BuboFlash - helps with learning

Edited, memorised or added to reading queue

Do you want BuboFlash to help you learning these things? Click here to log in or create user.

Flashcard 149468304

Question

Make sure that there is enough [...] and it is notable.

Answer

context

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Wikipedia:FAQ - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
development; and you may wish to try the Article Wizard. For creating a new page in your userspace see How do I create a user subpage?; or use the Article Wizard, which has an option for that. Make sure that there is enough context and it is notable. Why was my article deleted? Further information: Wikipedia:Why was the page I created deleted? If you look at the address where your page was, it should have a red box above it

Flashcard 1411020623116

Tags

#obgyn

Question

List 5 etiologies of postmenopausal bleeding

Answer

• Atrophic vulvovaginitis (most common causes)
• Exogenous estrogen
• Endometrial cancer (15-20%)
• Endometrial hyperplasia
• Endometrial or cervical polyps
• Cervical ectropion
• Other gynecologic malignancies
---• Carcinoma of cervix
---• Carcinoma vagina
---• Uterine sarcoma
---• Fallopian tube/ovarian cancer
• Bleeding from the urinary tract
• Bleeding from the GI tract
• Coagulation disorder

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

etio of postmenopausal bleeding
Etiology of Postmenopausal Bleeding • Atrophic vulvovaginitis (most common causes) • Exogenous estrogen • Endometrial cancer (15-20%) • Endometrial hyperplasia • Endometrial or cervical polyps • Cervical ectropion • O

Annotation 1417357167884

#cognitive_bias #psychology #well-being

differentiated between what they called decision utility, or “wantability” and experienced utility, a form of happiness or well-being

status	not read	reprioritisations
last reprioritisation on		suggested re-reading day
started reading on		finished reading on

Wantability, Well-Being and Risk | Risk and Well-Being
s critical–those decisions relate to what we want, not necessarily what makes us happy. The Nobel prize-winning economist Daniel Kahneman, together with Richard Thaler, looked at this distinction in a famous 2006 article. The two economists differentiated between what they called decision utility, or “wantability” and experienced utility, a form of happiness or well-being. The two things are frequently not the same, and we have a growing evidence base to prove it. This adds a whole new dimension to risk since we may not only not get those things to which

Annotation 1417361362188

#cognitive_bias #psychology #well-being

distinction between the remembering self and the experiencing self.

status	not read	reprioritisations
last reprioritisation on		suggested re-reading day
started reading on		finished reading on

Rationally Speaking: The remembering self vs the experiencing self
f [imagelink] by Ian Pollock I’ve just finished Daniel Kahneman’s book Thinking, Fast and Slow, which everybody needs to read. One of the useful concepts that he analyzes, which I believe I first heard from Dan Ariely, is the distinction between the remembering self and the experiencing self. Following Kahneman’s presentation, think for a moment about where you would go on vacation if you could leave right now and money were no object. Why would you go there? What co

Annotation 1417362410764

#cognitive_bias #psychology #well-being

think for a moment about where you would go on vacation if you could leave right now and money were no object. Why would you go there?

What comes to my mind is a hike along the East Coast Trail in Newfoundland. It’s been a few years since I’ve done any serious backpacking, so I suppose that I’m itching for a bit of challenge.

Now another question: where would you go if you could leave right now, money were no object, but your memory of the vacation would be erased when you returned?

I’m guessing that your choice under these circumstances is far more simply hedonistic – I’m inclined to choose some tropical beach destination.

status	not read	reprioritisations
last reprioritisation on		suggested re-reading day
started reading on		finished reading on

Rationally Speaking: The remembering self vs the experiencing self
Slow, which everybody needs to read. One of the useful concepts that he analyzes, which I believe I first heard from Dan Ariely, is the distinction between the remembering self and the experiencing self. Following Kahneman’s presentation, think for a moment about where you would go on vacation if you could leave right now and money were no object. Why would you go there? What comes to my mind is a hike along the East Coast Trail in Newfoundland. It’s been a few years since I’ve done any serious backpacking, so I suppose that I’m itching for a bit of challenge. Now another question: where would you go if you could leave right now, money were no object, but your memory of the vacation would be erased when you returned? I’m guessing that your choice under these circumstances is far more simply hedonistic – I’m inclined to choose some tropical beach destination. According to Kahneman and others, this disparity reflects a difference in our preferences between a here-and-now preferrer — the experiencing self — that wants this pleasure to cont

