Details of the life cycle will naturally vary between companies and projects: How you develop a predictive model for customer lifetime value differs greatly from building self-driving cars. However, all data science and machine learning projects have the following key elements in common:
1. From a technical point of view, all projects involve data and computation at their foundation.
2. This book focuses on practical applications of these techniques instead of pure research, so we expect that all projects will eventually need to address the question of integrating results into production systems, which typically involves a great deal of software engineering.
3. Finally, from the human point of view, all projects involve experimentation and iteration, which many consider to be the central activity of data science.