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Flashcard 1425571450124

Tags

#cfa-level #economics #microeconomics #reading-13-demand-and-supply-analysis-introduction #study-session-4

Question

Reading 15 provides the basis for understanding [...]

Answer

the cost side of firms’ profit equation.

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Reading 15 deals with the theory of the firm, focusing on the supply of goods and services by profit-maximizing firms. That reading provides the basis for understanding the cost side of firms’ profit equation.

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Study Session 4
quantities. Reading 14 covers the theory of the consumer, which addresses the demand for goods and services by individuals who make decisions to maximize the satisfaction they receive from present and future consumption. Reading 15 deals with the theory of the firm, focusing on the supply of goods and services by profit-maximizing firms. That reading provides the basis for understanding the cost side of firms’ profit equation. Reading 16 completes the picture by addressing revenue and explains the types of markets in which firms sell output. Overall, the study session provides the economic tools fo

Flashcard 1435905166604

Tags

#eximbank #export-dot-gov #octopus #usa

Question

For large infrastructure projects, a number of financing instruments are available. Project consortiums often develop a finance mix between [...], multilaterals, commercial banks, and national export credit agencies, such as the U.S. Export-Import Bank.

Answer

development banks

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For large infrastructure projects, a number of financing instruments are available. Project consortiums often develop a finance mix between development banks, multilaterals, commercial banks, and national export credit agencies, such as the U.S. Export-Import Bank.

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Mexico - Project Financing
0/4/2016 Includes how major projects are financed and gives examples where relevant. Explains activities of the multilateral development banks in and other aid-funded projects where procurement is open to U.S. bidders. For large infrastructure projects, a number of financing instruments are available. Project consortiums often develop a finance mix between development banks, multilaterals, commercial banks, and national export credit agencies, such as the U.S. Export-Import Bank. U.S. Export-Import Bank (http://www.exim.gov) The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank), an independent agency of the federal government, o

Flashcard 1448304053516

Tags

#cfa-level-1 #fra-introduction #reading-22-financial-statement-analysis-intro #study-session-7

Question

Profit (or loss) includes other income such as [...] income or income from [...]

Answer

investing

the sale of items other than goods and services

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Profit (or loss) includes other income (such as investing income or income from the sale of items other than goods and services) minus the expenses incurred to earn that income.

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2. SCOPE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS
of cash disbursements). Profit and cash flow are not equivalent. Profit (or loss) represents the difference between the prices at which goods or services are provided to customers and the expenses incurred to provide those goods and services. In addition, profit (or loss) includes other income (such as investing income or income from the sale of items other than goods and services) minus the expenses incurred to earn that income. Overall, profit (or loss) equals income minus expenses, and its recognition is mostly independent from when cash is received or paid. Example 1 illustrates the distinction between profi

Flashcard 1450976611596

Tags

#reestructuracion-financiera

Question

Tercera fase: Estrategia de reestructuración
Después de elaborar el marco de referencia e institucional es necesario instrumentar el plan de reestructuración financiera, que consiste en seleccionar la estrategia más conveniente para la empresa; la que debe tomar en cuenta:

v [...]

v El momento idóneo.

v La forma de llevarse a cabo.

Answer

El monto a reestructurarse.

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Después de elaborar el marco de referencia e institucional es necesario instrumentar el plan de reestructuración financiera, que consiste en seleccionar la estrategia más conveniente para la empresa; la que debe tomar en cuenta: v El monto a reestructurarse. v El momento idóneo. v La forma de llevarse a cabo.<body><html>

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Flashcard 1480518405388

Tags

#bayes #programming #r #statistics

Question

The mathematical formula for the normal probability density is [...]

