListGeneric method static List asList(E[] a)<span>Type tokenString.class<span><body><html>

Flashcard 149626886

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

How to cast raw type Set to typesafe Set using generics?


if (o instanceof Set) { // Raw type
  // here
}

Answer

Use unbounded wildcard type:


if (o instanceof Set) { // Raw type
  Set<?> m = (Set<?>) o; // Wildcard type
  // rest of the code
}

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Flashcard 149627007

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

What is the name of the property of arrays that allow us to cast Long[] to Object[], like here?


// Fails at runtime!
Object[] objectArray = new Long[1];
objectArray[0] = "I don't fit in"; // Throws ArrayStoreException

Answer

arrays are covariant

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Flashcard 149627018

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

What is the name of the property of parametrized List that causes compilation error (unlike in arrays)?


// Won't compile!
List<Object> ol = new ArrayList<Long>(); // Incompatible types
ol.add("I don't fit in");

Answer

generics are invariant

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Flashcard 149627046

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Generics are implemented by [...]. This means that they enforce their type constraints only at compile time and [...] their element type information at runtime. By contrast, array types are reified, so they can enforce their type at runtime (e.g. if you try to store a String into an array of Long, you’ll get an ArrayStoreException).

Answer

erasure / discard (or erase)

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Flashcard 149627057

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Generics are implemented by erasure. This means that they enforce their type constraints only at compile time and discard (or erase) their element type information at runtime. By contrast, array types are [...], so they can enforce their type at runtime (e.g. if you try to store a String into an array of Long, you’ll get an ArrayStoreException).

Answer

reified

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Generics are implemented by erasure. This means that they enforce their type constraints only at compile time and discard (or erase) their element type information at runtime. By contrast, array types are reified, so they can enforce their type at runtime (e.g. if you try to store a String into an array of Long, you’ll get an ArrayStoreException).

Flashcard 149627064

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Is it legal to create an array of generic type, e.g. new List<E>[] ?

Answer

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Flashcard 149627082

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Is it legal to create array of a parametrized type new List<String>[] ?

Answer

No.

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Flashcard 149627093

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Is it legal to create array of a type parameter new E[] ?

Answer

No.

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Flashcard 149627104

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Give an example how type safety could be compromised if it was legal to create arrays of parametrized types (but it is not legal).

Answer

You could create an array of lists of strings:
List<String>[] stringLists = new List<String>[1]; // this part is not legal and wouldn't compile
Because arrays are covariant, you can store the array into a variable of Object[] type and then store an element of type List<Integer> (or really List<anything>) as an element of the original array without causing ArrayStoreException because at runtime List<String> and List<Integer> are simply lists
So, we are in trouble - List<Integer> is stored where the compiler thought it was List<String>

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Flashcard 149627115

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Types such as E, List<E>, and List<String> are technically known as nonreifiable types. Intuitively speaking, a non-reifiable type is one whose [...]

Answer

runtime representation contains less information than its compile-time representation.

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Flashcard 149627126

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

The only parameterized types that are reifiable are [...]. It is legal, though infrequently useful, to create arrays of such types.

Answer

unbounded wildcard types such as List<?> and Map<?,?>

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Flashcard 149627141

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

For generic methods, the type parameter list, which declares the type parameter, goes [...].

Answer

between the method’s modifiers and its return type

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Flashcard 149627152

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question


public interface Comparable<T> {
   int compareTo(T o);
}

The type bound <T extends Comparable<T>> may be read as [...]

Answer

for every type T that can be compared to itself (mutual comparability)

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Flashcard 149627167

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question


// Wildcard type for parameter that serves as an E producer - produces Es onto a Stack from external Iterable
public void pushAll(Iterable<...> src) {
  for (E e : src)
    push(e);
}

what kind of bounded wildcard do we need here for Iterable (producer)?

