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Annotation 149648301

In biology, a ring species is a connected series of neighbouring populations, each of which can interbreed with closely sited related populations, but for which there exist at least two "end" populations in the series, which are too distantly related to interbreed, though there is a potential gene flow between each "linked" population.
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Ring species - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ted along the cline are great enough to prevent interbreeding (represented by the gap between pink and green on the diagram). The interbreeding populations in this circular breeding group are then collectively referred to as a ring species. <span>In biology, a ring species is a connected series of neighbouring populations, each of which can interbreed with closely sited related populations, but for which there exist at least two "end" populations in the series, which are too distantly related to interbreed, though there is a potential gene flow between each "linked" population. Such non-breeding, though genetically connected, "end" populations may co-exist in the same region thus closing a "ring". The German term Rassenkreis, meaning a ring



Annotation 149648308

a cline (a gradual change in conditions which gives rise to slightly different characteristics predominating in the organisms that live along it). Such variation may occur in a straight line (for example, up a mountain slope) as is shown in A, or may bend right around (for example, around the shores of an ocean), as is shown in B.
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Ring species - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search The coloured bars show a number of natural populations, each population represented by a different colour, varying along <span>a cline (a gradual change in conditions which gives rise to slightly different characteristics predominating in the organisms that live along it). Such variation may occur in a straight line (for example, up a mountain slope) as is shown in A, or may bend right around (for example, around the shores of an ocean), as is shown in B. In the case where the cline bends around, populations next to each other on the cline can interbreed, but at the point that the beginning meets the end again, as is shown in C, the diffe



Annotation 149648323

as the number of comparisons increases, it becomes more likely that the groups being compared will appear to differ in terms of at least one attribute. Our confidence that a result will generalize to independent data should generally be weaker if it is observed as part of an analysis that involves multiple comparisons, rather than an analysis that involves only a single comparison.
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Multiple comparisons problem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ccurrences of different types of side effects. As more types of side effects are considered, it becomes more likely that the new drug will appear to be less safe than existing drugs in terms of at least one side effect. In all three examples, <span>as the number of comparisons increases, it becomes more likely that the groups being compared will appear to differ in terms of at least one attribute. Our confidence that a result will generalize to independent data should generally be weaker if it is observed as part of an analysis that involves multiple comparisons, rather than an analysis that involves only a single comparison. For example, if one test is performed at the 5% level, there is only a 5% chance of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis if the null hypothesis is true. However, for 100 tests where



Annotation 149648338

eye color is a character or abstraction of an attribute, while blue, brown and hazel are traits.
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Phenotypic trait - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
its in biology. For other uses of the term, see trait (disambiguation) A trait is a distinct variant of a phenotypic character of an organism that may be inherited, be environmentally determined or be a combination of the two.[1] For example, <span>eye color is a character or abstraction of an attribute, while blue, brown and hazel are traits. Contents 1 Definition2 Genetic origin of traits in diploid organisms3 Mendelian expression of genes in diploid organisms4 Biochemistry of dominance and extensions to expression of trait



Annotation 149648360

Ectoderm is one of the three primary germ cell layers in the very early embryo. It emerges and originates from the outer layer of germ cells. It differentiates to form the nervous system and the epidermis.
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Ectoderm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Ectoderm Organs derived from ectoderm. Section through embryonic disk of Vespertilio murinus. DetailsDays16IdentifiersMeSHEctoderm <span>Ectoderm is one of the three primary germ cell layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the mesoderm (middle layer) and endoderm (most proximal layer), with the ectoderm as the most exterior (or distal) layer.[1] It emerges and originates from the outer layer of germ cells. The word ectoderm comes from the Greek ektos meaning "outside", and derma, meaning "skin."[2] Generally speaking, the ectoderm differentiates to form the nervous system (spine, peripheral nerves and brain),[3][4] tooth enamel and the epidermis (the outer part of integument). It also forms the lining of mouth, anus, nostrils, sweat glands, hair and nails.[4] In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neural crest, and neural tube. The latter two are known as neuroectoderm. Content