Annotation 1417363459340

#cognitive_bias #psychology #well-being

The creepy comes in when people are asked whether it would be acceptable to them to have an operation without anesthetic, so long as they do not remember it. According to Kahneman, many people (including himself) are all right with that, showing extreme callousness toward their experiencing selves!

status	not read	reprioritisations
last reprioritisation on		suggested re-reading day
started reading on		finished reading on

Rationally Speaking: The remembering self vs the experiencing self
lly prefer to have a band-aid slowly peeled off, rather than “getting it over with.” Our remembering selves see the former as a less bad experience, even as our experiencing selves suffer for twice as long with pain that is not much less. The creepy comes in when people are asked whether it would be acceptable to them to have an operation without anesthetic, so long as they do not remember it. According to Kahneman, many people (including himself) are all right with that, showing extreme callousness toward their experiencing selves! (I happen to lack whatever intuition is driving this phenomenon — I’m quite protective of my experiencing self.) Of course, the remembering self is not always cast as the bad guy. I

Annotation 1417364507916

#cognitive_bias #psychology #well-being

I suspect most of us will have had the odd day on which all of our considered plans were dropped because of some hedonistic distraction — say, watching an entire season of Game of Thrones

status	not read	reprioritisations
last reprioritisation on		suggested re-reading day
started reading on		finished reading on

Rationally Speaking: The remembering self vs the experiencing self
wing extreme callousness toward their experiencing selves! (I happen to lack whatever intuition is driving this phenomenon — I’m quite protective of my experiencing self.) Of course, the remembering self is not always cast as the bad guy. I suspect most of us will have had the odd day on which all of our considered plans were dropped because of some hedonistic distraction — say, watching an entire season of Game of Thrones in one’s housecoat while wolfing down snacks (speaking purely hypothetically, of course). Here the experiencing self has triumphed over the remembering self. (Incidentally, there is int

Annotation 1417410383116

M₂ muscarinic receptors act via a G_i type receptor, which causes a decrease in cAMP in the cell, generally leading to inhibitory-type effects. They appear to serve as autoreceptors

status	not read	reprioritisations
last reprioritisation on		suggested re-reading day
started reading on		finished reading on

Parent (intermediate) annotation

Original toplevel document

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 - Wikipedia
is claim instead found no significant association between the CHRM2 gene and intelligence. [8] Olfactory behavior[edit] Mediating olfactory guided behaviors (e.g. odor discrimination, aggression, mating) [9] Mechanism of action[edit] M 2 muscarinic receptors act via a G i type receptor, which causes a decrease in cAMP in the cell, generally leading to inhibitory-type effects. They appear to serve as autoreceptors. [10] In addition, they modulate muscarinic potassium channels. [11] [12] In the heart, this contributes to a decreased heart rate. They do so by the G beta gamma subunit of the G protein coupled to M 2 . This part of the G protein can open K + channels in the parasympathetic notches in the heart, which causes an outward current of potassium, which slows down the heart rate. Ligands[edit] Few highly selective M 2 agonists are available at present, although there are several non-selective muscarinic agonists that stimulate M 2 , and a number of selectiv

Annotation 1417411955980

M2-receptors modulate muscarinic potassium channels.^[11]^[12] In the heart, this contributes to a decreased heart rate. They do so by the G beta gamma subunit of the G protein coupled to M₂. This part of the G protein can open K⁺ channels in the parasympathetic notches in the heart, which causes an outward current of potassium, which slows down the heart rate.

status	not read	reprioritisations
last reprioritisation on		suggested re-reading day
started reading on		finished reading on

Parent (intermediate) annotation

Open it
M 2 muscarinic receptors act via a G i type receptor, which causes a decrease in cAMP in the cell, generally leading to inhibitory-type effects. They appear to serve as autoreceptors. [10] In addition, they modulate muscarinic potassium channels. [11] [12] In the heart, this contributes to a decreased heart rate. They do so by the G beta gamma subunit of the G protein coupled to M 2 . This part of the G protein can open K + channels in the parasympathetic notches in the heart, which causes an outward current of potassium, which slows down the heart rate.

