on 17-Feb-2018 (Sat)

the City of Boston determined that the Fish Pier would be the next revitalization zone and renamed the area the Seaport District. Today, you’ll still see the fish piers, but most of the warehouses have been replaced by hotels, restaurants, the federal courthouse, a new museum, and the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center. A once-specialized part of the city is now alive with many forms of commerce.

Revitalization areas are great places for investors like you and me to make a lot of money.

To find out where the revitalization areas are in your target city, call the chamber of commerce or the economic development committee in that area. Ask them for a copy of the Master Plan. Almost all cities have a master plan that outlines where the city is focusing its resources.

To determine whether the city is actually following the master plan, ride by the areas that are targeted for focus and see if any progress is being made. If so, then great. If not, look elsewhere.

A city is the same as a property: During the mature phase, as long as the city keeps maintaining the infrastructure, the area will stay in the mature phase. The quality of life holds steady, citizens are ac- tive in the community, and the infrastructure meets the needs of the citizens.

Financial statement notes (footnotes) provide information about matters such as the company's accounting methods and assumptions, contingencies, and acquisitions and disposals. Footnotes to the financial statements are audited.

An analyst should use disclosures to evaluate:

1. What policies are discussed

2. Whether they cover all the relevant data in the financial statements

3. Which policies required management to make estimates, and

4. Whether the disclosures have changed since the prior period. Management shareholdings can be found in SEC filings.

Financial statement notes (footnotes) provide information about matters such as the company's accounting methods and assumptions, contingencies, and acquisitions and disposals. Footnotes to the financial statements are audited.

What can a user do?
A user can place requests to web services such as Amazon S3 and Amazon EC2. A user's ability to access web service APIs is under the control and responsibility of the AWS account under which it is defined. You can permit a user to access any or all of the AWS services that have been integrated with IAM and to which the AWS account has subscribed. If permitted, a user has access to all of the resources under the AWS account. In addition, if the AWS account has access to resources from a different AWS account, its users may be able to access data under those AWS accounts. Any AWS resources created by a user are under control of and paid for by its AWS account. A user cannot independently subscribe to AWS services or control resources.

What is a group?
A group is a collection of IAM users.

A decrease in an asset account should be balanced by a decrease in either liability or equity; a decrease in expense increases the net income and then equity. So an decrease in asset account should be balanced by increase in expense.

Can I structure a collection of users in a hierarchical way, such as in LDAP?
Yes.

Accruals accounting requires that an accounting entry should be entered when the earliest event occurs ( i.e. paying or receiving cash, providing a good or service, or incurring an expense). One or more offsetting entries will be required once the exchange of goods or delivery of services is completed.

我知道大过年的说这个不好，可是我也就这时候能有点时间，希望大家可以原谅我。

这段时间看到了那篇《流感下的北京中年》，深感惭愧，之前我也有把自己这段经历写下来的打算，可是最终都没有付诸实施。因为那篇文章作者毕竟不懂医疗，虽然已经做得很好了，但是也犯了不少错误，医学上有一句很有趣但也很残酷的话：你错了，病人就死给你看。希望通过这篇文章，能在以后遇到类似情况的时候能少犯一些错误而不至于耽误了亲人。

数年前，我刚到国外，脚跟都还没站稳，家里就打电话说爸爸不行了，当时我觉得不会有那么大事，就安排了他住某市某医院，嗯，是我学校的附属医院。当时的情况大概就是呼吸困难，心动过速，低热，这症状持续了一个多月，越来越严重。但是CT照下来，老同学发给我看，我基本就傻了，我还记得当时我脑袋里一片空白，一边肺90%都是白的，另一边也超过了50%。而且肺底那个严重的影像我都没怎么见到过。我就记得当时同学跟我说你还是快点回来吧。我当时就定了当天的机票怀着到现在都不知道如何描述的心情飞回来了。

