on 12-Sep-2017 (Tue)

las condiciones establecidas en la NTI deben ser consideradas para su aplicación, al menos, sobre los siguientes tipos de documentos que se hallen en formato electrónico: i. Documentos de decisión: resoluciones, acuerdos, contratos, convenios y declaraciones. ii. Documentos de transmisión: comunicaciones, notificaciones, publicaciones y acuses de recibo. iii. Documentos de constancia: actas, certificados y diligencias. iv. Documentos de juicio: informes. v. Documentos de ciudadano: solicitudes, denuncias, alegaciones, recursos, comunicaciones, facturas y otros incautados. vi. Otros.

anexo del ENI RD 4/2010, de 8 de enero, define el documento electrónico como: “información de cualquier naturaleza en forma electrónica, archivada en un soporte electrónico según un formato determinado, y susceptible de identificación y tratamiento diferenciado”.

Según el artículo 26.1 de la Ley 39/2015, de 1 de octubre, “Se entiende por documentos públicos administrativos los válidamente emitidos por los órganos de las Administraciones Públicas. Las Administraciones Públicas emitirán los documentos administrativos por escrito, a través de medios electrónicos, a menos que su naturaleza exija otra forma más adecuada de expresión y constancia”

Además, de conformidad con el artículo 26.2 de la citada Ley 39/2015, de 1 de octubre, “Para ser considerados válidos, los documentos electrónicos administrativos deberán: a) Contener información de cualquier naturaleza archivada en un soporte electrónico según un formato determinado susceptible de identificación y tratamiento diferenciado; b) Disponer de los datos de identificación que permitan su individualización, sin perjuicio de su posible incorporación a un expediente electrónico; c) Incorporar una referencia temporal del momento en que han sido emitidos; d) Incorporar los metadatos mínimos exigidos; e) Incorporar las firmas electrónicas que correspondan de acuerdo con lo previsto en al normativa aplicable”

Entre estos componentes y dimensiones de alto nivel, destacarían los siguientes: i. El contenido, entendido como el conjunto de datos en que se sustancia la información de un documento electrónico. ii. La firma electrónica 2 , definida como un conjunto de datos en forma electrónica, consignados junto a otros o asociados con ellos, que: 2 Definición de firma electrónica avanzada según el artículo 3 de la Ley 59/2003, de 19 de diciembre, de firma electrónica. a. permite detectar cualquier cambio ulterior de los datos firmados, b. está vinculada al firmante de manera única y a los datos a los que se refiere c. y ha sido creada por medios que el firmante puede mantener bajo su exclusivo control. iii. Los metadatos, elemento que proporciona contexto al contenido, estructura y firma de un documento, contribuyendo al valor probatorio y fiabilidad de éste a lo largo del tiempo como evidencia electrónica de las actividades y procedimientos

Un documento electrónico, en su forma más común y simple está compuesto por un solo fichero de información, un conjunto de metadatos más, en su caso, si es un documento administrativo electrónico, o si es un documento susceptible de formar parte de un expediente, obligatoriamente, una o varias firmas electrónicas.

Nótese que un documento electrónico con múltiples ficheros constituye una única unidad digital en tanto que no permite el tratamiento de forma aislada de cada uno de los ficheros que lo conforman como unidades individuales independientes y con sentido completo, debido a la existencia de algún tipo de vínculo entre aquéllos que motiva su asociación como componentes del documento. En este sentido, la integridad de todos ellos se garantiza a través de la atención al conjunto y no a cada uno de sus componentes.

Debe distinguirse este tipo de documentos de las agrupaciones documentales (series, fondos, agregaciones, etc. 3 ), que suelen generarse atendiendo a vínculos archivísticos (relaciones funcionales o procedimentales) y que están formadas por documentos, no por componentes, en el sentido anterior, por lo que permiten el tratamiento y gestión de cada uno de ellos de forma independiente. El tratamiento de estas agrupaciones se realizaría según lo establecido en la NTI de Expediente Electrónico