Answer

Iterable<? extends E>

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Flashcard 149627180

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question


// Wildcard type for parameter that serves as an E consumer - it consumes from the Stack to external collection
public void popAll(Collection<...> dst) {
  while (!isEmpty())
    dst.add(pop());
}

what kind of bounded wildcard do we need here for Collection (consumer)?

Answer

Collection<? super E>

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Flashcard 149627375

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

What does PECS mnemonic stand for?

Answer

producers extend, consumers super - it is about wildcard types

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Flashcard 149627386

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Which is a better version?


public static <E> Set<E> union(Set<? extends E> input1, Set<? extends E> input2)  { /* .. */ }

public static <E> Set<? super E> union(Set<? extends E> input1, Set<? extends E> input2) { /* .. */ }

Answer

The first one is better. Do not use wildcard types as return types. Rather than providing additional flexibility for your users, it would force them to use wildcard types in client code.


public static <E> Set<E> union(Set<? extends E> input1, Set<? extends E> input2)  { /* .. */ }

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Flashcard 149627401

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

If type inference does not work, like here:


public static <E> Set<E> union(Set<? extends E> s1, Set<? extends E> s2) { /* ... */ }

Set<Integer> integers = ... ;
Set<Double> doubles = ... ;
Set<Number> numbers = Union.union(integers, doubles); // does not compile

How can you make the program compile?

Answer

Use explicit type parameter:


Set<Number> numbers = Union.<Number>union(integers, doubles);

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Flashcard 149627412

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

How would you fix the declaration using PECS rule?
public static <T extends Comparable<T>> T max(List<T> list)

Answer

public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(List<? extends T> list)

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Flashcard 149627423

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Comparables are always consumers, so you should always use [...] in preference to Comparable<T>.

Answer

Comparable<? super T>

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Flashcard 149627434

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Why would List<ScheduledFuture<?>> be rejected by a method:
public static <T extends Comparable<T>> T max(List<T> list)
but accepted (as intended) by this:
public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(List<? extends T> list)
?

Answer

java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture does not implement Comparable<ScheduledFuture>. Instead, it is a subinterface of Delayed, which extends Comparable<Delayed>. In other words, a ScheduledFuture instance isn’t merely comparable to other ScheduledFuture instances; it’s comparable to any Delayed instance, so we have to say Comparable<? super T>. Delayed is super of ScheduledFuture. It seems that the second part, List<? extends T> as a producer does not make any difference.

basically:
ScheduledFuture extends Comparable<Delayed>
where Delayed is super of ScheduledFuture

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Flashcard 149627445

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

a static method to swap two indexed items in a list:
public static <E> void swap(List<E> list, int i, int j);

How would you write it with a wildcard?

Answer

public static void swap(List<?> list, int i, int j);

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Flashcard 149627456

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

a static method to swap two indexed items in a list:
public static void swap(List<?> list, int i, int j);

How would you write it with a type parameter?

Answer

public static <E> void swap(List<E> list, int i, int j);

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Article 149627467

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics #p139

There is a duality between type parameters and wildcards, and many methods can be declared using one or the other.

Flashcard 149627476

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#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

There is a duality between [...]and wildcards, and many methods can be declared using one or the other.

Answer

type parameters

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There is a duality between type parameters and wildcards, and many methods can be declared using one or the other.

Flashcard 149627483

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

There is a duality between type parameters and [...], and many methods can be declared using one or the other.

Answer

wildcards

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Open it
There is a duality between type parameters and wildcards, and many methods can be declared using one or the other.

Flashcard 149627490

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

When a class literal is passed among methods to communicate both compile-time and runtime type information, it is called a [...]

Answer

type token

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

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Flashcard 149627501

Tags

#bloch-effective-java-2ed #java #java-generics

Question

Class was generified in release 1.5. The type of a class literal is no longer simply Class, but [...], for example object String.class is of type [...]

Answer

Class<T>, Class<String>

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

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Edited, memorised or added to reading queue

on 03-Aug-2014 (Sun)

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