# on 20-Feb-2017 (Mon)

#### Flashcard 1429116947724

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#sister-miriam-joseph #trivium
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[...] is knowledge of proximate causes (physics, mathematics, economics, etc.)
Science

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Science is knowledge of proximate causes (physics, mathematics, economics, etc.)

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#### Flashcard 1442965753100

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#3-1-profit-maximization #cfa-level-1 #economics #microeconomics #reading-15-demand-and-supply-analysis-the-firm #section-3-analysis-of-revenue-costs-and-profit #study-session-4
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Revenue comes from [...], and cost comes from the [...] in the production of those products.
the demand for the firm’s products

acquisition and utilization of the firm’s inputs

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Because profit is the difference between revenue and cost, an understanding of profit maximization requires that we examine both of those components. Revenue comes from the demand for the firm’s products, and cost comes from the acquisition and utilization of the firm’s inputs in the production of those products.

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3. ANALYSIS OF REVENUE, COSTS, AND PROFITS
Total variable cost divided by quantity; (TVC ÷ Q) Average total cost (ATC) Total cost divided by quantity; (TC ÷ Q) or (AFC + AVC) Marginal cost (MC) Change in total cost divided by change in quantity; (∆TC ÷ ∆Q) <span>3.1. Profit Maximization In free markets—and even in regulated market economies—profit maximization tends to promote economic welfare and a higher standard of living, and creates wealth for investors. Profit motivates businesses to use resources efficiently and to concentrate on activities in which they have a competitive advantage. Most economists believe that profit maximization promotes allocational efficiency—that resources flow into their highest valued uses. Overall, the functions of profit are as follows: Rewards entrepreneurs for risk taking when pursuing business ventures to satisfy consumer demand. Allocates resources to their most-efficient use; input factors flow from sectors with economic losses to sectors with economic profit, where profit reflects goods most desired by society. Spurs innovation and the development of new technology. Stimulates business investment and economic growth. There are three approaches to calculate the point of profit maximization. First, given that profit is the difference between total revenue and total costs, maximum profit occurs at the output level where this difference is the greatest. Second, maximum profit can also be calculated by comparing revenue and cost for each individual unit of output that is produced and sold. A business increases profit through greater sales as long as per-unit revenue exceeds per-unit cost on the next unit of output sold. Profit maximization takes place at the point where the last individual output unit breaks even. Beyond this point, total profit decreases because the per-unit cost is higher than the per-unit revenue from successive output units. A third approach compares the revenue generated by each resource unit with the cost of that unit. Profit contribution occurs when the revenue from an input unit exceeds its cost. The point of profit maximization is reached when resource units no longer contribute to profit. All three approaches yield the same profit-maximizing quantity of output. (These approaches will be explained in greater detail later.) Because profit is the difference between revenue and cost, an understanding of profit maximization requires that we examine both of those components. Revenue comes from the demand for the firm’s products, and cost comes from the acquisition and utilization of the firm’s inputs in the production of those products. 3.1.1. Total, Average, and Marginal Revenue This section briefly examines demand and revenue in preparation for addressing cost. Unless the firm is a pu

#### Flashcard 1450812247308

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#estrategias
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La [...] conlleva tomar decisiones que se hacen con respecto a la dirección de la organización en su conjunto.

estrategia corporativa

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La estrategia corporativa conlleva tomar decisiones que se hacen con respecto a la dirección de la organización en su conjunto. Esta estrategia se refiere a los asuntos que afectan a la empresa en general, tales

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Estrategia de negocios y corporativa
Estrategia corporativa La estrategia corporativa conlleva tomar decisiones que se hacen con respecto a la dirección de la organización en su conjunto. Esta estrategia se refiere a los asuntos que afectan a la empresa en general, tales como decidir el tamaño y la composición del portafolio de negocios. Estrategia de negocios La estrategia de negocios es la forma en que un negocio compite en un sector particular. Las decisiones estratégicas adop

#### Flashcard 1474570095884

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[...] are those assets that are expected to be consumed or converted into cash in the near future, typically one year or less.

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Current assets are those that are expected to be consumed or converted into cash in the near future, typically one year or less.

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3.1. Financial Statement Elements and Accounts
include the following: intangible assets, such as goodwill;3 property, plant, and equipment used in operations (e.g., land and buildings); other property held for investment, and investments in the securities of other companies. <span>Current assets are those that are expected to be consumed or converted into cash in the near future, typically one year or less. Inventory is the unsold units of product on hand (sometimes referred to as inventory stock). Trade receivables (also referred to as commercial receivables , or simply accounts rec

#### Flashcard 1476237069580

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Decreases to liabilities and owners’ equity are recorded on the [...] side.
left side

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Increases to liabilities and owners’ equity are recorded on the right side of a T-account; decreases to liabilities and owners’ equity are recorded on the left side.

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APPENDIX 23: A DEBIT/CREDIT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
sset, an entry is made to the left-hand side of a T-account. A decrease to an asset is recorded on the right side of a T-account. Liabilities and owners’ equity are referred to as the right side of the balance sheet (and accounting equation). <span>Increases to liabilities and owners’ equity are recorded on the right side of a T-account; decreases to liabilities and owners’ equity are recorded on the left side. At any point in time, the balance in an account is determined by summing all the amounts on the left side of the account, summing all the amounts on the right side of the a

#### Flashcard 1479142673676

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #our-two-minds #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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When [...] surge, it is the emotional mind that captures the upper hand, swamping the rational mind
passions

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When passions surge, it is the emotional mind that captures the upper hand, swamping the rational mind

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#### Flashcard 1479154208012

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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When we are in the grip of craving or fury, head-over- heels in love or recoiling in dread, it is the [...] that has us in its grip.
limbic system

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When we are in the grip of craving or fury, head-over- heels in love or recoiling in dread, it is the limbic system that has us in its grip.

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#### Flashcard 1479160237324

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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[...] allowed an animal to be much smarter in its choices for survival, and to fine-tune its responses to adapt rather than having invariable and automatic reactions.
Learning and memory

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Learning and memory allowed an animal to be much smarter in its choices for survival, and to fine-tune its responses to adapt to changing demands rather than having invariable and automatic reactions.</spa

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#### Flashcard 1479166004492

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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Distinction amongst smells was done by the "[...]," a part of the limbic wiring, and the rudimentary basis of the neocortex.
rhinencephalon," literally, the "nose brain

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The olfactory bulb and the limbic system make distinctions among smells and recognizing them, and so discriminating good from bad. This was done by the "rhinencephalon," literally, the "nose brain," a part of the limbic wiring, and the rudimentary basis of the neocortex, the thinking brain.

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#### Flashcard 1479601949964

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#finance #has-images #steiner-mastering-financial-calculations-3ed
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These relationships can be reversed to give:

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#### Flashcard 1479604047116

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#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
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[...] ( Rumelhart et al. , ; , ). This algorithm has w axed and w aned in p opularity 1986a LeCun 1987 but as of this writing is currently the dominant approach to training deep mo dels.
back-propagation algorithm

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back-propagation algorithm ( Rumelhart et al. , ; , ). This algorithm has w axed and w aned in p opularity 1986a LeCun 1987 but as of this writing is currently the dominant approach to training deep mo dels.</spa

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#### Flashcard 1479605619980

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#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
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[...] ( Hin ton et al. , 1986 ). This is the idea that each input to a system should b e represen ted b y man y features, and each feature should b e inv olved in the representation of many p ossible inputs.
distributed represen tation

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distributed represen tation ( Hin ton et al. , 1986 ). This is the idea that each input to a system should b e represen ted b y man y features, and each feature should b e inv olved in the representation of many p

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#### Flashcard 1479607192844

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#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
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distributed represen tation ( Hin ton et al. , 1986 ). This is the idea that [...]
each input to a system should b e represen ted b y man y features, and each feature should b e inv olved in the representation of many p ossible inputs.

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distributed represen tation ( Hin ton et al. , 1986 ). This is the idea that each input to a system should b e represen ted b y man y features, and each feature should b e inv olved in the representation of many p ossible inputs.

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#### Flashcard 1479608765708

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#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
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Ho c hreiter and Sc hmidh ub er 1997 ( ) in tro duced the [...] net w ork to resolve some of these diﬃculties. T o da y , the [...] is widely used for many sequence mo deling tasks, including many natural language pro cessing tasks at Go ogle
long short-term memory or LSTM

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Ho c hreiter and Sc hmidh ub er 1997 ( ) in tro duced the long short-term memory or LSTM net w ork to resolve some of these diﬃculties. T o da y , the LSTM is widely used for many sequence mo deling tasks, including many natural language pro cessing tasks at Go ogle<

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#### Flashcard 1479611125004

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#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
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Biological neurons are not esp ecially densely connected. As seen in ﬁgure , 1.10 our mac hine learning mo dels hav e had a num ber of connections p er neuron that w as within an order of magnitude of [...] for decades
even mammalian brains

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Biological neurons are not esp ecially densely connected. As seen in ﬁgure , 1.10 our mac hine learning mo dels hav e had a num ber of connections p er neuron that w as within an order of magnitude of even mammalian brains for decades

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#### Flashcard 1479612697868

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#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
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In terms of the total n um ber of neurons, neural netw orks hav e b een astonishingly small until quite recently , as shown in ﬁgure . Since the introduction of hidden 1.11 units, artiﬁcial neural net w orks hav e doubled in size roughly every [...] years.
2.4

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n terms of the total n um ber of neurons, neural netw orks hav e b een astonishingly small until quite recently , as shown in ﬁgure . Since the introduction of hidden 1.11 units, artiﬁcial neural net w orks hav e doubled in size roughly every <span>2.4 years.<span><body><html>

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#### Flashcard 1479614270732

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#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
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Unless new technologies allo w faster scaling, artiﬁcial neural netw orks will not hav e the same n um b er of neurons as the human brain un til at least the [...]s
2050

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Unless new technologies allo w faster scaling, artiﬁcial neural netw orks will not hav e the same n um b er of neurons as the human brain un til at least the 2050s

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#### Flashcard 1479617416460

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#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
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[...] ( Gra v es 2014a et al. , ) that learn to read from memory cells and write arbitrary conten t to memory cells. Suc h neural net w orks can learn simple programs from examples of desired b ehavior. F or example, they can learn to sort lists of num b ers giv en examples of scrambled and sorted sequences. This self-programming technology is in its infancy , but in the future could in principle b e applied to nearly any task
neural T uring mac hines

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neural T uring mac hines ( Gra v es 2014a et al. , ) that learn to read from memory cells and write arbitrary conten t to memory cells. Suc h neural net w orks can learn simple programs from examples of desired

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#### Flashcard 1479618989324

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#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
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In the con text of [...] an autonomous agen t must learn to p erform a task b y trial and error, without any guidance from the human op erator.
reinforcemen t learning,

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In the con text of reinforcemen t learning, an autonomous agen t must learn to p erform a task b y trial and error, without any guidance from the human op erator.