Answer

\(p(x) = \frac{1} {σ \sqrt{2\pi}} exp( \frac{-(x - μ)^2}{ 2σ^2})\)

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The mathematical formula for the normal probability density is p(x) = 1 σ √ 2π exp − 1 2 x − μ σ 2

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Flashcard 1480529415436

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

For example, some abundant substrates are present at a concentration of 0.5 mM. Since pure water is 55.5 M, there is only about one such substrate molecule in the cell for every [...] water molecules. Nevertheless, the active site on an enzyme molecule that binds this substrate will be bombarded by about 500,000 random collisions with the substrate molecule per second. (For a substrate concentration tenfold lower, the number of collisions drops to 50,000 per second, and so on.)

Answer

10⁵

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For example, some abundant substrates are present at a concentration of 0.5 mM. Since pure water is 55.5 M, there is only about one such substrate molecule in the cell for every 10 5 water molecules. Nevertheless, the active site on an enzyme molecule that binds this substrate will be bombarded by about 500,000 random collisions with the substrate molecule per se

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Flashcard 1480535706892

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

the standard free-energy change of a reaction, ∆G°. The ∆G° is [definition]. Defined in this way, ∆G° depends only on the intrinsic characters of the reacting molecules

Answer

the change in free energy under a standard condition, defined as that where the concentrations of all the reactants are set to the same fixed value of 1 mole/liter

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the standard free-energy change of a reaction, ∆G°. The ∆G° is the change in free energy under a standard condition, defined as that where the concentrations of all the reactants are set to the same fixed value of 1 mole/liter. Defined in this way, ∆G° depends only on the intrinsic characters of the reacting molecules

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Flashcard 1480543571212

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

[...] cumulative sum of the elements of x

Answer

cumsum(x)

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cumsum(x) cumulative sum of the elements of x, e.g., cumsum(1:4) returns [1 3 6 10]

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Flashcard 1480557726988

Tags

#bayes #programming #r #statistics

Question

how should we define “distance” between values? One way to define distance is as [...]:

Answer

squared difference

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how should we define “distance” between values? One way to define distance is as squared difference: The distance between x and M is (x − M) 2 . One virtue of this definition is that the distance from x to M isthesameasthedistancefromM to x, because (x −M) 2 = (M −x)</bo

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Flashcard 1480592329996

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

For some biosynthetic reactions, however, even [energy released by ATP hydrolysis] does not provide enough of a driving force. In these cases, the path of ATP hydrolysis can be altered so that it initially produces AMP and pyrophos- phate (PP i ), which is itself then hydrolyzed in a subsequent step (Figure 2–42). The whole process makes available a total free-energy change of about –100 kJ/ mole.

Answer

–50 kJ/mole

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For some biosynthetic reactions, however, even –50 kJ/mole does not provide enough of a driving force. In these cases, the path of ATP hydrolysis can be altered so that it initially produces AMP and pyrophos- phate (PP i ), which is itself the

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Flashcard 1480601767180

Tags

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks

Question

The p erformance of these simple machine learning algorithms dep ends heavily on the [...] they are giv en

Answer

represen tation of the data

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The p erformance of these simple machine learning algorithms dep ends heavily on the represen tation of the data they are giv en

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Flashcard 1480631651596

Tags

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks

Question

The pro duct op eration is deﬁned b y [...]

Answer

\(C_{i,j} = \sum_k {A_{i,k} B_{k,j}}\)

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The pro duct op eration is deﬁned b y C i,j = k A i,k B k,j .

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Flashcard 1480641088780

Tags

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks

Question

An iden tit y matrix is a matrix that do es not c hange an y vector when we m ultiply that vector by that matrix. W e denote the iden tit y matrix that preserves n -dimensional v ectors as [...] .

Answer

I_n

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An iden tit y matrix is a matrix that do es not c hange an y vector when we m ultiply that vector by that matrix. W e denote the iden tit y matrix that preserves n -dimensional v ectors as I n . F ormally , I n ∈ R n n × , and ∀ ∈ x R n , I n x x =

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Flashcard 1480644234508

Tags

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks

Question

The matrix in verse of A is denoted as [...]

