on 19-Apr-2023 (Wed)

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when a baby is born too early, before 37 weeks of pregnancy have been completed.

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Prematurity

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refers to signs associated with placental insufficiency.

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Dysmaturity

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any baby born after 42 weeks gestation.

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Postmaturity

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Incidence of illness and death is increased

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HIGH-RISK NEWBORN

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also known as birth defects, are structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life.

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Congenital An omalies

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traditionally defined as a live-born infant born before the end of 37 weeks of gestation.

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p reterm in fant

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born between 34 and 37 weeks.

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Late preterm

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born between 24 and 34 weeks.

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Early preterm

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If delivered > 28 weeks of gestation – covered with

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vernix cas eosa

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If very preterm infant (28 weeks of gestation) – vernix caseosa is

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lacking

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Very low gestation – lanugo is

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scant

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Late pr eterm babies – lanugo is

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extensive

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The level of the ears should be assessed to rule out

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chromos omal abnormalitie s

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develop a normo c hromic, normocytic anemia (normal cells just few in number)

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Anemia of Prematurity

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Dest ruction of brain cells by invasion of indirect or unconjugated bilirubin .

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Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy (ABE)

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results from a high concentration of indirect bilirubin that forms in t he bloods tream f rom an excessive breakdown of R BC at bir th.

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Indirect or unconjugated bilirubin

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toxic to cells of the brain.

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Bilirubin

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The lungs of preterm infants (more than 6 week s early) lack adequate

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surfactant

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i s one born af ter 41 st week of a pregnancy.

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post term infant

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the birth we ight is above 90 th percentile on an in trauterine growth chart for the gestat ional age.

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LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE INFANT

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m ay occur as the fetus attempts to oxygenat e more than the a verage amount of body tiss ue.

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Polycythemia

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There is a hyaline (f ibrous) membrane formed from an exudate of an in fant ’s blood that begin s to line t he terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli caus ing problems in the exchange of O2 and carbon dioxide.

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RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (RDS)

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is present in the fetal bowel as early as 10 weeks of gestation.

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Meconium

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The most common causes of neonatal sepsis are Group B streptococcus and Escherichia coli bacteria.

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SEPSIS

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to dilute the amount of meconium in the amniotic fluid.

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Amnioinfusion

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is usually associated with vertical transmission.

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Early-onset sepsis

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can be acquired either vertically (sometimes early colonization takes awhile to evolve into a serious infection) or horizontally.

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Late-onset sep sis

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infection of the placenta and fetal membranes.

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Chorioamnionitis

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this is routinely tested for during pregnancy.

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Group B strep