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#### Flashcard 1479620562188

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#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
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Next, w e describ e the fundamen tal goals of machine learning. W e describe how to accomplish these goals b y [three things]
sp ecifying a mo del that represen ts certain b eliefs, designing a cost function that measures how well those beliefs corresp ond with realit y and using a training algorithm to minimize that cost function.

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Next, w e describ e the fundamen tal goals of machine learning. W e describe how to accomplish these goals b y sp ecifying a mo del that represen ts certain b eliefs, designing a cost function that measures how well those beliefs corresp ond with realit y and using a training algorithm to minimize that cost function.

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#### Flashcard 1479622397196

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#matlab #programming
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[...] returns the scalar 1 (true) if any element of x is non-zero (true)
any(x)

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any(x) returns the scalar 1 (true) if any element of x is non-zero (true)

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#### Flashcard 1479625542924

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#matlab #programming
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any(x) returns the scalar 1 (true) if any element of x is [...]
non-zero (true)

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any(x) returns the scalar 1 (true) if any element of x is non-zero (true)

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#### Flashcard 1479627115788

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#matlab #programming
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[...] returns the scalar 1 if all the elements of x are non-zero
all(x)

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all(x) returns the scalar 1 if all the elements of x are non-zero

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#### Flashcard 1479631834380

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#matlab #programming
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[...] returns 1 if a is a workspace variable. For other possible return values see help. Note that a must be enclosed in apostrophes
exist(’a’)

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exist(’a’) returns 1 if a is a workspace variable. For other possible return values see help. Note that a must be enclosed in apostrophes

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#### Flashcard 1479635766540

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#matlab #programming
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[...] returns a vector containing the subscripts of the non-zero (true) ele- ments of x
find(x)

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find(x) returns a vector containing the subscripts of the non-zero (true) ele- ments of x

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#### Flashcard 1479637339404

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#matlab #programming
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find(x) returns [...]
a vector containing the subscripts of the non-zero (true) ele- ments of x

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find(x) returns a vector containing the subscripts of the non-zero (true) ele- ments of x

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#### Flashcard 1479638912268

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#matlab #programming
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[...] removes all the zero elements from a!
a = a( find(a) )

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a = a( find(a) ) removes all the zero elements from a!

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#### Flashcard 1479640485132

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#matlab #programming
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a = a( find(a) ) [what does it do?]
removes all the zero elements from a!

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a = a( find(a) ) removes all the zero elements from a!

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#### Flashcard 1479642844428

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#matlab #programming
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Another use of find is [...]
in finding the subscripts of the largest (or smallest) elements in a vector, when there is more than one.

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Another use of find is in finding the subscripts of the largest (or smallest) elements in a vector, when there is more than one.

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#### Flashcard 1479644417292

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#matlab #programming
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[...] returns 1 if x is an empty array and 0 otherwise. An empty array has a size of 0-by-0
isempty(x)

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isempty(x) returns 1 if x is an empty array and 0 otherwise. An empty array has a size of 0-by-0

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#### Flashcard 1479645990156

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#matlab #programming
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isempty(x) returns 1 [...] and 0 otherwise. An empty array has a size of 0-by-0
if x is an empty array

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isempty(x) returns 1 if x is an empty array and 0 otherwise. An empty array has a size of 0-by-0

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#### Flashcard 1479647563020

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#matlab #programming
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isempty(x) returns 1 if x is an empty array and 0 otherwise. An empty array has a size of [...]
0-by-0

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isempty(x) returns 1 if x is an empty array and 0 otherwise. An empty array has a size of 0-by-0

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#### Flashcard 1479649135884

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#matlab #programming
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[...] returns 1s for the elements of x which are +Inf or −Inf, and 0s otherwise
isinf(x)

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isinf(x) returns 1s for the elements of x which are +Inf or −Inf, and 0s otherwise

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#### Flashcard 1479652281612

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#matlab #programming
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[...] returns 1s where the elements of x are NaN and 0s otherwise. This function may be used to remove NaNs from a set of data.
isnan(x)

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isnan(x) returns 1s where the elements of x are NaN and 0s otherwise. This function may be used to remove NaNs from a set of data.

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#### Flashcard 1479653854476

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#matlab #programming
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isnan(x) returns 1s where the elements of x are [...] and 0s otherwise. This function may be used to remove NaNs from a set of data.
NaN

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isnan(x) returns 1s where the elements of x are NaN and 0s otherwise. This function may be used to remove NaNs from a set of data.

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#### Flashcard 1479655427340

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#biochem #biology #cell
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Note that the C–H bond oxi- dation energy in step 6 drives the formation of both [...]. The breakage of the high-energy bond then drives ATP forma- tion
NADH and a high-energy phosphate bond

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Note that the C–H bond oxi- dation energy in step 6 drives the formation of both NADH and a high-energy phosphate bond. The breakage of the high-energy bond then drives ATP forma- tion

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#### Flashcard 1479657000204

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#biochem #biology #cell
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Note that the [...] in step 6 drives the formation of both NADH and a high-energy phosphate bond. The breakage of the high-energy bond then drives ATP forma- tion
C–H bond oxi- dation energy

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Note that the C–H bond oxi- dation energy in step 6 drives the formation of both NADH and a high-energy phosphate bond. The breakage of the high-energy bond then drives ATP forma- tion

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#### Flashcard 1479658573068

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#biochem #biology #cell
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Note that the C–H bond oxi- dation energy in step 6 drives the formation of both NADH and a high-energy phosphate bond. The breakage of the high-energy bond then drives [...]
ATP forma- tion

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Note that the C–H bond oxi- dation energy in step 6 drives the formation of both NADH and a high-energy phosphate bond. The breakage of the high-energy bond then drives ATP forma- tion

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#### Flashcard 1479660145932

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#biochem #biology #cell
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Note that the C–H bond oxi- dation energy in step 6 drives the formation of both NADH and a high-energy phosphate bond. The [...] then drives ATP forma- tion
breakage of the high-energy bond

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Note that the C–H bond oxi- dation energy in step 6 drives the formation of both NADH and a high-energy phosphate bond. The breakage of the high-energy bond then drives ATP forma- tion

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#### Flashcard 1479663291660

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#biochem #biology #cell
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To compensate for long periods of fasting, animals store fatty acids as fat droplets composed of water-insoluble [...]
triacylglycerols (also called triglycerides).

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To compensate for long periods of fasting, animals store fatty acids as fat droplets composed of water-insoluble triacylglycerols (also called triglycerides).

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#### Flashcard 1479664864524

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#biochem #biology #cell
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When cells need more ATP than they can generate from the food molecules taken in from the bloodstream, they break down glycogen in a reaction that produces [...], which is rapidly converted to glucose 6-phosphate for gly- colysis
glucose 1-phosphate

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When cells need more ATP than they can generate from the food molecules taken in from the bloodstream, they break down glycogen in a reaction that produces glucose 1-phosphate, which is rapidly converted to glucose 6-phosphate for gly- colysis

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#### Flashcard 1479666437388

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#biochem #biology #cell
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When cells need more ATP than they can generate from the food molecules taken in from the bloodstream, they break down glycogen in a reaction that produces glucose 1-phosphate, which is rapidly converted to [...] for gly- colysis
glucose 6-phosphate

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ml>When cells need more ATP than they can generate from the food molecules taken in from the bloodstream, they break down glycogen in a reaction that produces glucose 1-phosphate, which is rapidly converted to glucose 6-phosphate for gly- colysis<html>

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#### Flashcard 1479668010252

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#biochem #biology #cell
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he oxidation of a gram of fat releases about [...] energy as the oxidation of a gram of glycogen
twice as much

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he oxidation of a gram of fat releases about twice as much energy as the oxidation of a gram of glycogen

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#### Flashcard 1479669583116

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#biochem #biology #cell
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Moreover, glycogen differs from fat in binding a great deal of water, producing a [...] difference in the actual mass of glycogen required to store the same amount of energy as fat.
sixfold

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Moreover, glycogen differs from fat in binding a great deal of water, producing a sixfold difference in the actual mass of glycogen required to store the same amount of energy as fat.

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#### Flashcard 1479671155980

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#biochem #biology #cell
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If our main fuel reservoir had to be carried as glycogen instead of fat, body weight would increase by an average of about [...]
60 pounds

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If our main fuel reservoir had to be carried as glycogen instead of fat, body weight would increase by an average of about 60 pounds

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#### Flashcard 1479672728844

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#biochem #biology #cell
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The fats in plants are [...], just like the fats in animals, and differ only in the types of fatty acids that predominate
triacyl-glyc- erols (triglycerides)

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The fats in plants are triacyl-glyc- erols (triglycerides), just like the fats in animals, and differ only in the types of fatty acids that predominate

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#### Flashcard 1479674301708

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The [...] ( , ) w as an early mo del (1943) of brain function.
McCulloch-Pitts Neuron

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The McCullo ch-Pitts Neuron ( , ) w as an early mo del McCullo ch and Pitts 1943 of brain function.