到了某市，可能因为自己本身职业的关系，还是很平静的。当时医生可以说很重视，给了监护病房，而且完善了各种检查和培养之后直接上了泰能等高级抗细菌真菌药物，基本是医院力所能及的最强的抗感染治疗方案了。而且也做了病例讨论。后来比较重要的结果记得就是有一个重度肺动脉高压。可惜很不幸，住院5天后，症状却一直在加重，从病重通知签到危重通知，医生也跟我们打招呼，人可能随时就没了。母亲当时非常激动，经常跟医护起冲突，嗯嗯，对我在学校里的形象确实有造成不良好的影响。对治疗没有一点好处。千万不要这样。然后我同学有一天悄悄找我说，你还是转院吧，老爸这个情况比较严重，我们医院呼吸科不够强。他说的是事实情况，那么对于我来说面临的问题就是去哪个医院，当时有两个选择，第一个是呼吸科全国最强的，可是没什么关系，虽然也可以弄到床，但是很可能要等，另外一个是有点关系，可以马上弄到床，综合实力也还很不错。后来决断是时间就是生命，当天就转了某医院。转进去以后第二天转进呼吸科ICU（RICU），住进去5天的样子，还是没有好转，继续加重，签了呼吸机使用同意书。同时呼吸科让我自己跑病理科把纤支镜的病理切片借出到呼吸科最强的某医院会诊。当时检查结果也基本都出来了，医生们争论的焦点主要集中于到底是大叶性肺炎为主还是间质性肺炎为主。因为两者证据都有。最后把呼吸科大主任也请来了，大呼吸科会诊，我记得从查完房10点多的样子，一直讨论到过了饭点12点多，最后决定大包围抗感染（广谱抗细菌真菌）加用激素。然后又是签字。因为没有有效抗感染的情况下用激素，如果真的是感染，后果很严重。我记得加用激素几天后父亲的症状及自我感觉没有继续加重，但是也没有好转，可是胸片显示感染面积在继续加重，一边肺只剩肺尖一点点，另一边也超过70%了。从鼻导管吸氧也改到了面罩给氧，可惜父亲面罩给氧配合的很不好，老是对抗，最后也就是最严重没什么意识的那个晚上用了一晚上。

当时每天只能一个家属进去探视十几分钟，头几天父亲还能挣扎着说几句，后几天父亲都不怎么能说话了，有时候就只是看着我，连话都说不了。有时候只是我跟他解释他的病情的时候，他就会用那种很强烈的带着求生本能的眼神盯着我看，想说话沙沙几声也说不清楚，要挣扎几次我才能勉强明白。这里要说一个小插曲，当时从住院开始每天都取痰培养，一开始我爸就是随便吐一口痰拿去培养，或者有时候都吐到垃圾桶里了，然后才想起来有培养这么一回事，又捡回来拿去培养。培养结果全部都是阴性的或者是杂菌，就是培养不出细菌或者真菌。后来我发现了，我就跟我爸说你最好就是早晨睡醒第一口痰拿去培养，因为不论是医生还是护士都不会告知具体方法，这里也确实要说一下国内医生护士实在太忙，一些重要细节的宣教非常不到位。当然，当时每天也有抽血培养，结果也都是没有什么意义。

最后的转机时是在某一天抽的血培养里面查到了一种细菌，大概是第五天的标本里的（培养出结果大概是3-5天），是一种超级耐药菌，溶血性葡萄球菌，当时全世界只有2种抗生素对其有效，其它全部耐药。一种就是那篇文章提到的万古霉素，这个国产版本是医保覆盖的，另外一种是达托霉素，这种不论国产还是进口都是自费。然后又让我们选，然后我就问医生，我说哪种效果最好，然后回答说当时是进口达托最好。这个选择的重要性在于，如果选择的抗生素由于药效不够强，在把细菌完全杀死之前细菌产生了耐药，那么就没有可以使用的药物来杀灭这种细菌了。当时达托霉素这个药医院还没有，要去指定药房买，后来用到一半，指定药房都没有货了，又是到处找人，最后跑去另外一家某著名医院的指定药房买。达托霉素总共用了大约2周。我记得用到第三天的时候，父亲的呼吸频率就明显下降了，各种感觉都有好转了，能跟我们交流了。最后在RICU住了1个月直接从RICU出的院，回到家里最后休想了差不多2年才缓过来。