Original toplevel document

Flashcard 1417414839564

Question

The [...] receptors are located in the heart

Answer

M₂ muscarinic

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Parent (intermediate) annotation

Open it
The M 2 muscarinic receptors are located in the heart

Original toplevel document

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 - Wikipedia
] Contents [hide] 1 Function 1.1 Heart 1.2 IQ 1.3 Olfactory behavior 2 Mechanism of action 3 Ligands 3.1 Agonists 3.2 Antagonists 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links Function[edit] Heart[edit] The M 2 muscarinic receptors are located in the heart, where they act to slow the heart rate down to normal sinus rhythm after positive stimulatory actions of the parasympathetic nervous system, by slowing the speed of depolarization. They

Flashcard 1417416412428

Question

The M₂ muscarinic receptors are located in the [...]

Answer

heart

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Parent (intermediate) annotation

Open it
The M 2 muscarinic receptors are located in the heart

Original toplevel document

Flashcard 1417417985292

Question

Vilken receptor binder ACh till i hjärtat?

Answer

M₂ receptorn

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Parent (intermediate) annotation

Open it
The M 2 muscarinic receptors are located in the heart

Original toplevel document

Flashcard 1417422179596

Tags

#obgyn

Question

List 5 factors which appear to predispose fetus to breech position

Answer

-uterine relaxation assc w/ great parity
-mult fetuses
-hydramnios
-oligohydramnios
-hydrocephalus
-anencephalus
-prev breech delivery
-uterine anomalies
-pelvic tumours

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417424014604

Tags

#has-images #obgyn

Question

What is a frank breech?

Answer

original url: http://birthwithoutfearblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/BreechPositions2.jpg

foot to mouth

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417427422476

Tags

#has-images #obgyn

Question

What is a complete breech?

Answer

buddah baby (knees & hips flexed)

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417430830348

Tags

#has-images #obgyn

Question

What is an incomplete breech?

Answer

one/both hips not flexed and one/both feet/knees lie below buttocks (footling/kneeling breech)

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417434238220

Tags

#obgyn

Question

With twin pregnancy, when can you do a footling delivery? with which baby? how much time do you have?

Answer

can footling deliver the 2nd baby since first baby will dilate cervix, but need to do w/i 15 min (if past, can't do vag delivery)

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417436073228

Tags

#obgyn

Question

which breech position has best chance of safe vaginal delivery?

Answer

frank breech

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417437908236

Tags

#obgyn

Question

Which breech position is the least safe for vaginal delivery? What are they more likely to cause?

Answer

incomplete breech; more likely to experience birth trauma & death from head not delivering

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417439743244

Tags

#obgyn

Question

List 5 complications that can be anticipated with a breech presentation compared to a cephalic presentation

Answer

-perinatal morbidity & mortality from birth trauma/asphyxia (r/t head entrapment)
-low birth wt from preterm delivery and/or growth restriction
-prolapsed cord
-placenta previa
-fetal, neonatal, and infant anomalies
-uterine anomalies & tumours
-multiple fetuses
-operative intervention, esp c/s

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417441578252

Tags

#obgyn

Question

What factors indicate mother may be able to safely deliver a breech baby vaginally?

Answer

-labour occurs at term (40 weeks)
-baby is correct weight
-baby is complete/frank breech
-mom & baby are otherwise healthy w/ no abnormalities

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417443413260

Tags

#obgyn

Question

with breech presentation, c/s is recommended if:

Answer

-labour not progressing normally
-umbilical cord comes out before baby
-baby not in complete/frank breech

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417445248268

Tags

#obgyn

Question

At what week(s) should you recognize & confirm breech presentation?

Answer

35-36 weeks to have adequate time for discussion of management options

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417447083276

Tags

#obgyn

Question

What are 2 options to offer a woman with breech baby?

Answer

-external cephalic version (ECV)
-planned lower segment c/s

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417448918284

Tags

#obgyn

Question

When is the ideal time (GA) to perform external cephalic version (ECV)?