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#### Flashcard 1479678233868

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This linear mo del (Mucollach-Piits Neuron model) could recognize tw o diﬀeren t categories of inputs b y testing whether f ( x w , ) is p ositiv e or negative. Of course, for the mo del to corresp ond to the desired deﬁnition of the categories, the w eigh ts needed to b e set correctly . These w eigh ts could b e set by [...]
the human op erator.

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categories of inputs b y testing whether f ( x w , ) is p ositiv e or negative. Of course, for the mo del to corresp ond to the desired deﬁnition of the categories, the w eigh ts needed to b e set correctly . These w eigh ts could b e set by <span>the human op erator.<span><body><html>

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#### Flashcard 1479679806732

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This linear mo del [...] could recognize tw o diﬀeren t categories of inputs b y testing whether f ( x w , ) is p ositiv e or negative. Of course, for the mo del to corresp ond to the desired deﬁnition of the categories, the w eigh ts needed to b e set correctly . These w eigh ts could b e set by the human op erator.
(Mucollach-Piits Neuron model)

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This linear mo del (Mucollach-Piits Neuron model) could recognize tw o diﬀeren t categories of inputs b y testing whether f ( x w , ) is p ositiv e or negative. Of course, for the mo del to corresp ond to the desired deﬁnition of the c

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#### Flashcard 1479681379596

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This linear mo del (Mucollach-Piits Neuron model) could recognize tw o diﬀeren t categories of inputs b y [...]. Of course, for the mo del to corresp ond to the desired deﬁnition of the categories, the w eigh ts needed to b e set correctly . These w eigh ts could b e set by the human op erator.
testing whether f ( x w , ) is p ositiv e or negative

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This linear mo del (Mucollach-Piits Neuron model) could recognize tw o diﬀeren t categories of inputs b y testing whether f ( x w , ) is p ositiv e or negative. Of course, for the mo del to corresp ond to the desired deﬁnition of the categories, the w eigh ts needed to b e set correctly . These w eigh ts could b e set by the human op erator.</

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#### Flashcard 1479682952460

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[...], whic h dates from ab out the same time, simply returned the v alue of f ( x ) itself to predict a real num ber ( Widrow and Hoﬀ 1960 , ), and could also learn to predict these num bers from data.

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The adaptiv e linear elemen t (AD ALINE), whic h dates from ab out the same time, simply returned the v alue of f ( x ) itself to predict a real num ber ( Widrow and Hoﬀ 1960 , ), and could also learn to predict these num bers

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#### Flashcard 1479684525324

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The adaptiv e linear elemen t (AD ALINE), whic h dates from ab out the same time, simply returned the [...] ( Widrow and Hoﬀ 1960 , ), and could also learn to predict these num bers from data.
v alue of f ( x ) itself to predict a real num ber

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The adaptiv e linear elemen t (AD ALINE), whic h dates from ab out the same time, simply returned the v alue of f ( x ) itself to predict a real num ber ( Widrow and Hoﬀ 1960 , ), and could also learn to predict these num bers from data.

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#### Flashcard 1479686098188

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The training algorithm used to adapt the weigh ts of the ADALINE w as a sp ecial case of an algorithm called [...] . Sligh tly mo diﬁed versions of the [...] algorithm remain the dominan t training algorithms for deep learning mo dels to da y .
sto c hastic gradien t descen t

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The training algorithm used to adapt the weigh ts of the ADALINE w as a sp ecial case of an algorithm called sto c hastic gradien t descen t . Sligh tly mo diﬁed versions of the sto c hastic gradien t descent algorithm remain the dominan t training algorithms for deep learning mo dels to da y .

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Mo dels based on the f ( x w , ) used b y the p erceptron and ADALINE are called [...] . These mo dels remain some of the most widely used machine learning mo dels, though in man y cases they are tr aine d in diﬀerent wa ys than the original mo dels were trained
linear mo dels

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Mo dels based on the f ( x w , ) used b y the p erceptron and ADALINE are called linear mo dels . These mo dels remain some of the most widely used machine learning mo dels, though in man y cases they are tr aine d in diﬀerent wa ys than the original mo dels were trained</s

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Linear mo dels hav e many limitations. Most famously , they cannot [...]
learn the X OR function,

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Linear mo dels hav e many limitations. Most famously , they cannot learn the X OR function,

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#### Flashcard 1479694748940

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The [...] ( F ukushima 1980 , ) in tro duced a p ow erful mo del architecture for pro cessing images that was inspired b y the structure of the mammalian visual system and later b ecame the basis for the mo dern conv olutional netw ork
Neo cognitron

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The Neo cognitron ( F ukushima 1980 , ) in tro duced a p ow erful mo del architecture for pro cessing images that was inspired b y the structure of the mammalian visual system and later b ecame the basis

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The Neo cognitron ( F ukushima 1980 , ) in tro duced a p ow erful mo del architecture for pro cessing images that was inspired b y the structure of the mammalian visual system and later b ecame the basis for [...]
the mo dern conv olutional netw ork

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tml>The Neo cognitron ( F ukushima 1980 , ) in tro duced a p ow erful mo del architecture for pro cessing images that was inspired b y the structure of the mammalian visual system and later b ecame the basis for the mo dern conv olutional netw ork<html>

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#### Flashcard 1479699467532

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Most neural net w orks to da y are based on a model neuron called 9.10 the [...]
rectiﬁed linear unit .

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Most neural net w orks to da y are based on a model neuron called 9.10 the rectiﬁed linear unit .

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#### Flashcard 1479701040396

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The connectionists b egan to study mo dels of cognition that could actually b e grounded in neural implemen tations ( T ouretzky and Minton 1985 , ), reviving many ideas dating back to the work of psychologist [...] in the 1940s
Donald Hebb

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l>The connectionists b egan to study mo dels of cognition that could actually b e grounded in neural implemen tations ( T ouretzky and Minton 1985 , ), reviving many ideas dating back to the work of psychologist Donald Hebb in the 1940s<html>

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#### Flashcard 1479702613260

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The [...] b egan to study mo dels of cognition that could actually b e grounded in neural implemen tations ( T ouretzky and Minton 1985 , ), reviving many ideas dating back to the work of psychologist Donald Hebb in the 1940s
connectionists

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The connectionists b egan to study mo dels of cognition that could actually b e grounded in neural implemen tations ( T ouretzky and Minton 1985 , ), reviving many ideas dating back to the work of psychol

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#### Flashcard 1479704186124

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The central idea in connectionism is [...]
that a large num ber of simple computational units can ac hiev e in telligen t behavior when net w ork ed together.

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The central idea in connectionism is that a large num ber of simple computational units can ac hiev e in telligen t behavior when net w ork ed together.

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#### Flashcard 1479705758988

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#matlab #programming
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How do you check if two vectors are different?
This is where any comes in: if any(a ~= b)

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if a ~= b % wrong wrong wrong!!! statement end However this will not work, since statement will only execute if each of the cor- responding elements of a and b differ. This is where any comes in: if any(a ~= b) % right right right!!! statement end

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#### Annotation 1479724371212

ボルトロン - Wikipedia
ボルトロン 出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 移動先: 案内、 検索 ボルトロン(Voltron: Defender of the Universe)は、アメリカ合衆国のテレビアニメシリーズ。バルトロンと表記する資料もある [1] 。 1984年から1985年まで全125話が<span>放送された第1シーズンはいずれも東映とバンダイが制作に関わった『百獣王ゴライオン』と『機甲艦隊ダイラガーXV』という全く関連性のない2つのアニメを統合して作られたハイパーリンク形式によるストーリーとなっている [2] 。1990年代に放送された第2シーズンは当時のCGI技術を用いて制作が行われた。後にこの作品の英語版が北米の製作・配給会社ワールド・イベント・プロダクションズ

Article 1479757139212

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

Revenue is the top line in an income statement, so we begin the discussion of line items in the income statement with revenue recognition. We will first discuss revenue recognition under IFRS and US GAAP prior to the application of converged standards issued May 2014. In May 2014, the IASB and FASB each issued a new standard for revenue recognition. The nearly identical standards result from an effort to achieve convergence, consistency, and transparency in revenue recognition globally. The standards are effective for reporting periods beginning after 1 January 2017 under IFRS and after 15 December 2016 under US GAAP. Early adoption is permitted under IFRS. Key aspects and some implications of the standards are discussed at the end of this section. A first task is to explain some relevant accounting terminology. The terms revenue, sales, gains, losses, and net income (profit, net earnings) have been briefly defined. The IASB Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements (r

#### Annotation 1479758712076

The IASB Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements Income definitions:

Income is increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants.

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
ramework”) further defines and discusses these income statement items. The Framework explains that profit is a frequently used measure of performance and is composed of income and expenses.9 It defines income as follows: <span>Income is increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants.10 In IFRS, the term “income” includes revenue and gains. Gains are similar to revenue, but they typically arise from secondary or peripheral activities rather than f

#### Annotation 1479761333516

for a restaurant, the sale of surplus restaurant equipment for more than its carrying value is referred to as a gain rather than as revenue.

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
0 In IFRS, the term “income” includes revenue and gains. Gains are similar to revenue, but they typically arise from secondary or peripheral activities rather than from a company’s primary business activities. For example, <span>for a restaurant, the sale of surplus restaurant equipment for more than its carrying value is referred to as a gain rather than as revenue. Similarly, a loss typically arises from secondary activities. Gains and losses may be considered part of operating activities (e.g., a loss due to a decline in the value of inventory) o

#### Flashcard 1479762382092

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for a restaurant, the sale of surplus restaurant equipment for more than its carrying value is referred to as a [...] rather than as [...].
gain

revenue

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for a restaurant, the sale of surplus restaurant equipment for more than its carrying value is referred to as a gain rather than as revenue.