Answer

A^-1

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The matrix in verse of A is denoted as A − 1 , and it is deﬁned as the matrix suc h that A − 1 A I = n

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Flashcard 1480645807372

Tags

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks

Question

The matrix in verse of A is denoted as A^-1 , and it is deﬁned as [...]

Answer

the matrix suc h that \(A ^{-1} A = I_n\)

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The matrix in verse of A is denoted as A − 1 , and it is deﬁned as the matrix suc h that A − 1 A I = n

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Flashcard 1480663108876

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

In contrast, liver cells supply glucose to actively contracting muscle cells and [...] produced by muscle cells back into glucose.

Answer

recycle the lactic acid

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In contrast, liver cells supply glucose to actively contracting muscle cells and recycle the lactic acid produced by muscle cells back into glucose.

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Flashcard 1480791297292

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

Note that if the argument of a function is an array, the function is [...]

Answer

applied element by element to all the values in the array, e.g., sqrt([1 2 3 4]) returns 1.0000 1.4142 1.7321 2.0000

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Note that if the argument of a function is an array, the function is applied element by element to all the values in the array, e.g., sqrt([1 2 3 4]) returns 1.0000 1.4142 1.7321 2.0000

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Flashcard 1480792870156

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

[...] value of the exponential function e^x

Answer

exp(x)

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exp(x) value of the exponential function e x

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Flashcard 1480794443020

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

exp(x) ^[...]

Answer

value of the exponential function e^x

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exp(x) value of the exponential function e x

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Flashcard 1480796015884

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

[...] number of elements of vector x

Answer

length(x)

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length(x) number of elements of vector x

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Flashcard 1480797588748

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

length(x) [...]

Answer

number of elements of vector x

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length(x) number of elements of vector x

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Flashcard 1480799161612

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

[...] product of the elements of x

Answer

prod(x)

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prod(x) product of the elements of x

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Flashcard 1480800734476

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

prod(x) [...]

Answer

product of the elements of x

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prod(x) product of the elements of x

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Flashcard 1480802307340

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

If you don’t want the filename as the variable name use the [...]

Answer

functional form of the command, e.g., A = load(’myData.txt’)

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If you don’t want the filename as the variable name use the functional form of the command, e.g., A = load(’myData.txt’)

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Flashcard 1480803880204

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

What are the logical operators in matlab?

Answer

~ NOT
& AND
| OR

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5.2 Logical operators 115 Table 5.1 Logical Operators Operator Meaning ~ NOT & AND | O

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Flashcard 1480806239500

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

A summary of the rules for the use of a logical vector as a subscript are as follows: A logical vector v [...]. Only the elements of x corresponding to 1s in v are returned. x and v mustbethesamesize

Answer

may be a subscript of another vector x

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A summary of the rules for the use of a logical vector as a subscript are as follows: A logical vector v may be a subscript of another vector x. Only the elements of x corresponding to 1s in v are returned. x and v mustbethesamesize

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Flashcard 1480807812364

Tags

#matlab #programming

Question

A summary of the rules for the use of a logical vector as a subscript are as follows: A logical vector v may be a subscript of another vector x. Only the elements of x corresponding to 1s in v are returned. x and v mustbe[...]

Answer

thesamesize

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ody>A summary of the rules for the use of a logical vector as a subscript are as follows: A logical vector v may be a subscript of another vector x. Only the elements of x corresponding to 1s in v are returned. x and v mustbethesamesize<body><html>

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Flashcard 1480812530956

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

or every [...] difference in free energy at 37°C, the equilibrium constant changes by a factor of 10

Answer

5.94 kJ/mole

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or every 5.94 kJ/mole difference in free energy at 37°C, the equilibrium constant changes by a factor of 10

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Flashcard 1480814103820

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

or every 5.94 kJ/mole difference in free energy at 37°C, the equilibrium constant changes by a [...]

