on 31-Aug-2018 (Fri)

问题又来了，如何知道这三种振型在地震下的位移是多少呢？如何知道每种振型占多大的份 额呢？怎么确定振型的叠加系数呢？众位看官，且听我们下回分

In this book I try to explain the most important skills for success as a practical chess player, and how you can train and develop these skills. In a nutshell, these skills are: a) How to find new ideas in openings. b) How to adopt new openings confidently and quickly. c) The various ways of solving practical middlegame problems. d) How to think in the endgame

On the other hand, just playing a random opening without having any original thought about it is also a bit of a waste. I feel much more motivated and interested in a game if I have the feeling that I’m coming to the board with something new of my own

After a couple more evenings like that, I couldn’t take it anymore. My biggest problem seemed to be that I couldn’t generate any ideas. If I didn’t start up Rybka, I might stare at a position for hours without finding anything interesting. But ... I used to be really good at this. So what was I missing now?

The goal is to discover new truths, and those truths may well lie outside the boundaries of your prejudices. My solution had three components: a) To remind myself explicitly before I started that I was analysing, not playing. I was going for creativity and quality, not expediency. b) I drew up a list of six ‘mind-enlarging’ approaches that I hoped would stimulate me to leave my comfort zone when analysing and trigger my creativity. c) I set the rule that I would only use Rybka to check analysis, not to generate ideas. In practice this meant that I followed this routine:

1) I set an alarm clock for 15 minutes. 2) Analysed for 2 x 15-minute stretches. 3) Typed my analysis into ChessBase (with Rybka switched off). Somehow writing things down always activates the checking part of my brain (I wish I was allowed to do that during games). 4) Then I switched on Rybka and checked through my analysis. I awarded myself points for the number of ideas I had analysed correctly. And what do points mean ... ? Pints! So you can see that a good analysis session tended to last shorter than a bad session.

Well that’s enough explanation: let’s take a look at the themes: 1) Disturbing the material balance. 2) You can’t do that! Not in this opening! Well, actually .

3) My goodness, you can play this for a win! 4) Crossover plans. 5) Acts of wanton aggression. 6) The spoilsport gambit (exchanging queens)

Theme 1: Disturbing the material balance This theme speaks for itself. Don’t automatically shy away from lines where you might have to give something up. Be constantly aware that you can unbalance the material equilibrium in order to generate activity or create compensating weaknesses in the opponent’s position. The following example is a wonderfully subtle exposition of this theme

[一种声音]中国经济是怎么被玩垮的？分析的太精辟了！

来源： 冷眼看文摘
中国经济奇迹是怎么来的

其实“土地下户”让老百姓从饿肚子到吃饱饭这个时期是最翻天覆地的，但这不叫“奇迹”，因为只要不搞农业集体化就不会饿肚子，这是常识，算不了奇迹。

接下来的经济数据也很不错，但也就是个学习倒数的孩子突然开始学习了，从班上倒数几名到倒数十几二十名的突飞猛进过程。你现在到街上随便找个农民工问问，十个有八个在小学时期都曾有过一小段这样的辉煌历史，所以这也不算什么奇迹。

奇迹是从2001年开始的！

从这一年开始，中国加入了世界贸易组织。全世界市场一瞬间向中国打开。中国面对无限广阔的全球市场迅速找到了自己的分工和定位：加工贸易！

中国在这方面有得天独厚的优势：一是人多；二是人穷；三是人善（好欺负的意思）；四是有人带。有人带是什么意思呢？“四小龙”里有两个都是我们亲戚，他们以前就是承接日本产业转移发展加工贸易起家的，这方面是有经验，所以大量的港商台商过来发挥特长，开起了加工厂，中国经济就这样靠着加工贸易起飞了！十几年以后成了“世界工厂”，在加工这个方面已经无人能敌了！央视曾经做了套节目叫《东莞制造》，记者指着东莞一条公路说：“这条路如果堵车半个小时，全世界电脑都要涨价！”那架势，好像已经在控制世界经济命脉了！让老百姓不要命的干活，就腾飞了，这么简单？是的，就是这么简单。这就叫“一招鲜，吃遍天”。但问题是：别人咋不学呢？