#### Original toplevel document

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
0 In IFRS, the term “income” includes revenue and gains. Gains are similar to revenue, but they typically arise from secondary or peripheral activities rather than from a company’s primary business activities. For example, <span>for a restaurant, the sale of surplus restaurant equipment for more than its carrying value is referred to as a gain rather than as revenue. Similarly, a loss typically arises from secondary activities. Gains and losses may be considered part of operating activities (e.g., a loss due to a decline in the value of inventory) o

#### Annotation 1479764741388

General Principles of revenue recognition

An important aspect concerning revenue recognition is that it can occur independently of cash movements. For example, assume a company sells goods to a buyer on credit, so does not actually receive cash until some later time. A fundamental principle of accrual accounting is that revenue is recognized (reported on the income statement) when it is earned, so the company’s financial records reflect revenue from the sale when the risk and reward of ownership is transferred; this is often when the company delivers the goods or services. If the delivery was on credit, a related asset, such as trade or accounts receivable, is created. Later, when cash changes hands, the company’s financial records simply reflect that cash has been received to settle an account receivable. Similarly, there are situations when a company receives cash in advance and actually delivers the product or service later, perhaps over a period of time. In this case, the company would record a liability for unearned revenue when the cash is initially received, and revenue would be recognized as being earned over time as products and services are delivered. An example would be a subscription payment received for a publication that is to be delivered periodically over time.

When to recognize revenue (when to report revenue on the income statement) is a critical issue in accounting. IFRS specify that revenue from the sale of goods is to be recognized (reported on the income statement) when the following conditions are satisfied:11

• the entity has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;

• the entity retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;

• the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;

• it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; and

• the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

In simple words, this basically says revenue is recognized when the seller no longer bears risks with respect to the goods (for example, if the goods were destroyed by fire, it would be a loss to the purchaser), the seller cannot tell the purchaser what to do with the goods, the seller knows what it expects to collect and is reasonably certain of collection, and the seller knows how much the goods cost.

IFRS note that the transfer of the risks and rewards of ownership normally occurs when goods are delivered to the buyer or when legal title to goods transfers. However, as noted by the above remaining conditions, physical transfer of goods will not always result in the recognition of revenue. For example, if goods are delivered to a retail store to be sold on consignment and title is not transferred, the revenue would not yet be recognized.12

IFRS specify similar criteria for recognizing revenue for the rendering of services.13 When the outcome of a transaction involving the rendering of services can be estimated reliably, revenue associated with the transaction shall be recognized by reference to the stage of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date. The outcome of a transaction can be estimated reliably when all the foll

...

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Annotation 1479766576396

A fundamental principle of accrual accounting is that revenue is recognized when it is earned, so the company’s financial records reflect revenue from the sale when the risk and reward of ownership is transferred; this is often when the company delivers the goods or services.

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body>An important aspect concerning revenue recognition is that it can occur independently of cash movements. For example, assume a company sells goods to a buyer on credit, so does not actually receive cash until some later time. A fundamental principle of accrual accounting is that revenue is recognized (reported on the income statement) when it is earned, so the company’s financial records reflect revenue from the sale when the risk and reward of ownership is transferred; this is often when the company delivers the goods or services. If the delivery was on credit, a related asset, such as trade or accounts receivable, is created. Later, when cash changes hands, the company’s financial records simply reflect that cas

#### Original toplevel document

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Flashcard 1479768411404

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Question
A company’s financial records should reflect revenue from the sale when the [...] and [...] of ownership is transferred.
risk and reward

This is often when the company delivers the goods or services.

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A fundamental principle of accrual accounting is that revenue is recognized when it is earned, so the company’s financial records reflect revenue from the sale when the risk and reward of ownership is transferred; this is often when the company delivers the goods or services.

#### Original toplevel document

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Annotation 1479770770700

IFRS specify that revenue from the sale of goods is to be recognized (reported on the income statement) when the following conditions are satisfied:

• the entity has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;

• the entity retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;

• the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;

• it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; and

• the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

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. An example would be a subscription payment received for a publication that is to be delivered periodically over time. When to recognize revenue (when to report revenue on the income statement) is a critical issue in accounting. <span>IFRS specify that revenue from the sale of goods is to be recognized (reported on the income statement) when the following conditions are satisfied:11 the entity has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods; the entity retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold; the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. In simple words, this basically says revenue is recognized when the seller no longer bears risks with respect to the goods (for example, if the goods were destroyed

#### Original toplevel document

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Flashcard 1479772605708

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Question

IFRS specify that revenue from the sale of goods is to be recognized when the following conditions are satisfied:

• the amount of revenue can be [...];

measured reliably

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ds of ownership of the goods; the entity retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold; the amount of revenue can be <span>measured reliably; it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect o

#### Original toplevel document

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Flashcard 1479774965004

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Question

IFRS specify that revenue from the sale of goods is to be recognized when the following conditions are satisfied:

• it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction [...]

will flow to the entity

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inuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold; the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; it is probable that the economic benefits <span>associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. <span><body><html>

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3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Flashcard 1479777324300

Tags
Question

IFRS specify that revenue from the sale of goods is to be recognized when the following conditions are satisfied:

• the [...] in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

costs incurred or to be incurred

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effective control over the goods sold; the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; and the <span>costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. <span><body><html>

#### Original toplevel document

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Annotation 1479779683596

In simple words revenue is recognized when

The seller no longer bears risks with respect to the goods (for example, if the goods were destroyed by fire, it would be a loss to the purchaser),

The seller cannot tell the purchaser what to do with the goods,

The seller knows what it expects to collect and is reasonably certain of collection,

The seller knows how much the goods cost

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it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. <span>In simple words, this basically says revenue is recognized when the seller no longer bears risks with respect to the goods (for example, if the goods were destroyed by fire, it would be a loss to the purchaser), the seller cannot tell the purchaser what to do with the goods, the seller knows what it expects to collect and is reasonably certain of collection, and the seller knows how much the goods cost. IFRS note that the transfer of the risks and rewards of ownership normally occurs when goods are delivered to the buyer or when legal title to goods transfers. However, as

#### Original toplevel document

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Flashcard 1479782042892

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Question
In simple words revenue is recognized when

The seller no longer [...]

bears risks with respect to the goods

(If the goods were destroyed, it would be a loss to the purchaser),

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In simple words revenue is recognized when The seller no longer bears risks with respect to the goods (for example, if the goods were destroyed by fire, it would be a loss to the purchaser), The seller cannot tell the purchaser what to do with the goods, The seller

#### Original toplevel document

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Flashcard 1479784402188

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Question
In simple words revenue is recognized when

The seller cannot tell [...],

the purchaser what to do with the goods

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>In simple words revenue is recognized when The seller no longer bears risks with respect to the goods (for example, if the goods were destroyed by fire, it would be a loss to the purchaser), The seller cannot tell the purchaser what to do with the goods, The seller knows what it expects to collect and is reasonably certain of collection, The seller knows how much the goods cost<span><body><html>

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3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Flashcard 1479786761484

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Question
In simple words revenue is recognized when

The seller knows what it expects to collect and [...],
is reasonably certain of collection

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espect to the goods (for example, if the goods were destroyed by fire, it would be a loss to the purchaser), The seller cannot tell the purchaser what to do with the goods, The seller knows what it expects to collect and <span>is reasonably certain of collection, The seller knows how much the goods cost<span><body><html>

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3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Flashcard 1479789120780

Tags
Question
In simple words revenue is recognized when

The seller knows how much the goods [...]
cost

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loss to the purchaser), The seller cannot tell the purchaser what to do with the goods, The seller knows what it expects to collect and is reasonably certain of collection, The seller knows how much the goods <span>cost<span><body><html>

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3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

#### Flashcard 1479798557964

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Question
With long-term contracts where the outcome can be reliably measured, the [...] method of revenue recognition is used.
percentage-of-completion

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#### Flashcard 1479801965836

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Question
With real estate sales where there is doubt about the buyer’s ability to complete payments, the [...] and cost recovery method of revenue recognition are used.
installment method

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#### Flashcard 1479804587276

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With real estate sales where there is doubt about the buyer’s ability to complete payments, the installment method and [...] method of revenue recognition are used.
cost recovery

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Article 1479806422284

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts

A long-term contract is one that spans a number of accounting periods. Such contracts raise issues in determining when the earnings process has been completed and revenue recognition should occur. How should a company apportion the revenue earned under a long-term contract to each accounting period? If, for example, the contract is a service contract or a licensing arrangement, the company may recognize the revenue on a prorated basis over the period of time of the contract rather than at the end of the contract term. Under IFRS, this may be done using the percentage-of-completion method.16 Under the percentage-of-completion method, revenue is recognized based on the stage of completion of a transaction or contract and is, thus, recognized when the services are rendered. Construction contracts are examples of contracts that may span a number of accounting periods and that may use the percentage-of-completion method.17 IFRS provide that when the outcome of a construction contract can be measured relia

#### Annotation 1479807995148

A long-term contract is one that spans a number of accounting periods.

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
A long-term contract is one that spans a number of accounting periods. Such contracts raise issues in determining when the earnings process has been completed and revenue recognition should occur. How should a company apportion the revenue earned under a l

#### Flashcard 1479809043724

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Question
A long-term contract is one that [...].
spans a number of accounting periods

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A long-term contract is one that spans a number of accounting periods.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
A long-term contract is one that spans a number of accounting periods. Such contracts raise issues in determining when the earnings process has been completed and revenue recognition should occur. How should a company apportion the revenue earned under a l

#### Annotation 1479810616588

Under the percentage-of-completion method, revenue is recognized based on the stage of completion of a transaction or contract and is, thus, recognized when the services are rendered.