Teniendo en cuenta esta diferencia, cabe señalar que, dependiendo del tratamiento documental diseñado por cada organización, la unidad digital puede constituir tanto un documento electrónico como una agrupación documental. 35. Por ejemplo, varios ficheros con documentos electrónicos digitalizados que acompañan una solicitud de un ciudadano en un registro electrónico podrían ser capturados bien como un único documento electrónico o bien como una agrupación. En el primer caso, los ficheros y la propia solicitud podrían ser incluidos en una estructura o contenedor sobre la que se aplicaría la firma electrónica del ciudadano. Esto tendría como fin avalar la integridad de todos los ficheros en el momento de la presentación, resultando un único documento electrónico en tanto que, para comprobar la integridad de cualquiera de los componentes, sería necesario disponer de todo el conjunto sobre el que se aplicó la firma 4 . 4 Para disponer de uno o varios de los ficheros que componen un documento como unidad documental independiente, es necesario aplicar un procedimiento de generación de copia electrónica auténtica mediante extracto siguiendo lo establecido a tal efecto en la NTI de Procedimientos de copiado auténtico y conversión entre documentos electrónicos. 36. Por el contrario, si la misma solicitud del ciudadano (formulario y adjuntos) fuese gestionada por la organización responsable a través de la inclusión de las referencias a los ficheros adjuntados en recibo 5 firmado, el objeto digital resultante sería una agregación de documentos y, como tal, podría ser manejada a efectos prácticos según lo establecido en la NTI de Expediente Electrónico.

De cara a facilitar la interoperabilidad y la gestión de dichos intercambios, la NTI establece el intercambio de documentos electrónicos simples, entendiendo éstos como aquellos que solamente incluyen un fichero de información o contenido, una o varias firmas, si procede, y un conjunto de metadatos asociados. Esta consideración, aunque no tiene una mención explícita en los apartados en que se desarrolla la NTI, se impone en la estructura XML que incluye el anexo II de la NTI para el intercambio de documentos electrónicos tal y como se desarrolla en el punto 8 de esta guía.

Para garantizar la interpretación y el acceso a toda la información contenida en un documento electrónico es necesario establecer unas condiciones generales para los formatos de los ficheros, las firmas y los metadatos asociados con los distintos procesos que afectan a los documentos a lo largo de su ciclo de vida, con especial atención a intercambios entre organizaciones y con el ciudadano. Para ello, a través de la NTI se establece que todo documento administrativo electrónico y aquellos susceptibles de formar parte de un expediente electrónico:

i. Cumple con los requisitos de formato de ficheros establecidos en el apartado VI de la NTI desarrollado en el punto 7 de esta guía. ...

Most people tend to remember images better than sentences. (If you know what your coffee cup and kitchen look like, I bet you turn the sentence into a visual image right away, don’t you? This helps you to remember.)

Visualization is so powerful because it allows us to create more ‘connections’ in the mind. It makes something easier to remember.

Picture this scene in your mind as vividly as possible… image all the bright colors, smells and senses as strongly as possible, at every step.

“You’re looking at a coffee cup on the table in front of you, and you’re sitting inside your kitchen. Picture the scene vividly. You look up and notice that a friend of yours is across the room, and he has an extremely unusual apple in his hand. It is massive and bright stop-sign red, almost glowing. It’s about a foot in diameter, with a long stem that reaches the floor. You can smell the apple and coffee strongly. Your friend throws the apple and it lands on top of your cup, balancing perfectly on the rim.”

You have many more images in your mind to link to this memory – your kitchen, bright red apple, unusually long stem, an apple sitting in the cup, the strong smell of apple and coffee, the friend throwing the apple onto your cup.

Now that you’ve created all these links, chances are next time you’re in your kitchen with a coffee cup in front of you, if you visualized it clearly enough, you’ll think of this apple and this bizarre story.

Unique, emotional images are an important tool for remembering. Making the images as strange and bright as possible lends to your ability to remember. The stronger the senses you imagine, the more “Hi-Fi” the image, the better.

Sexual imagery also works very well, because our minds regard it as something very ‘important’.

Objetivos del marketing social: Generar tráfico dirigido a nuestra web. Recibir opiniones de nuestros usuarios, así como de los potenciales usuarios. Proteger la marca y mejorar la reputación. Incrementar los contactos. Llegar al público objetivo.

To make images stand out to your mind, make them unusually massive or tiny, use unusually bright colors, make them animated.

Think of the kind of weirdness that makes Alice in Wonderland so enchanting and memorable.

The “Hi-Fi” Image Creation Checklist for Creating Vivid Imagery:

• Include vivid visual images, strong smells & tastes, loud noises, & strange tactile feelings.
• Strange imagery and sexual imagery are especially memorable. Use things that are not the correct size or color, but still recognizable.
• The image must directly remind you of what you want to remember, without any other information. Does the image you create logically lead to the thing you want to remember?

When it comes to remembering, organization is just as important as creating vivid memories. After all, you have to be able to retrieve memories when you want to use them.