别人学不会！那些年，我们的工人长期加班、长期没有社保、年轻干活老了滚蛋；我们的土地直接可以征用；我们这里污染没人管；我们还通过汇率和补贴，用纳税人的钱帮助老板们出口。所以我们的优势独此一家，别人看了也只能流口水！这个优势被秦晖教授称作“低人权优势”。

但这是真正的奇迹。很多国家也一样人多、人穷，但却屁事都做不了，压根在国际市场上找不到自己的位置，终日碌碌无为，不知发展为何物！就凭这“一招鲜”，十几年时间，我们就成了世界第二大经济体！

当然，你也可以说，我们一个年级200个班，你们班人多，考试完了你每次非要比总分，当然你们班总分高，这算你们成绩好吗？

但是，这个班以前压根不学习，现在全班都在好好学习、在为这个学校做贡献好不好？

这就是奇迹，至少跟印度阿三比，我们为全世界经济作出的贡献比他们大得多得多！



2 房价是怎么长起来的

大批的年轻人到东南沿海打工，出口企业成为经济的发动机，带动着整个中国经济开始起飞了。经济一活百活，整个经济都良性循环起来，社会也要跟着发展！以前的欠账开始还了，比如城市化就开始迅速推进了。有了点钱，大家发现住在城里还是牛B，于是开始进城买房。那时候也有人搞开发，但好像不叫开发商，不知道叫什么，反正就是胆子大的，借几本房产证到银行抵押贷款，然后在城里找个单位或者找几家住户一商量，把房子扒了盖个楼房起来，一家还2套，剩下的卖掉；或者到城中村、城郊村给村干部搞到位，然后扒拉块地方就开始盖。盖完卖掉，卖完再盖。这种模式，从90年代初一直玩到2003年，十多年房价无比平稳，刨掉纯粹的通胀因素，基本没涨过！当然，盖房子的也没发大财，也就是挣个辛苦钱和胆大钱，发点小财。

到了2003年，我们政府终于发现了“城市化”的趋势和需求！于是乎，大约2003年开始，发明了土地招拍挂制度。从此以后！谁他妈也别想随便盖房子卖了，土地都是政府的，我一个人卖！

从此以后，到2003年，有个说法是土地招拍挂以后，10年时间，房价上涨了10倍！（哥私下以为，这个说法有点夸张，其实也就8倍的样子。）



道理很简单，开发商就是养猪卖肉的，本来他边养边卖供求平衡。政府突然跑去说，以后我负责养母猪卖猪崽，你只能找我买猪崽，然后拿回去养大了杀猪卖肉！好吧，这样一来，政府卖多少猪崽就决定了最终的猪肉供应量，既然猪肉供应量一定，那么养猪卖肉的自然可以共同涨价啊！反正只有这么多猪肉，你爱买不买，哥这个行业现在也他妈叫垄断行业了！

其实这也不算彻底垄断行业，因为猪肉价钱高了，会有很多人去买猪崽养猪卖肉的。卖猪崽那个虽然打着“为了规范市场”的旗号，实际上还不是为个“钱”字吗？他会不卖？！是的，他真发现这个很有前途的行业！因为他发现卖肉的一涨价，大家都抢着买肉，结果越买越涨、越涨越买，整个和养猪、杀猪、麦肉相关的市场都被带动的繁荣起来，上下游都变得兴兴向荣了！要知道，卖猪崽的可是做大生意的，人家不仅卖猪崽，还负责收整个市场的保护费！猪肉一涨，整个养猪卖肉产业链都发财了，保护费水涨船高，多么牛B！猪崽呢？当然也涨的很厉害哦！

于是，卖猪崽的和卖肉的达成了默契：控制猪崽数量、保持猪肉涨价预期、维护市场繁荣！

看起来好像很牛B吧？但是啊，买肉吃的草民们受不了，叫起来了！这一叫，来了一个调控！人民在叫苦，不调控一下不行啊！

于是说：猪肉这么贵，养猪卖猪肉的太坏了！我们来打击养猪卖肉的，把肉价降下来好不好？

草民沸腾了！大家都说好！

于是陆续出台了各种调控政策打击养猪卖肉犯：一是限制猪崽供应（狗日的，想养猪发财？）；二是加大养猪卖肉违规行为打击力度（搞死你！）；三是增加养猪卖肉税收（有财一起发！）；四是限制养猪卖肉贷款（让你养不起、卖不起！）；五是限制买肉（让你卖不出去！）