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
a licensing arrangement, the company may recognize the revenue on a prorated basis over the period of time of the contract rather than at the end of the contract term. Under IFRS, this may be done using the percentage-of-completion method.16 <span>Under the percentage-of-completion method, revenue is recognized based on the stage of completion of a transaction or contract and is, thus, recognized when the services are rendered. Construction contracts are examples of contracts that may span a number of accounting periods and that may use the percentage-of-completion method.17 IFRS provide that when the outcome

#### Flashcard 1479811665164

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Question
Under the [...] method, revenue is recognized based on the stage of completion of a transaction or contract and is, thus, recognized when the services are rendered.
percentage-of-completion

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Under the percentage-of-completion method, revenue is recognized based on the stage of completion of a transaction or contract and is, thus, recognized when the services are rendered.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
a licensing arrangement, the company may recognize the revenue on a prorated basis over the period of time of the contract rather than at the end of the contract term. Under IFRS, this may be done using the percentage-of-completion method.16 <span>Under the percentage-of-completion method, revenue is recognized based on the stage of completion of a transaction or contract and is, thus, recognized when the services are rendered. Construction contracts are examples of contracts that may span a number of accounting periods and that may use the percentage-of-completion method.17 IFRS provide that when the outcome

#### Annotation 1479813238028

Construction contracts are examples of contracts that may span a number of accounting periods and that may use the percentage-of-completion method.

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
s may be done using the percentage-of-completion method.16 Under the percentage-of-completion method, revenue is recognized based on the stage of completion of a transaction or contract and is, thus, recognized when the services are rendered. <span>Construction contracts are examples of contracts that may span a number of accounting periods and that may use the percentage-of-completion method.17 IFRS provide that when the outcome of a construction contract can be measured reliably, revenue and expenses should be recognized in reference to the stage of completion. US GAAP have

#### Flashcard 1479814286604

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Question
[...] contracts are examples of long-term contracts that may use the percentage-of-completion method.
Construction

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Construction contracts are examples of contracts that may span a number of accounting periods and that may use the percentage-of-completion method.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
s may be done using the percentage-of-completion method.16 Under the percentage-of-completion method, revenue is recognized based on the stage of completion of a transaction or contract and is, thus, recognized when the services are rendered. <span>Construction contracts are examples of contracts that may span a number of accounting periods and that may use the percentage-of-completion method.17 IFRS provide that when the outcome of a construction contract can be measured reliably, revenue and expenses should be recognized in reference to the stage of completion. US GAAP have

#### Annotation 1479816645900

Under the percentage-of-completion method, in each accounting period, the company estimates what percentage of the contract is complete and then reports that percentage of the total contract revenue in its income statement.

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
e of a construction contract can be measured reliably, revenue and expenses should be recognized in reference to the stage of completion. US GAAP have similar requirements for long-term contracts including construction contracts. <span>Under the percentage-of-completion method, in each accounting period, the company estimates what percentage of the contract is complete and then reports that percentage of the total contract revenue in its income statement. Contract costs for the period are expensed against the revenue. Therefore, net income or profit is reported each year as work is performed. Under IFRS, if the outcome of th

#### Flashcard 1479817694476

Tags
Question
Under the percentage-of-completion method, in each accounting period, the company [...] and then reports that percentage of the total contract revenue in its income statement.
estimates what percentage of the contract is complete

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Under the percentage-of-completion method, in each accounting period, the company estimates what percentage of the contract is complete and then reports that percentage of the total contract revenue in its income statement.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
e of a construction contract can be measured reliably, revenue and expenses should be recognized in reference to the stage of completion. US GAAP have similar requirements for long-term contracts including construction contracts. <span>Under the percentage-of-completion method, in each accounting period, the company estimates what percentage of the contract is complete and then reports that percentage of the total contract revenue in its income statement. Contract costs for the period are expensed against the revenue. Therefore, net income or profit is reported each year as work is performed. Under IFRS, if the outcome of th

#### Annotation 1479819267340

In the % of completion method What happens to costs?

Contract costs for the period are expensed against the revenue.

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
ts. Under the percentage-of-completion method, in each accounting period, the company estimates what percentage of the contract is complete and then reports that percentage of the total contract revenue in its income statement. <span>Contract costs for the period are expensed against the revenue. Therefore, net income or profit is reported each year as work is performed. Under IFRS, if the outcome of the contract cannot be measured reliably, then revenue may be reco

#### Flashcard 1479821102348

Tags
Question
In the % of completion method What happens to costs?

[...]
Contract costs for the period are expensed against the revenue.

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In the % of completion method What happens to costs? Contract costs for the period are expensed against the revenue.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
ts. Under the percentage-of-completion method, in each accounting period, the company estimates what percentage of the contract is complete and then reports that percentage of the total contract revenue in its income statement. <span>Contract costs for the period are expensed against the revenue. Therefore, net income or profit is reported each year as work is performed. Under IFRS, if the outcome of the contract cannot be measured reliably, then revenue may be reco

#### Annotation 1479822675212

Under the completed contract method, the company does not report any income until the contract is substantially finished (the remaining costs and potential risks are insignificant in amount), although provision should be made for expected losses.

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
d incurred. Under this method, no profit is recognized until all the costs had been recovered. Under US GAAP, but not under IFRS, a revenue recognition method used when the outcome cannot be measured reliably is the completed contract method. <span>Under the completed contract method, the company does not report any income until the contract is substantially finished (the remaining costs and potential risks are insignificant in amount), although provision should be made for expected losses. Billings and costs are accumulated on the balance sheet rather than flowing through the income statement. Under US GAAP, the completed contract method is also acceptable when the entity

#### Flashcard 1479823723788

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Question
Under the [...] method, the company does not report any income until the contract is substantially finished, although provision should be made for expected losses.

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Under the completed contract method, the company does not report any income until the contract is substantially finished (the remaining costs and potential risks are insignificant in amount), although provision sho

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
d incurred. Under this method, no profit is recognized until all the costs had been recovered. Under US GAAP, but not under IFRS, a revenue recognition method used when the outcome cannot be measured reliably is the completed contract method. <span>Under the completed contract method, the company does not report any income until the contract is substantially finished (the remaining costs and potential risks are insignificant in amount), although provision should be made for expected losses. Billings and costs are accumulated on the balance sheet rather than flowing through the income statement. Under US GAAP, the completed contract method is also acceptable when the entity

#### Flashcard 1479826083084

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Question
Under the completed contract method, what does it mean for the contract to be substantially finished?
That the remaining costs and potential risks are insignificant in amount

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Under the completed contract method, the company does not report any income until the contract is substantially finished (the remaining costs and potential risks are insignificant in amount), although provision should be made for expected losses.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
d incurred. Under this method, no profit is recognized until all the costs had been recovered. Under US GAAP, but not under IFRS, a revenue recognition method used when the outcome cannot be measured reliably is the completed contract method. <span>Under the completed contract method, the company does not report any income until the contract is substantially finished (the remaining costs and potential risks are insignificant in amount), although provision should be made for expected losses. Billings and costs are accumulated on the balance sheet rather than flowing through the income statement. Under US GAAP, the completed contract method is also acceptable when the entity

#### Flashcard 1479828442380

Tags
Question
Under the completed contract method, billings and costs are accumulated on [...] rather than flowing through the income statement
the balance sheet

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3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
the completed contract method, the company does not report any income until the contract is substantially finished (the remaining costs and potential risks are insignificant in amount), although provision should be made for expected losses. <span>Billings and costs are accumulated on the balance sheet rather than flowing through the income statement. Under US GAAP, the completed contract method is also acceptable when the entity has primarily short-term contracts. Note that if a contract is started and completed in the same period,

#### Annotation 1479830801676

Under US GAAP, the completed contract method is also acceptable when the entity has primarily short-term contracts.

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
y finished (the remaining costs and potential risks are insignificant in amount), although provision should be made for expected losses. Billings and costs are accumulated on the balance sheet rather than flowing through the income statement. <span>Under US GAAP, the completed contract method is also acceptable when the entity has primarily short-term contracts. Note that if a contract is started and completed in the same period, there is no difference between the percentage-of-completion and completed contract methods. Examples 1,

#### Flashcard 1479831850252

Tags
Question
Under US GAAP, the completed contract method is also acceptable when the entity has primarily [...].
short-term contracts

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Under US GAAP, the completed contract method is also acceptable when the entity has primarily short-term contracts.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
y finished (the remaining costs and potential risks are insignificant in amount), although provision should be made for expected losses. Billings and costs are accumulated on the balance sheet rather than flowing through the income statement. <span>Under US GAAP, the completed contract method is also acceptable when the entity has primarily short-term contracts. Note that if a contract is started and completed in the same period, there is no difference between the percentage-of-completion and completed contract methods. Examples 1,

#### Flashcard 1479834209548

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Question
Note that if a contract is [...], there is no difference between the percentage-of-completion and completed contract methods.

started and completed in the same period

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#### Parent (intermediate) annotation

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Under US GAAP, the completed contract method is also acceptable when the entity has primarily short-term contracts.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
y finished (the remaining costs and potential risks are insignificant in amount), although provision should be made for expected losses. Billings and costs are accumulated on the balance sheet rather than flowing through the income statement. <span>Under US GAAP, the completed contract method is also acceptable when the entity has primarily short-term contracts. Note that if a contract is started and completed in the same period, there is no difference between the percentage-of-completion and completed contract methods. Examples 1,

#### Flashcard 1479834733836

Tags
#odersky-programming-in-scala-3ed #scala
Question
So far, the only code you have seen added to packages are classes, traits, and
standalone objects

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#### Annotation 1479837093132

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
If each element is in R , and the vector has n elemen ts, then the v ector lies in the set formed by taking the Cartesian pro duct of R n times, denoted as R n

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#### Annotation 1479838665996

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
W e use the − sign to index the complement of a set. F or example x − 1 is the v ector con taining all elemen ts of x except for x 1 , and x − S is the v ector con taining all of the elements of except for x x 1 , x 3 and x 6

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#### Annotation 1479840238860

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
If a real-v alued matrix A has a height of m and a width of n , then we sa y that A ∈ R m n ×

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#### Annotation 1479841811724

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
W e can identi fy all of the n um b ers with v ertical co ordinate i b y writing a “ ” for the horizontal : co ordinate. F or example, A i, : denotes the horizon tal cross section of A with v ertical co ordinate i

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#### Annotation 1479843384588

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
The transp ose of the matrix can be thought of as a mirror image across the main diagonal.