很多时候，对于急危重症，生死就是在一线之间，任何一个小的错误或是迟疑，都降低了病人那仅存的那么一点点的生还几率。我真的觉得现在医疗制度是有问题的，包括国外也是这样。因为绝大多数的家属包括我自己在内，没有足够的知识背景去做医疗决定，甚或都理解不了，无法真正做到的知情。我当时的处理办法基本就是算经济，我认为负担得起的当下就答应，不确定的马上询问母亲看有没有别的办法弄到些钱，然后马上回应。当然这个前提条件是我信任他们。所以当时医生跟我交流的时候我绝大多数时候都是当下马上答复照办，他们就马上出医嘱，可以说一秒钟都没耽误，虽然我也是从医的，可是呼吸科的水平我估计连他们一个实习医生都比不上，我都是签字以后再查资料，而不是查资料以后再去签字，尽量争取时间。而且他们提出的各种要求，比如去指定药房买药，拿标本去外院会诊，都是上午说了下午就办完了。他们提出了所有治疗方案，我们没有一个是迟疑或是当场拒绝的。我记得当时管床医生请各大主任会诊我父亲的时候都会加上一句儿子很配合。其实在国外也是一样，医生之间的信件会提及患者的依从程度。现在的医疗环境，家属的配合实际上给了医生一个放手一搏的机会，同时也是给了自己一个机会。但是话说回来，如果没有那个血培养结果，激素的应用势必会让感染严重加重，父亲的生命可能就无法挽回了。当时培养从住我校某附属医院就开始，一直培养到有结果，前前后后加起来10多天，一天都没有落下的。

可惜在《流感下的北京中年》一文中，可以发现作者不止一次的错过治疗时机和打乱治疗节奏。虽然我真心认为作者已经比绝大多数的患者家属要配合治疗的好非常多了。这些具体内容我在其他文章都有看到我就不在此重复了。我觉得一线城市三甲医院或是全国百佳医院这一级别的医生，我们普通老百姓基本上没有什么怀疑的资格，尤其是在急危重症方面。你能选择的只是信任与不信任，配合与不配合。用人不疑，疑人不用，不要一边用一边怀疑，最后失去了挽救一条生命的机会。

Both strong and weak extrema of functionals are for a space of continuous functions but weak extrema have the additional requirement that the first derivatives of the functions in the space be continuous. Thus a strong extremum is also a weak extremum, but the converse may not hold. Finding strong extrema is more difficult than finding weak extrema.^[12] An example of a necessary condition that is used for finding weak extrema is the Euler–Lagrange equation

Functionals are often expressed as definite integrals involving functions and their derivatives.

In mathematics, a linear differential equation is a differential equation that is defined by a linear polynomial in the unknown function and its derivatives

ODEs that are linear differential equations have exact closed-form solutions that can be added and multiplied by coefficients.

exact and analytic solutions of nonlinear ODEs are usually in series or integral form.

A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other.

In mathematics, a Taylor series is a representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms that are calculated from the values of the function's derivatives at a single point.

A vector space over a field F is a set V together with two operations (the vector addition and scalar multiplication) that satisfy certain axioms.

Elements of V are commonly called vectors. Elements of F are commonly called scalars.

Given any vector space V over a field F, the (algebraic) dual space V^∗ is defined as the set of all linear maps φ: V → F

The best known fields are the field of rational numbers and the field of real numbers.

A vector space over a field F is a set V together with two operations (the vector addition and scalar multiplication) that satisfy certain axioms.

a linear map is operation preserving: it does not matter whether you apply the linear map before or after the operations of addition and scalar multiplication.

Weak formulations are important tools for the analysis of mathematical equations that permit the transfer of concepts of linear algebra to solve problems in other fields such as partial differential equations. In a weak formulation, an equation is no longer required to hold absolutely (and this is not even well defined) and has instead weak solutions only with respect to certain "test vectors" or "test functions".

Weak formulations transfer concepts of linear algebra to solve problems in other fields such as partial differential equations.

Accordingly, the necessary condition of extremum (functional derivative equal zero) appears in a weak formulation (variational form) integrated with an arbitrary function δf . The fundamental lemma of the calculus of variations is typically used to transform this weak formulation into the strong formulation (differential equation), free of the integration with arbitrary function.

If a continuous function on an open interval satisfies the equality for all compactly supported smooth functions on , then is identically zero.

the necessary condition of extremum is functional derivative equal zero.
the weak formulation of the necessary condition of extremum is an integral with an arbitrary function δf .

The fundamental lemma of the calculus of variations transforms this weak formulation of the necessary condition of extremum into the strong formulation, free of the integration with arbitrary function.

central business district (also known as CBD)

as the years go by, the CBD will grow larger, and more residential properties are built around the CBD.

Sometimes CBDs become antiquated and the real action starts to happen near giant regional malls or lots of small shopping centers (known as strip malls, because the stores are all lined up in a strip).