En la elaboración de esta estrategia de comunicación 2.0 es necesario centrarse en los siguientes aspectos:

• Conocer a la audiencia. Determinar a quién van dirigidos los servicios prestados por la organización y conocer las características, necesidades y gustos de esas personas.
• Determinar los objetivos. Establecer claramente qué se quiere conseguir con la comunicación. Los objetivos pueden ser de múltiples tipos:
  • Políticos:
    • Aumentar la visibilidad de los objetivos de la organización.
    • Reforzar la imagen corporativa.
  • Estratégicos:
    • Acercar nuestros servicios a la ciudadanía.
    • Mejorar la calidad de nuestros servicios.
    • Superar el actual modelo de comunicación.
    • Obtener retroalimentación (feedback).
  • Sociales:
    • Satisfacer las necesidades de información.
    • Fomentar la participación, la colaboración y el intercambio de ideas.
    • Orientar en el acceso a los servicios.
• Definir el punto de partida: determinar la situación en la que nos encontramos:
  • De qué recursos disponemos (políticos, económicos y humanos).suscripción por correo electrónico y/o por sindicación de contenidos,presencia previa en redes sociales,...).
  • Qué tecnologías estamos utilizando (páginas web, blogs, sistemas de
  • Qué información tenemos y cuál estamos proporcionando (no siempre coincide): publicaciones, proyectos, información institucional, enlaces, eventos,...
• Concretar la estrategia 2.0:
  • Seleccionar los contenidos cuya difusión quere

...

In this section I’m going to give you an overview of how to use these organizational systems:

• Acrostics
• Acronyms
• Stories
• Method of Loci / Memory Palaces
• The Number Rhyme System
• The Number Shape System

Ordered lists are one of the hardest things to remember. By using a simple acronym, you’re encoding the list into an easily remembered word.

Acronyms:

They’re simply a word formed from a list of items that can be pronounced. The word can be real or fake.

The order the great Greek philosophers lived:

SPA – Socrates, Plato, Aristotle.

esta guía debe definir: Si los empleados pueden tener perfiles en las redes sociales en las que se indique que son empleados. Si los empleados pueden hablar en nombre de la organización. Si, cuando los empleados hablen en nombre de la organización, deben identificarse con su nombre o con su puesto en la organización.
Si los mensajes enviados por la organización llevarán algún tipo de firma, y cuál. El tipo de lenguaje a utilizar (por ejemplo, si se debe usar el tú o el usted, si se debe usar un registro jurídico, coloquial o de otro tipo, ...). La línea editorial de los perfiles corporativos en las redes sociales. Los derechos de propiedad intelectual en cuanto al contenido publicado (derechos restringidos, licencias abiertas Creative Commons, ...).

Acrostics

An acrostic is a sentence or block of text where the first letters of the words are used to spell a message.

Acrostics are a bit like acronyms, but they use a sentence to encode information.

For example:

Remembering Guitar Strings:

Every Beautiful Guitar Deserves Amps Everyday or

Every Boy Gets Dinner At Eight – EADGBE

When you create a story properly, one thing vividly links to the next, and it becomes easier to remember. Stories are best for medium sized lists, and they take little or no preparation to create.

The key is in how well you create the story. The more vivid & unusual the imagery, the more memorable.

Stories / Journeys

When the list of information is a bit longer, you might want to create a story around it.

The problem with stories is that they take a long time to develop. You have to imagine all the space in vivid detail and give every aspect of the story spacial dimensions.

You may need to go over the story a few times before it becomes concrete in your mind. Until you’re really good at creating imagery quickly, it’s hard to know whether or not you’ve linked things together so that you’ll be able to remember.

Though it’s important to know how stories function, I usually only use them in conjunction with the next method – the Memory Palace, or the Method Of Loci, which is much more effective.

Keys to creating stories:

• Vivid imagery that reminds you of the item you’re trying to remember
• Link everything together through actions, and relate everything together through space. What direction does one object move to interact with the next object, and how far away is it? Create a complete world in your mind.

Great thing about this, is that it’s very flexible. When you go back through your Memory Palace and you can’t remember something, all you have to do is change the image or change the structure of your memory palace.

Next, you can experiment with different organizational structures. You can try to place 2 items on each wall to store more information. Or maybe you can go to all 3 walls in a room, then also go to the ceiling and then to the floor.

You just need to establish the rules for how you’ll travel through the house in advance, and that’s how the information will be organized.

For every set of information, you’ll need a new memory palace. These are real places in your mind, and two sets of images cannot exist on top of one another.

Keys to creating & using a memory palace:

• Make sure you know the place well. If you don’t know it well enough, walk through it in your mind and make it seem more real before using it as a memory palace. You can also create an imaginary place from scratch, but it takes a little longer and you might run into problems if you’re new to this.
• Place it in the real world somewhere. Even if it’s a fake place. Imagine it’s location in the real world. Put it behind a door you’ve seen, or maybe place it in a secret door underneath a landmark you know of. (Eg in a secret door that opens up underneath the Eiffel Tower)
• Establish a specific route you’ll take through the memory palace
• Place items you’d like to remember throughout the palace. Make them vivid and outlandish. Give them life and movement.
• Walk through the palace and make sure you can see all of the items you placed. If you can’t remember them, change the way you’ve visualized them.