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#### Annotation 1479844957452

an advantage of the percentage-of-completion method is that it results in better matching of revenue recognition with the accounting period in which it was earned.

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
han the completed contract method and thus may be considered a less conservative approach. In addition, the percentage-of-completion method relies on management estimates and is thus not as objective as the completed contract method. However, <span>an advantage of the percentage-of-completion method is that it results in better matching of revenue recognition with the accounting period in which it was earned. Because of better matching with the periods in which work is performed, the percentage-of-completion method is the preferred method of revenue recognition for long-term contracts and is

#### Annotation 1479846006028

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
f ( A ) i,j giv es elemen t ( i, j ) of the matrix computed by applying the function to . f A

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#### Annotation 1479847841036

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
The transp ose of a matrix is the mirror image of the matrix across a diagonal line, called the main diagonal , running do wn and to the righ t, starting from its upp er left corner.

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#### Annotation 1479849413900

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
F rom this, we can see that a scalar is its own transp ose: a a =

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#### Annotation 1479850986764

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
W e can add matrices to each other, as long as they ha v e the same shap e, just b y adding their corresp onding elemen ts: where C A B = + C i,j = A i,j + B i,j

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#### Annotation 1479852821772

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
W e can also add a scalar to a matrix or multiply a matrix by a scalar, just b y performing that op eration on eac h element of a matrix: D = a · B + c where D i,j = a B · i,j + c

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#### Annotation 1479854394636

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
W e allo w the addition of matrix and a vector, yielding another matrix: C = A + b , where C i,j = A i,j + b j . In other w ords, the vector b is added to each row of the matrix.

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#### Annotation 1479855967500

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
This shorthand eliminates the need to deﬁne a matrix with b copied in to eac h ro w b efore doing the addition. This implicit copying of b to man y lo cations is called . broadcasting

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#### Annotation 1479857540364

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
The matrix pro duct of matrices A and B is a third matrix C . In order for this pro duct to b e deﬁned, A m ust ha v e the same num b er of columns as B has rows. If A is of shap e m n × and B is of shap e n p × , then C is of shap e m p ×

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#### Annotation 1479859113228

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
The pro duct op eration is deﬁned b y C i,j = k A i,k B k,j .

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#### Annotation 1479860686092

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
Note that the standard pro duct of tw o matrices is just a matrix con taining not the pro duct of the individual elements. Suc h an op eration exists and is called the elemen t-wise pro duct Hadamard pro duct or , and is denoted as . A

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#### Annotation 1479862258956

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
The dot product b et ween t w o vectors x and y of the same dimensionality is the matrix pro duct x y . W e can think of the matrix product C = AB as computing C i,j as the dot pro duct b et w een ro w of and column of . i A j B

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#### Annotation 1479863831820

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
F or example, matrix m ultiplication is distributiv e: A B C AB AC ( + ) = + . (2.6) It is also asso ciativ e: A B C AB C ( ) = ( ) . (2.7) Matrix multiplication is commutativ e (the condition not AB = B A do es not alw a ys hold), unlik e scalar multiplication.

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#### Annotation 1479865404684

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
the dot pro duct b etw een tw o v ectors is comm utativ e: x y y = x

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#### Annotation 1479867239692

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
The transp ose of a matrix pro duct has a simple form: $$(AB)^{T} = B^{T}A^{T}$$ . (2.9) This allo ws us to demonstrate equation , b y exploiting the fact that the v alue 2.8 of suc h a pro duct is a scalar and therefore equal to its o wn transp ose:$$x^Ty = (x^Ty)^T = y^T x$$

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#### Annotation 1479868812556

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
Linear algebra oﬀers a p o w erful to ol called matrix in v ersion that allo ws us to analytically solv e equation for many v alues of . 2.11 A

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#### Annotation 1479870123276

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
Linear algebra oﬀers a p o w erful to ol called matrix in v ersion that allo ws us to analytically solv e equation for many v alues of . 2.11 A

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#### Annotation 1479871696140

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
An iden tit y matrix is a matrix that do es not c hange an y vector when we m ultiply that vector by that matrix. W e denote the iden tit y matrix that preserves n -dimensional v ectors as I n . F ormally , I n ∈ R n n × , and ∀ ∈ x R n , I n x x =

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#### Annotation 1479873269004

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
The structure of the identit y matrix is simple: all of the entries along the main diagonal are 1, while all of the other entries are zero

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#### Annotation 1479874841868

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
The matrix in verse of A is denoted as A − 1 , and it is deﬁned as the matrix suc h that A − 1 A I = n

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#### Annotation 1479876414732

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
W e can now solve equation Ax = b by the following steps:
1. A-1Ax = A−1b
2. Inx = A−1b

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#### Annotation 1479877987596

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
How ever, A − 1 is primarily useful as a theoretical to ol, and should not actually b e used in practice for most softw are applications. Because A − 1 can b e represented with only limited precision on a digital computer, algorithms that make use of the v alue of b can usually obtain more accurate estimates of . x

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#### Annotation 1479879560460

#biochem #biology #cell
fatty acids enter the bloodstream, where they bind to the abundant blood protein, serum albumin.

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#### Annotation 1479881133324

#biochem #biology #cell
he citric acid cycle accounts for about two-thirds of the total oxidation of carbon compounds in most cells

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#### Annotation 1479882706188

#biochem #biology #cell
In addition to three molecules of NADH, each turn of the cycle also produces one molecule of FADH 2 (reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide) from FAD (see Figure 2–39), and one mol- ecule of the ribonucleoside triphosphate GTP from GDP

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#### Annotation 1479884279052

#biochem #biology #cell
n total, the complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose to H 2 O and CO 2 is used by the cell to produce about 30 molecules of ATP.

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#### Annotation 1479885851916

#biochem #biology #cell
Most organic nitrogen has been in circulation for some time, passing from one living organism to another. Thus, present-day nitrogen-fixing reactions can be said to perform a “topping-up” function for the total nitrogen supply

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#### Annotation 1479887424780

#biochem #biology #cell
All of the nitrogens in the purine and pyrimidine bases (as well as some of the carbons) are derived from the plentiful amino acids glutamine, aspartic acid, and glycine, whereas the ribose and deoxyribose sugars are derived from glucose.

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#### Annotation 1479888997644

#biochem #biology #cell
Sulfur is abundant on Earth in its most oxidized form, sulfate (SO 4 2– ). To be useful for life, sulfate must be reduced to sulfide (S 2– ), the oxidation state of sulfur required for the synthesis of essential biological molecules, including the amino acids methionine and cysteine, coenzyme A (see Figure 2–39), and the iron-sulfur centers essential for electron transport (see Figure 14–16)

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#### Annotation 1479890570508

#biochem #biology #cell
Humans and other animals cannot reduce sulfate and must therefore acquire the sulfur they need for their metabolism in the food that they eat

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#### Annotation 1479892405516

#biochem #biology #cell
THE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS MBoC6 m2.87/2.62 THREONINE METHIONINE LYSINE VALINE LEUCINE ISOLEUCINE HISTIDINE PHENYLALANINE TRYPTOPHAN Figure 2–62 The nine essential amino acids.

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#### Annotation 1479893978380

#biochem #biology #cell
In contrast, liver cells supply glucose to actively contracting muscle cells and recycle the lactic acid produced by muscle cells back into glucose.

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#### Annotation 1479895813388

#biochem #biology #cell
Is the shared chemistry inside all living cells a clue for deciphering the environment on Earth where the first cells originated? For example, what might we conclude from the universally shared high K + /Na + ratio, neutral pH, and central role of phosphates?

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#### Annotation 1479897648396

#biochem #biology #cell
A 70-kg adult human (154 lb) could meet his or her entire energy needs for one day by eating 3 moles of glucose (540 g)

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#### Annotation 1479899221260

#biochem #biology #cell
Even at 37 o C, 15% of the water molecules are joined to four others in a short-lived assembly known as a “flickering cluster.

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#### Annotation 1479900794124

#biochem #biology #cell
The characteristic “size” for each atom is specified by a unique van der Waals radius. The contact distance between any two noncovalently bonded atoms is the sum of their van der Waals radii

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#### Annotation 1479902366988

#biochem #biology #cell
Glucose is phosphorylated by ATP using hexokinase enzyme to form a sugar phosphate. The negative charge of the phosphate prevents passage of the sugar phosphate through the plasma membrane, trapping glucose inside the cell

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#### Annotation 1479904726284

#biochem #biology #cell
A readily reversible rearrangement of the chemical structure (isomerization) moves the carbonyl oxygen from carbon 1 to carbon 2, forming a ketose from an aldose sugar using phosphoglucose isomerase

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#### Annotation 1479911017740

#biochem #biology #cell
The new hydroxyl group on carbon 1 is phosphorylated by ATP, in preparation for the formation of two three-carbon sugar phosphates. The entry of sugars into glycolysis is controlled at this step, through regulation of the enzyme phosphofructokinase

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#### Annotation 1479913639180

#biochem #biology #cell
The six-carbon sugar is cleaved to produce two three-carbon molecules. Only the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate can proceed immediately through glycolysis.

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#### Annotation 1479915212044

#biochem #biology #cell
The other product of step 4, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, is isomerized to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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#### Annotation 1479918357772

#biochem #biology #cell
The two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are oxidized. The energy-generation phase of glycolysis begins, as NADH and a new high-energy anhydride linkage to phosphate are formed (see Figure 13–5)

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#### Annotation 1479919930636

#biochem #biology #cell
The transfer to ADP of the high-energy phosphate group that was generated in step 6 forms ATP

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#### Annotation 1479923076364

#biochem #biology #cell
The remaining phosphate ester linkage in 3-phosphoglycerate, which has a relatively low free energy of hydrolysis, is moved from carbon 3 to carbon 2 to form 2-phosphoglycerate

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#### Annotation 1479924649228

#biochem #biology #cell
The removal of water from 2-phosphoglycerate creates a high-energy enol phosphate linkage.