Then something happens. Money that would normally be used to support the infrastructure begins to be diverted into other growing areas. Because the area has less money to spend on upkeep, less of it is done. The once-proud area starts to look a little worn. The best residents start to move out because they don’t want to live in a threadbare area. Now the value of properties begins to decline. Lower-income people can afford to live in the area, and they do. Because property values are declining, the tax base also shrinks. This smaller pool of money now can pay for even fewer projects. As higher-earning residents flee the area, they stop shopping at the local stores. The stores’ revenues begin to decrease. They will eventually decrease to the point where the stores will either close their doors or relocate. I could go on, but you get the picture.

Smart city governments recognize this cycle and do whatever is nec- essary to prevent or at least shorten it. Unfortunately, governments are often no better than novice investors at recognizing and counteracting this process.

You might find several excellent repositioning opportunities right in your own backyard. But what if you don’t find any right away? You then need to apply techniques for attracting them to you, sometimes from great distances.

marketing methods you can use to attract deals.

relationship building.

A major key to unlocking success is to get and keep relationships. Successful relation- ships rely on three principles: 1. Make it easy to do business with you. 2. Do what you say you will do. 3. Don’t be a pain in the butt.

Making it easy to do business with you is one of the most important things you can do to develop long-term relationships.

What can I do to make this transaction go easier

create a reputation by standing out from the crowd.

If you’re dealing directly with a seller, give him all the information he needs to know that you are a qualified buyer. This includes contact information of your lender, the source of your down payment, dates and times of all your inspections, and so on.

you should be proactive in notifying the seller when you are satisfied with the due diligence and can sign off on it. You typically have between 30 days and 60 days to do your due diligence on a property. You’ll check the seller’s financials, get the physical inspections done, and check the legal issues.

many buyers let the due diligence phase expire and they assume the seller will assume they’re in the deal. Professionals don’t make so many assumptions. If you want to sep- arate yourself from the pack, notify the seller the day you sign off on the due diligence, and that you’re working your way to the closing.

return phone calls and e-mails as soon as you can, but certainly within the same day.

Be especially easy to do business with real estate brokers, who are also known as the geese that can lay one golden egg after another at your feet.

The good brokers are all jaded and cynical about what careless idiots most investors are.

If you are the broker, whom are you going to call? Will it be the guy who nitpicked you to death on that first—and last—deal you just did together? You know, the one who called you endlessly, renegotiated the contract at every opportunity, and played undecided until the very last moment? Or will you call the company that put the property under contract, notified you when all inspections were set up, and filled you in

Give you a complete progress update each week to the broker, so he can keep the seller informed and happy.

The primary difference between notes payable and bonds stems from securities laws.

What makes notes and bonds different are the terms to maturity.

Notes are issued in one-, three-, five-, seven- and 10-year terms. Conversely, bonds are long-term investments with terms of more than 10 years.

T-bills are short-term obligations issued with a term of one year or less, and because they are sold at a discount from face value, they do not pay interest before maturity.

A certificate of deposit (CD) is a savings certificate with a fixed maturity date, specified fixed interest rate and can be issued in any denomination aside from minimum investment requirements. A CD restricts access to the funds until the maturity date of the investment.

A certificate of deposit is a promissory note issued by a bank. It is a time deposit that restricts holders from withdrawing funds on demand.

Commercial paper is an unsecured, short-term debt instrument issued by a corporation, typically for the financing of accounts receivable, inventories and meeting short-term liabilities. Maturities on commercial paper rarely range any longer than 270 days. Commercial paper is usually issued at a discount from face value and reflects prevailing market interest rates.

know what the very best possible deal is? It’s leaving some meat in the current deal for the broker, so that he gives you the next great deal that comes along.

Do What You Say You Will Do

Did you say that you’d make an offer on the property by the end of the day? Then do it. If you don’t, the seller or broker will wonder if you’re interested in the deal.

f you get in their mind in the first place, make sure you turn that space into positive thoughts. When you do this, you’ll get the rare reputation of a performer

Don’t Be a Pain in the Butt

get the very best deal possible. But after the negotiation phase is over and you’ve shaken hands, do the deal.

you should renegotiate when a major unknown problem comes up during the property inspection. These items include bad roofs, boiler problems, erosion problems, and so on. They will cost some serious money to fix.