on 20-Oct-2016 (Thu)

individual is any physical being that exists.

Essence is that which makes a being what it is and without which it would not be the kind of being it is. Essence is that in an individual which makes it like others in its class,9 whereas its individuality is that which makes it different from others in its class.

A genus is a wider class made up of two or more different species that have in common the same generic essence or nature.

Useful Figure CORRECTIO: Interrupts a sentence to amend it. Use it to amplify a point: “He bucked up a nation–no, the world.

Useful Figure ALLITERATION: Beginning consecutive words with the same sounds. This makes a great way to join or separate ideas. Note how the S-words here combine surgeons and saints, distinguishing them from the virtuous leader. While surgeons can save lives, and saints can save souls, the virtuous leader leads the masses and changes history.

Argument Tool CODE INOCULATION: List the code words that appeal to you so you can be conscious when a persuader uses them

IRONY: Bond with people by speaking a hidden language. A kind of reverse password, it welcomes every member of the audience that “gets it.” Irony is at its best when some people don’t get it. When you do use irony, it works for the audience you intend

Code grooming. Use language unique to the group, and as long as you don’t apply it indecorously, you’ll get in tight with your audience. • Logic-free values. Perfectly rational speech can not only be a turn-off for some audiences but actually distract them from a values message. This is one reason why Aristotle said that logos works better in an intimate setting than in front of a large crowd. Focus on the individual values words to bring a group together and get it to identify with you.

OPPONENT: Your department is failing to meet its goals. WRONG ANSWER: It’s not really failing. Words such as “failing” and “fat” generally do not make good code words. “Breaking records” and “thin” do.

Code language determines who’s in and who’s out of our personal Venn circles.

-Blame = Past

-Values = Present

-Choice = Future

Aristotle liked the future best of all.

The rhetoric of the present handles praise and condemnation, separating the good from the bad, distinguishing groups from other groups and individuals from each other.

The income statement presents information on the financial results of a company’s business activities over a period of time. The income statement communicates how much revenue the company generated during a period and what costs it incurred in connection with generating that revenue. The basic equation underlying the income statement, ignoring gains and losses, is Revenue minus Expenses equals Net income.

Under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the income statement may be presented as a separate statement followed by a statement of comprehensive income that begins with the profit or loss from the income statement or as a section of a single statement of comprehensive income.1 US generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP) permit the same alternative presentation formats.2

Investment analysts intensely scrutinize companies’ income statements.3 Equity analysts are interested in them because equity markets often reward relatively high- or low-earnings growth companies with above-average or below-average valuations, respectively, and because inputs into valuation models often include estimates of earnings. Fixed-income analysts examine the components of income statements, past and projected, for information on companies’ abilities to make promised payments on their debt over the course of the business cycle. Corporate financial announcements frequently emphasize information reported in income statements, particularly earnings, more than information reported in the other financial statements.