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#### Annotation 1479926222092

#biochem #biology #cell
The transfer to ADP of the high-energy phosphate group that was generated in step 9 forms ATP, completing glycolysis

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#### Annotation 1479927794956

#biochem #biology #cell
Proteins constitute most of a cell’s dry mass.

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#### Annotation 1479929367820

#biochem #biology #cell
Individual noncovalent bonds are 30–300 times weaker than the typical covalent bonds that create biological molecules

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#### Annotation 1479931202828

#biochem #biology #cell
Although a protein chain can fold into its correct conformation without out- side help, in a living cell special proteins called molecular chaperones often assist in protein folding. Molecular chaperones bind to partly folded polypeptide chains and help them progress along the most energetically favorable folding pathway. In the crowded conditions of the cytoplasm, chaperones are required to prevent the temporarily exposed hydrophobic regions in newly synthesized protein chains from associating with each other to form protein aggregates (see p. 355). However, the final three-dimensional shape of the protein is still specified by its amino acid sequence: chaperones simply make reaching the folded state more reliable.

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#### Annotation 1479932775692

#biochem #biology #cell
Proteins come in a wide variety of shapes, and most are between 50 and 2000 amino acids long.

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#### Flashcard 1479934348556

Tags
Question
An advantage of the [...] method is that it results in better matching of revenue recognition with the accounting period in which it was earned.
percentage-of-completion

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an advantage of the percentage-of-completion method is that it results in better matching of revenue recognition with the accounting period in which it was earned.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
han the completed contract method and thus may be considered a less conservative approach. In addition, the percentage-of-completion method relies on management estimates and is thus not as objective as the completed contract method. However, <span>an advantage of the percentage-of-completion method is that it results in better matching of revenue recognition with the accounting period in which it was earned. Because of better matching with the periods in which work is performed, the percentage-of-completion method is the preferred method of revenue recognition for long-term contracts and is

#### Annotation 1479936707852

#biochem #biology #cell
protein domains—structural units that fold more or less independently of each other,

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#### Annotation 1479938280716

Because of better matching with the periods in which work is performed, the percentage-of-completion method is the preferred method of revenue recognition for long-term contracts and is required when the outcome can be measured reliably under both IFRS and US GAAP.

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
imates and is thus not as objective as the completed contract method. However, an advantage of the percentage-of-completion method is that it results in better matching of revenue recognition with the accounting period in which it was earned. <span>Because of better matching with the periods in which work is performed, the percentage-of-completion method is the preferred method of revenue recognition for long-term contracts and is required when the outcome can be measured reliably under both IFRS and US GAAP. Under both IFRS and US GAAP, if a loss is expected on the contract, the loss is reported immediately, not upon completion of the contract, regardless of the method used (e.g., percentag

#### Flashcard 1479939329292

Tags
Question
Which method of revenue recognition is required for long-term contracts when the outcome can be measured reliably under both IFRS and US GAAP?
percentage-of-completion

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Because of better matching with the periods in which work is performed, the percentage-of-completion method is the preferred method of revenue recognition for long-term contracts and is required when the outcome can be measured reliably under both IFRS and US GAAP.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
imates and is thus not as objective as the completed contract method. However, an advantage of the percentage-of-completion method is that it results in better matching of revenue recognition with the accounting period in which it was earned. <span>Because of better matching with the periods in which work is performed, the percentage-of-completion method is the preferred method of revenue recognition for long-term contracts and is required when the outcome can be measured reliably under both IFRS and US GAAP. Under both IFRS and US GAAP, if a loss is expected on the contract, the loss is reported immediately, not upon completion of the contract, regardless of the method used (e.g., percentag

#### Annotation 1479940902156

Under both IFRS and US GAAP, if a loss is expected on the contract, the loss is reported immediately, not upon completion of the contract, regardless of the method used.

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
ing with the periods in which work is performed, the percentage-of-completion method is the preferred method of revenue recognition for long-term contracts and is required when the outcome can be measured reliably under both IFRS and US GAAP. <span>Under both IFRS and US GAAP, if a loss is expected on the contract, the loss is reported immediately, not upon completion of the contract, regardless of the method used (e.g., percentage-of-completion or completed contract). <span><body><html>

#### Flashcard 1479942737164

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Question
Under both IFRS and US GAAP, if a loss is expected on the contract, the loss is [...], regardless of the method used.
reported immediately, not upon completion of the contract

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Under both IFRS and US GAAP, if a loss is expected on the contract, the loss is reported immediately, not upon completion of the contract, regardless of the method used.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.1. Long-Term Contracts
ing with the periods in which work is performed, the percentage-of-completion method is the preferred method of revenue recognition for long-term contracts and is required when the outcome can be measured reliably under both IFRS and US GAAP. <span>Under both IFRS and US GAAP, if a loss is expected on the contract, the loss is reported immediately, not upon completion of the contract, regardless of the method used (e.g., percentage-of-completion or completed contract). <span><body><html>

#### Annotation 1479944310028

#bayes #programming #r #statistics
The key application that makes Bayes’ rule so useful is when the row variable represents data values and the column variable represents parameter values.

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Article 1479945882892

3.2.2. Installment Sales

As noted above, revenue is normally reported when goods are delivered or services are rendered, independent of the period in which cash payments for those goods or services are received. This principle applies even to installment sales —sales in which proceeds are to be paid in installments over an extended period. For installment sales, IFRS separate the installments into the sale price, which is the discounted present value of the installment payments, and an interest component. Revenue attributable to the sale price is recognized at the date of sale, and revenue attributable to the interest component is recognized over time.18 International standards note, however, that the guidance for revenue recognition must be considered in light of local laws regarding the sale of goods in a particular country. Under limited circumstances, recognition of revenue or profit may be required to be deferred for some installment sales. An example of such deferral arises for certain sales of real estate on an install

#### Annotation 1479946407180

#bayes #programming #r #statistics
A model of data specifies the probability of particular data values given the model’s structure and parameter values. The model also indicates the probability of the various parameter values. In other words, a model specifies p(data values | parameters values) along with the prior, p(parameters values)

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#### Annotation 1479947980044

#bayes #programming #r #statistics
we use Bayes’ rule to convert that to what we really want to know, which is how strongly we should believe in the various parameter values, given the data: p(parameters values | data values

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#### Annotation 1479949552908

#matlab #programming
As we saw above, use a semi-colon to indicate the end of a row when enter- ing a matrix. Bigger matrices can be constructed from smaller ones, e.g., the statements a=[12;34]; x=[56]; a = [a; x] result in a= 12 34 56

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#### Annotation 1479951125772

#matlab #programming
Instead of a semi-colon, you can use a line-feed (Enter) to indicate the end of arow

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#### Annotation 1479952698636

#matlab #programming
if you assign a value to an element with a subscript which is out of range the matrix is enlarged to accommodate the new element, for example, the assignment a(3,3) = 7 will add a third column to a with 0s everywhere except at a(3,3)

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#### Flashcard 1479954271500

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Question
What is the accounting treatment of a long-term contract under the completed contract method if they spend 3 million?
The \$3 million expenditure would be reported as an increase in the inventory account “construction in progress” and a decrease in cash.

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#### Annotation 1479954795788

#matlab #programming
if a is the matrix a= 123 456 789 the statement a(2:3,1:2) results in 45 78

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#### Annotation 1479956368652

#matlab #programming
the statement a(3,:) results in 789 (returns third row)

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#### Annotation 1479957941516

#matlab #programming
a(1:2,2:3) = ones(2) results in a= 111 411 789 (replaces the 2-by-2 submatrix composed of the first and second row and the second and third column with a square matrix of 1s)

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#### Annotation 1479960825100

#matlab #programming
the colon op- erator is being used to create vector subscripts. However, a colon by itself in place of a subscript denotes all the elements of the corresponding row or column.

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#### Annotation 1479962660108

#matlab #programming
The keyword end refers to the last row or column of an array

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#### Annotation 1479964232972

#matlab #programming
the statement a(:) = b results in a= 15 43 26 (the contents of b are strung out into one long column and then fed into a by columns)

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#### Annotation 1479966592268

#matlab #programming
a(:) = 1:6 (with a as above) results in a= 14 25 36

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#### Annotation 1479968165132

#matlab #programming
Reshaping can also be done with the reshape function

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#### Annotation 1479969737996

#matlab #programming
On the right-hand side of an assignment, a(:) gives all the elements of a strung out by columns in one long column vector

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#### Flashcard 1479971310860

Question
Installment Sales en español
Ventas a plazos

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#### Annotation 1479973145868

#matlab #programming
As a special case, a single colon subscript may be used to replace all the elements of a matrix with a scalar, e.g., a(:) = -1

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#### Annotation 1479974718732

#matlab #programming
Sometimes it is useful to generate a matrix where all the rows or columns are the same. This can be done with the repmat function

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#### Annotation 1479976291596

For installment sales, IFRS separate the installments into the sale price, which is the discounted present value of the installment payments, and an interest component.