我日啊，你看看，这哪一条是把肉价降下来的手法？

搞反了吧？肉价贵，应该增加猪崽供应、放宽养猪卖肉门槛、减少养猪卖肉税费、支持养猪卖肉才对啊？尼玛你这是不是侮辱老百姓智商吗？

问题是，这么奇怪的玩法还真好使！老百姓一看养猪卖肉的“人民公敌”受打击了，个个欢呼雀跃，等待肉价下跌！----人家根本就没有智商，谈何侮辱？你听说过斯德哥尔摩综合症没？你侮辱他，他觉得你有魄力，牛B！你不侮辱他，人家还骂你！有人就蹦出来说：这样搞肉价会涨的！结果老百姓把他骂成了臭狗屎！----这个人叫任志强。好多本来感到疑惑的人一看，吓得鳖气儿不敢吭了！



接下来呢，调控一次，房价就猛涨一次，老百姓再出来叫，一叫调控又来了，周而复始好几次，本来人家卖猪崽的和养猪卖肉的商量的好好的慢慢涨，硬是给半路杀出来的调控折腾成了10年10倍8倍的暴涨！

本来很健康的一个产业，先是地方政府进场把它搞成垄断行业，后是中央政府伸出了闲不住的手。于是乎，房价就涨到今天这个进退无路的地步！本来是火车头的，现在连自己都拖不动了，这个火车头算是废了。

3 债务危机是怎么来的

卖地这个生意，越做越上瘾。这个生意实在是太牛B啦，不做个花样出来，简直对不起《土地法》啊！

话说，这个生意的逻辑是这样的：先在城郊征块地，一亩给农民5万，然后三通一平一亩再花个15万，一共20万...

When I read an opening book, I first play through the main line, reading what the author has to say about the moves and skipping all the variations. If I like the resulting positions, then I might spend a little more effort learning the opening. Otherwise, I stop reading. Since you've already bought the book, presumably you like the positions. But for other openings, looking at a database before buying a book can be invaluable.

Once I've decided to pursue an opening, I look at the games the author has included to try to understand more of the main ideas that pop up in all stages of the game (including the endgame if most of the games reach similar positions).

Once I understand (at least some of) the ideas of the opening, then I go back and reread the main lines, this time looking at the short variations as well. These are typically tactical shots that one must be aware to avoid (or exploit), several of which may persist into the middlegame

Once I'm comfortable with the main lines, I create a PGN file with them (and eventually some key variations). There are far too many lines in an opening book to memorize them all, so when I go through a third time, this time looking at all the variations as well, I evaluate the variations as worth knowing or otherwise. Those deemed worthwhile get added to the file, while those that I would never intend / allow to be played are immediately forgotten

As an example of what I mean, if you don't play the French as black, you don't need to book up on both the advance variation and the Tarrasch -- just pick one and always play that (at least until you have time / decide it is worthwhile to learn more). The one caveat is that you should probably make an effort to be aware of transpositions between lines that could take you from a variation that you are well prepared for into one that you know nothing about.

When all is said and done, excluding traps, I like my PGN file to have no more than 10-20 variations. Annotations are also generally good, as you might forget some of the ideas, and it would be bad to memorize a line and forget whether it is good or a trap to avoid. I also go back through the games in the book and include the relevant ones in my PGN for reference.

Only now does it make sense to start trying to memorize. I like to do this with by practicing with physical pieces, but there is now software to help as well.

The nice thing about this approach is that when I decide to switch to a different variation (e.g., because I'm not getting great results or my tastes change), I already have a lot of the work done, and I can go back through the opening book to look for something better with minimal effort.

‘‘toothache’’ in such a classification might become pulpal pain, periodontal pain, or heterotopic pain when its true site of origin is determined.