on 13-Apr-2016 (Wed)

Question

Who and where wrote: " In general, when subjects comply with their instructions
in an experiment, this is seen as unproblematic evidence that they have been able
to comply with the instructions because they have consciously experienced
the relevant stimulus events. That's why the following preparatory instruction would
be viewed nonsensical:

Whenever you are conscious of the light going on, press the button on the left;
whenever the light goes on but you are not conscious of it going on,
press the button on the right.

How on earth could a subject comply with this? You would be asking the subject
to do the impossible: to condition his behavior on occurrences that are inaccessible
to him. It would be like saying "raise your hand whenever someone winks at you
without your knowing it."
An experimenter wouldn't feel the need to insert the adverb "consciously," as in

Whenever you consciously hear a tone, make a guess

since the standard assumption is that one can't condition one's policies on
unconscious experiments, even if such things occur. To adopt the policy

Whenever x happens, do y

you have to be able to be conscious of x happening."?

Answer

Daniel Dennett in Consciousness Explained

Question

Who and where wrote:
"An automated elevator is certainly not conscious, and detects nothing consciously,
and hence has no conscious policies. It can be said, hovever, to adhere to policies
that hinge on various states of the world that it detects, and even to adjust the
policies it adheres to on the basis of other states of affairs it detects, and so forth.
It can have policies, meta-policies, and meta-meta-policies, all hinging on various
complicated combinations of detected states of affairs - and all without a hint of
consciousness. Whatever an elevator can do in the way of detection and policy-following,
a human brain and body can surely do as well. It can follow elaborate unconscious elevator-type policies."?

Answer

Daniel Dennett in Consciousness Explained

Question

What are Freud's psychical systems?

Answer

The Unconscious (Usc)
The Preconscious (Pcs)
The Conscious (Cs)

Question

Which of Freud's psychical systems belong to 1st phase?

Answer

The Unconscious

Question

Which of Freud's psychical systems belong to 2nd phase?

Answer

The Preconscious and
The Conscious

Question

What makes impossible to progress from 1st to 2nd phase, according to Freud?

Answer

Rejection by the censorship.

Question

No progression from 1st to 2nd phase, according to Freud, is equal to what?

Answer

Repression

Question

According to Freud, what belongs to preconscious system can progress to conscious system without what?

Answer

Resistance

Question

Key mechanism in Freud's transitions from unconscious to preconscious to conscious relies on what?

Answer

Overcoming censorship.

Question

Dlaczego Witold Gombrowicz w Kosmosie w taki opisuje swoją analizę:
"Wszelka możliwość świństwa ulotniła się z oświetlanych rzeczy,
natomiast samo oświetlanie stało się świńskie - macanie, węszenie, przybrało samobójczy charakter
- my dwaj w tym pokoju, jak dwie lubieżne małpy."?

Answer

Ponieważ cenił sobie intymność.