3.2.2. Installment Sales
rvices are rendered, independent of the period in which cash payments for those goods or services are received. This principle applies even to installment sales —sales in which proceeds are to be paid in installments over an extended period. <span>For installment sales, IFRS separate the installments into the sale price, which is the discounted present value of the installment payments, and an interest component. Revenue attributable to the sale price is recognized at the date of sale, and revenue attributable to the interest component is recognized over time.18 International standards note, how

#### Flashcard 1479977340172

Tags
Question
For installment sales, IFRS separate the installments into the sale price, which is [...], and an interest component.
the discounted present value of the installment payments

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For installment sales, IFRS separate the installments into the sale price, which is the discounted present value of the installment payments, and an interest component.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.2. Installment Sales
rvices are rendered, independent of the period in which cash payments for those goods or services are received. This principle applies even to installment sales —sales in which proceeds are to be paid in installments over an extended period. <span>For installment sales, IFRS separate the installments into the sale price, which is the discounted present value of the installment payments, and an interest component. Revenue attributable to the sale price is recognized at the date of sale, and revenue attributable to the interest component is recognized over time.18 International standards note, how

#### Annotation 1479978913036

For installment sales under IFRS, Revenue attributable to the sale price is recognized at the date of sale, and revenue attributable to the interest component is recognized over time.

3.2.2. Installment Sales
rvices are rendered, independent of the period in which cash payments for those goods or services are received. This principle applies even to installment sales —sales in which proceeds are to be paid in installments over an extended period. <span>For installment sales, IFRS separate the installments into the sale price, which is the discounted present value of the installment payments, and an interest component. Revenue attributable to the sale price is recognized at the date of sale, and revenue attributable to the interest component is recognized over time.18 International standards note, however, that the guidance for revenue recognition must be considered in light of local laws regarding the sale of goods in a particular country. Under l

#### Annotation 1479979961612

#matlab #programming
Use the colon operator and the empty array to delete entire rows or columns, for example, a(:,2) = [ ] deletes the second column of a

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#### Annotation 1479981534476

#matlab #programming
You can’t delete a single element from a matrix while keeping it a matrix, so a statement like a(1,2) = [ ] results in an error

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#### Annotation 1479983893772

#matlab #programming
using the single subscript notation you can delete a sequence of elements from a matrix and reshape the remaining elements into a row vector

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#### Flashcard 1479985466636

Tags
Question
For installment sales under IFRS, Revenue attributable to the sale price is recognized [...], and revenue attributable to the interest component is recognized over time.
at the date of sale

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For installment sales under IFRS, Revenue attributable to the sale price is recognized at the date of sale, and revenue attributable to the interest component is recognized over time.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.2. Installment Sales
rvices are rendered, independent of the period in which cash payments for those goods or services are received. This principle applies even to installment sales —sales in which proceeds are to be paid in installments over an extended period. <span>For installment sales, IFRS separate the installments into the sale price, which is the discounted present value of the installment payments, and an interest component. Revenue attributable to the sale price is recognized at the date of sale, and revenue attributable to the interest component is recognized over time.18 International standards note, however, that the guidance for revenue recognition must be considered in light of local laws regarding the sale of goods in a particular country. Under l

#### Annotation 1479987039500

International standards note that the guidance for installment sales revenue recognition must be considered in light of local laws regarding the sale of goods in a particular country.

3.2.2. Installment Sales
ch is the discounted present value of the installment payments, and an interest component. Revenue attributable to the sale price is recognized at the date of sale, and revenue attributable to the interest component is recognized over time.18 <span>International standards note, however, that the guidance for revenue recognition must be considered in light of local laws regarding the sale of goods in a particular country. Under limited circumstances, recognition of revenue or profit may be required to be deferred for some installment sales. An example of such deferral arises for certain sales of real est

#### Flashcard 1479989660940

Tags
Question
International standards note that the guidance for installment sales revenue recognition must be considered in light of [...].
local laws regarding the sale of goods in a particular country

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#### Parent (intermediate) annotation

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International standards note that the guidance for installment sales revenue recognition must be considered in light of local laws regarding the sale of goods in a particular country.

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.2. Installment Sales
ch is the discounted present value of the installment payments, and an interest component. Revenue attributable to the sale price is recognized at the date of sale, and revenue attributable to the interest component is recognized over time.18 <span>International standards note, however, that the guidance for revenue recognition must be considered in light of local laws regarding the sale of goods in a particular country. Under limited circumstances, recognition of revenue or profit may be required to be deferred for some installment sales. An example of such deferral arises for certain sales of real est

#### Annotation 1479991233804

Under limited circumstances, recognition of revenue or profit may be required to be deferred for some installment sales. An example of such deferral arises for certain sales of real estate on an installment basis. Revenue recognition for sales of real estate varies depending on specific aspects of the sale transaction.

3.2.2. Installment Sales
attributable to the interest component is recognized over time.18 International standards note, however, that the guidance for revenue recognition must be considered in light of local laws regarding the sale of goods in a particular country. <span>Under limited circumstances, recognition of revenue or profit may be required to be deferred for some installment sales. An example of such deferral arises for certain sales of real estate on an installment basis. Revenue recognition for sales of real estate varies depending on specific aspects of the sale transaction.19 Under US GAAP, when the seller has completed the significant activities in the earnings process and is either assured of collecting the selling price or able to estimate

#### Annotation 1479992806668

Under US GAAP, when the seller has completed the significant activities in the earnings process and is either assured of collecting the selling price or able to estimate amounts that will not be collected, a sale of real estate is reported at the time of sale using the normal revenue recognition conditions

3.2.2. Installment Sales
for some installment sales. An example of such deferral arises for certain sales of real estate on an installment basis. Revenue recognition for sales of real estate varies depending on specific aspects of the sale transaction.19 <span>Under US GAAP, when the seller has completed the significant activities in the earnings process and is either assured of collecting the selling price or able to estimate amounts that will not be collected, a sale of real estate is reported at the time of sale using the normal revenue recognition conditions.20 When those two conditions are not fully met, under US GAAP some of the profit is deferred. Two of the methods may be appropriate in these limited circumstances and relate to the amou

#### Flashcard 1479993855244

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Question
Under US GAAP, when the seller has completed the [...] in the [...] and is either assured of collecting the selling price, a sale of real estate is reported at the time of sale using the normal revenue recognition conditions.
significant activities

earnings process

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Under US GAAP, when the seller has completed the significant activities in the earnings process and is either assured of collecting the selling price or able to estimate amounts that will not be collected, a sale of real estate is reported at the time of sale using the normal reve

#### Original toplevel document

3.2.2. Installment Sales
for some installment sales. An example of such deferral arises for certain sales of real estate on an installment basis. Revenue recognition for sales of real estate varies depending on specific aspects of the sale transaction.19 <span>Under US GAAP, when the seller has completed the significant activities in the earnings process and is either assured of collecting the selling price or able to estimate amounts that will not be collected, a sale of real estate is reported at the time of sale using the normal revenue recognition conditions.20 When those two conditions are not fully met, under US GAAP some of the profit is deferred. Two of the methods may be appropriate in these limited circumstances and relate to the amou

#### Flashcard 1479996214540

Tags
Question
Under US GAAP when do you use the installment method and the cost recovery method ?
When the seller has not completed the significant activities in the earnings process

or if

The seller cannot be assured of collecting the selling price nor able to estimate amounts that will not be collected.

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3.2.2. Installment Sales
for some installment sales. An example of such deferral arises for certain sales of real estate on an installment basis. Revenue recognition for sales of real estate varies depending on specific aspects of the sale transaction.19 <span>Under US GAAP, when the seller has completed the significant activities in the earnings process and is either assured of collecting the selling price or able to estimate amounts that will not be collected, a sale of real estate is reported at the time of sale using the normal revenue recognition conditions.20 When those two conditions are not fully met, under US GAAP some of the profit is deferred. Two of the methods may be appropriate in these limited circumstances and relate to the amou

#### Flashcard 1479998573836

Tags
Question
Under the [...] method, the portion of the total profit of the installment sales that is recognized in each period is determined by the percentage of the total sales price for which the seller has received cash.
installment

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3.2.2. Installment Sales
some of the profit is deferred. Two of the methods may be appropriate in these limited circumstances and relate to the amount of profit to be recognized each year from the transaction: the installment method and the cost recovery method . <span>Under the installment method, the portion of the total profit of the sale that is recognized in each period is determined by the percentage of the total sales price for which the seller has received cash. Under the cost recovery method, the seller does not report any profit until the cash amounts paid by the buyer—including principal and interest on any financing from the seller—are grea

#### Flashcard 1480000933132

Tags
Question
Under the [...] method, the seller does not report any profit until the cash amounts paid by the buyer are greater than all the seller’s costs of the property.
cost recovery method

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3.2.2. Installment Sales
thod and the cost recovery method . Under the installment method, the portion of the total profit of the sale that is recognized in each period is determined by the percentage of the total sales price for which the seller has received cash. <span>Under the cost recovery method, the seller does not report any profit until the cash amounts paid by the buyer—including principal and interest on any financing from the seller—are greater than all the seller’s costs of the property. Note that the cost recovery method is similar to the revenue recognition method under international standards, described above, when the outcome of a contract cannot be measured reliabl

#### Flashcard 1480003292428

Tags
Question
The [...] is similar to the revenue recognition method under IFRS, when the outcome of a contract cannot be measured reliably.
cost recovery method

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3.2.2. Installment Sales
ed cash. Under the cost recovery method, the seller does not report any profit until the cash amounts paid by the buyer—including principal and interest on any financing from the seller—are greater than all the seller’s costs of the property. <span>Note that the cost recovery method is similar to the revenue recognition method under international standards, described above, when the outcome of a contract cannot be measured reliably (although the term cost recovery method is not used in the international standard). Example 4 illustrates the differences between the installment method and the cost recovery method. Installment sales and cost recovery treatment of revenue recognition are

#### Annotation 1480005651724

#deeplearning #neuralnetworks
T o analyze ho w man y solutions the equation has, we can think of the columns of A as sp ecifying diﬀerent directions we can tra v el from the origin (the p oin t sp eciﬁed b y the v ector of all zeros), and determine ho w many wa ys there are of reac hing b . In this view, each element of x sp eciﬁes ho w far we should trav el in eac h of these directions, with x i sp ecifying how far to mo v e in the direction of column :

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#### Flashcard 1480007486732

Tags
#horstmann-java8-for-really-impatient #java #java8
Question
Use Arrays.stream(array, from, to) to make stream from a part of