Answer

after 36 weeks

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417450753292

Tags

#obgyn

Question

Why is it ideal to perform an external cephalic version after 36 weeks?

Answer

-spontaneous version often occurs prior to 36 wks
-turning back to breech after 36 wks is uncommon
-and if complications requiring immediate delivery, fetus mature after 36 wks

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417453374732

Tags

#obgyn

Question

What are risks of ECV (external cephalic version)?

Answer

-intrauterine death secondary to cord accident
-feto-maternal hemorrhage (rare)
-abruption
-rupture of membranes
-labour
-fetal bradycardia necessitating immediate c/s (<1%)
-alloimmunization

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417455209740

Tags

#obgyn

Question

What should be done to prevent alloimmunization when performing an ECV?

Answer

give Rhogam if mom Rh -ve

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417457044748

Tags

#obgyn

Question

vag breech birth can be assc w/ higher risk of what than elective c/s?

Answer

perinatal mortality & short-term neonatal morbidity (e.g. seizures)

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417458879756

Tags

#obgyn

Question

what outcome doesn't differ b/w vag breech birth & elective c/s?

Answer

long-term neurologic infant outcomes don't differ even when serious short-term morbidities present (through vag deliv)

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417460714764

Tags

#obgyn

Question

do a pre/early labour US in breech presentation to assess:

Answer

-type of breech
-estimated fetal wt (EFW)
-attitude of fetal head (flexion preferred)

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417462549772

Tags

#obgyn

Question

What should you do if US is not available in breech presentation?

Answer

c/s

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417464384780

Tags

#obgyn

Question

List 5 contraindications for labour in breech:

Answer

-cord presentation
-fetal growth restriction
-macrosomia
-any presentation other than frank/complete
-inadequate maternal pelvis
-fetal anomaly incompatible w/ vag deliv (e.g. hydrocephalus)
-woman refuses trial of vag breech birth

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417466219788

Tags

#obgyn

Question

At what range of estimated fetal wt (EFW) can we offer vag breech deliv?

Answer

2500-4000g (normal wt)

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417468054796

Tags

#obgyn

Question

List 7 steps in labour management of vag breech deliv

Answer

-check maternal pelvis for any abn pelvic contraction
-good labour progress is best indicator that there's adequate room for fetus (c/s advised if labour progress inadequate)
-continuous fetal monitoring preferred
-check for prolapsed cord when membranes ruptured
-induction of labour is not recommended
-oxytocin augmentation of labour is acceptable if contractions are infreq/weak
-active 2nd stage (pushing) should be done near OR, prepared to perform C/S
-hcp for vag breech birth needs the skills & experience
-hcp skilled in neonatal resusc should be in attendance for deliv in case head is trapped or nuchal arms are irreducible (arms stuck behind head)
-once active pushing occurs, c/s recommended if deliv not imminent after 60 min

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417469889804

Tags

#obgyn

Question

What are methods of intrauterine resusc?

Answer

-change maternal position
-IV fluid
-O2
-stop oxy if abn tracing while in labour

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417471724812

Tags

#obgyn

Question

if fetal head doesn't restitute spontaneously in delivery, probably [...]

Answer

shoulder dystocia

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417473559820

Tags

#obgyn

Question

List 5 risk factors for shoulder dystocia

Answer

-post-term pregnancy
-maternal obesity
-fetal macrosomia
-prev shoulder dystocia
-operative vag deliv (c/s)
-prolonged labour
-poorly controlled DM

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417475394828

Tags

#obgyn

Question

maternal complications of shoulder dystocia (list 4)

Answer

-PPH
-uterine atony
-maternal lacerations
-uterine rupture

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Flashcard 1417477229836

Tags

#obgyn

Question

fetal complications of shoulder dystocia (list 5)

Answer

-birth injuries
-fractures (clavicle, humerus)
-brachial plexus palsy
-hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)
-death

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

Edited, memorised or added to reading queue

on 08-Nov-2016 (Tue)

Parent (intermediate) annotation

Original toplevel document

Parent (intermediate) annotation

Original toplevel document

Parent (intermediate) annotation

Original toplevel document

Parent (intermediate) annotation

Original toplevel document

Parent (intermediate) annotation

Original toplevel document