Answer

factor of 10

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or every 5.94 kJ/mole difference in free energy at 37°C, the equilibrium constant changes by a factor of 10

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Flashcard 1480815676684

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

The simplest possible mecha- nism involves [...] , in which case the reaction pathway contains only two steps: 1. B–OH + ATP → B–O–PO 3 + ADP 2. A–H + B–O–PO 3 → A–B + P i Net result: B–OH + ATP + A–H → A–B + ADP + P

Answer

the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to B–OH to make B–O–PO 3

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The simplest possible mecha- nism involves the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to B–OH to make B–O–PO 3 , in which case the reaction pathway contains only two steps: 1. B–OH + ATP → B–O–PO 3 + ADP 2. A–H + B–O–PO 3 → A–B + P i Net result: B–OH + ATP + A–H → A–B + ADP + P</sp

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Flashcard 1480817249548

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

Inside the cell the ratio of [...] is kept high, whereas the ratio of [...] is kept low. This pro- vides plenty of [...] to act as an oxidizing agent and plenty of [...] to act as a reducing agent

Answer

NAD + to NADH; NADP+ to NADPH; NAD+; NADPH

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Inside the cell the ratio of NAD + to NADH is kept high, whereas the ratio of NADP + to NADPH is kept low. This pro- vides plenty of NAD + to act as an oxidizing agent and plenty of NADPH to act as a reducing agent</sp

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Flashcard 1480818822412

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

Inside the cell the ratio of NAD + to NADH is kept high, whereas the ratio of [...] is kept low. This pro- vides plenty of NAD + to act as an oxidizing agent and plenty of NADPH to act as a reducing agent

Answer

NADP + to NADPH

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Flashcard 1480829832460

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

It does, however, give a molecule of NADPH a slightly different shape from that of NADH, making it possible [...]

Answer

for NADPH and NADH to bind as substrates to completely different sets of enzymes.

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It does, however, give a molecule of NADPH a slightly different shape from that of NADH, making it possible for NADPH and NADH to bind as substrates to completely different sets of enzymes.

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Flashcard 1480831405324

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

[...] (Figure 2–38) is used to add two carbon units in the biosynthesis of larger molecules.

Answer

Acetyl CoA

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Acetyl CoA (Figure 2–38) is used to add two carbon units in the biosynthesis of larger molecules.

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Flashcard 1480832978188

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

Thus, ATP transfers [...], NADPH transfers electrons and hydrogen, and acetyl CoA transfers two-carbon acetyl groups

Answer

phosphate

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Thus, ATP transfers phosphate, NADPH transfers electrons and hydrogen, and acetyl CoA transfers two-carbon acetyl groups

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Flashcard 1480834551052

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

Thus, ATP transfers phosphate, NADPH transfers [...], and acetyl CoA transfers two-carbon acetyl groups

Answer

electrons and hydrogen

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Thus, ATP transfers phosphate, NADPH transfers electrons and hydrogen, and acetyl CoA transfers two-carbon acetyl groups

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Flashcard 1480836123916

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

Thus, ATP transfers phosphate, NADPH transfers electrons and hydrogen, and acetyl CoA transfers [...]

Answer

two-carbon acetyl groups

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Thus, ATP transfers phosphate, NADPH transfers electrons and hydrogen, and acetyl CoA transfers two-carbon acetyl groups

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Flashcard 1480837696780

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

Each activated carrier has limits in its ability to drive a biosynthetic reaction. The ∆G for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (P i ) depends on the concentrations of all of the reactants, but under the usual conditions in a cell it is between [...] In principle, this hydrolysis reaction could drive an unfavorable reaction with a ∆G of, perhaps, +40 kJ/mole, provided that a suitable reaction path is available.

Answer

–46 and –54 kJ/mole.

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as limits in its ability to drive a biosynthetic reaction. The ∆G for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (P i ) depends on the concentrations of all of the reactants, but under the usual conditions in a cell it is between –46 and –54 kJ/mole. In principle, this hydrolysis reaction could drive an unfavorable reaction with a ∆G of, perhaps, +40 kJ/mole, provided that a suitable reaction path is available.</body

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Flashcard 1480839269644

Tags

#biochem #biology #cell

Question

Each activated carrier has limits in its ability to drive a biosynthetic reaction. The ∆G for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (P i ) depends on the concentrations of all of the reactants, but under the usual conditions in a cell it is between –46 and –54 kJ/mole. In principle, this hydrolysis reaction could drive an unfavorable reaction with a ∆G of, perhaps, [...] provided that a suitable reaction path is available.

Answer

+40 kJ/mole,

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ate (P i ) depends on the concentrations of all of the reactants, but under the usual conditions in a cell it is between –46 and –54 kJ/mole. In principle, this hydrolysis reaction could drive an unfavorable reaction with a ∆G of, perhaps, +40 kJ/mole, provided that a suitable reaction path is available.<body><html>

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In tail polymerization, [...]

Answer

the reactive bond carried by each monomer is instead used immediately for its own addition

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In tail polymerization, the reactive bond carried by each monomer is instead used immediately for its own addition

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The synthesis of polynucleotides and some simple polysaccharides occurs by [...],

Answer

tail polymerization

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The synthesis of polynucleotides and some simple polysaccharides occurs by tail polymerization, for example, whereas the synthesis of proteins occurs by a head polymerization process growing polymer, and it must therefore be regenerated each time that a monomer is added.</

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The synthesis of polynucleotides and some simple polysaccharides occurs by tail polymerization, for example, whereas the synthesis of proteins occurs by a head polymerization process growing polymer, and it must therefore [...]

Answer

be regenerated each time that a monomer is added.

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ad>The synthesis of polynucleotides and some simple polysaccharides occurs by tail polymerization, for example, whereas the synthesis of proteins occurs by a head polymerization process growing polymer, and it must therefore be regenerated each time that a monomer is added.<html>

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the synthesis of proteins occurs by a [...] process growing polymer, and it must therefore be regenerated each time that a monomer is added.

Answer

head polymerization

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The synthesis of polynucleotides and some simple polysaccharides occurs by tail polymerization, for example, whereas the synthesis of [...] occurs by a head polymerization process growing polymer, and it must therefore be regenerated each time that a monomer is added.

Answer

proteins

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A simple mac hine learning algorithm called [...] can determine whether to recommend cesarean delivery ( Mor-Y osef 1990 et al. , ). A simple machine learning algorithm called naiv e Ba y es can separate legitimate e-mail from spam e-mail.

Answer

logistic regression

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A simple mac hine learning algorithm called logistic regression can determine whether to recommend cesarean delivery ( Mor-Y osef 1990 et al. , ). A simple machine learning algorithm called naiv e Ba y es can separate legitimate e-mail from spam e-m

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A simple mac hine learning algorithm called logistic regression can [...] ( Mor-Y osef 1990 et al. , ). A simple machine learning algorithm called naiv e Ba y es can separate legitimate e-mail from spam e-mail.

Answer

determine whether to recommend cesarean delivery

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A simple mac hine learning algorithm called logistic regression can determine whether to recommend cesarean delivery ( Mor-Y osef 1990 et al. , ). A simple machine learning algorithm called [...] can separate legitimate e-mail from spam e-mail.

Answer

naiv e Ba y es

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separate legitimate e-mail from spam e-mail.

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ml>A simple mac hine learning algorithm called logistic regression can determine whether to recommend cesarean delivery ( Mor-Y osef 1990 et al. , ). A simple machine learning algorithm called naiv e Ba y es can separate legitimate e-mail from spam e-mail.<html>

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glycolysis—from the Greek [...]

Answer

glukus, “sweet,” and lusis, “rupture.”

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glycolysis—from the Greek glukus, “sweet,” and lusis, “rupture.”

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Annotation 1480995245324

Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth

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Bacteria - Wikipedia
([imagelink] i /bækˈtɪəriə/; common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, [4] and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiot

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