To remember short numbers quickly and easily, there are a bunch of techniques you can use. Since numbers don’t have much emotional significance to us, we must encode them into images.

Let’s use the Rhyme System for now.

2 – shoe

9 – wine

3 – tree

8 – bait

Then link all these images together into one image using a logical order such as left to right or top to bottom.

So you could have an image where a shoe is upside down, and a bottle of wine is defying gravity pouring up into the shoe, the bottle is perched precariously on top of a tree, and the tree’s roots are made out of fishing hooks and bait.

Then you would place this image in the physical space where you want to remember it. If 2938 is your gym locker code, you can place it outside your gym, towering over the building.

Then whenever you want to recall the combination, all you have to do is remember your gym, and see the image in your mind. Since the rule you set from the beginning is top to bottom, or left to right, and each image rhymes with it’s corresponding number, you’ll be able to decode the image quickly and easily.

If it’s a longer number, you can use a memory palace to store it. Store one image at each point in the memory palace, and walk through for the order of the numbers.

Remember Short Numbers Quickly

How useful would it be to remember every specification about the product you’re selling, or to never worry about forgetting a PIN, or to be able to memorize telephone numbers without having to take out your phone or a piece of paper?

I bet it could save you a lot of time, and could be very useful for talking to prospects and clients.

The key to a strong password is to use a long series of letters, numbers and characters that have too many possible combinations to be guessed by modern computers, even if they’re given millions of guesses.

Very strong passwords have:

• at least 10 characters
• numbers
• upper case letters
• lower case letters
• symbols (eg. #, $, !, *)

A sample strong password:

sfaEH@*25fagae!v

According to the password strength calculator, this password would take a normal PC 235,650,869,377 years to calculate!

Even a supercomputer would take 11,782,543 years to crack it.

According to PasswordStrengthCalculator.com, a normal PC can guess a 6-character password that uses only lower case letters and numbers in 0.000435 seconds.

The easiest way to create a really strong password is by using Acrostics, plus your own password rules.

Sentences or song lyrics are much easier to remember than a mix of meaningless characters, after all.

If you create your own sentence, also include the the name of the website or email account the password belongs to, so that the account is linked to the password in your mind.

You can start the sentence with the name of the website or email account, and it won’t reduce the strength of the password.

Here’s an example that I found on Wikipedia:

“Gmail was invitation only in 2004 and was available to the general public in 2007”

Then, using rules for Acrostics, create a password using the first character in each word and number:

Gwioi2awattgpi2

A poet anticipated close scrutiny of his work and took care to ensure its linguistic and poetic soundness and ethical propriety. But he also relied on his audience to gauge his technical bravado. 15 In particular he assumed their knowledge of themes and motifs, enabling them to identify how much of a line or hemistich came from an existing verse and how he enhanced it by giving it a new form and meaning. The sariqa 'theft' or akhdh 'taking over', as well as talmf~ 'allusion' and taqmfn 'quotation' by which modern poets referred to each other and the ancients formed an integral part of Abbasid poetry, designed for an audience steeped in the classical tradition. Borrowing was then not frowned upon in general, but depended in each case on how elegantly a poet appropriated and recast a sariqa in his own verse.

The scribes themselves composed poetry for their own pleasure and hence became a threat to the professional poets. The scribes could even afford to hold their own literary circles and garner compliments for their verses from attending professional poets, whose praise need not have been candid

Bencheikh notes a decline in the level of discourse from erudite discussion to shallow divertissement: Poetry becomes for most of them [ sc. the scribes] an exercise in style, an agreeable occupation that lends itself to the most diverse occasions. It is the mode of communication par excellence, the mainstay of a culture; it reveals all of the attitudes these men take towards existence. But, what it gains in terms of sociocultural expression, it loses in terms of artistic exploration. Practiced too frequently as a habit and in the most banal circumstances, it dilutes itself in [its] daily [use] and is saved only by taking on the forms of mannerism. 19

The scribes could turn their lack of technique into an advantage by striving for elegance and simplicity. In addition they prided themselves on not subjecting poetry to a specific purpose - praise or blame - but practicing it as pure art.

a singer could only appear at a caliph's familiar sessions devoted to light divertissement, whereas a poet might offer praises both at public ceremonies and familiar sessions. Therefore singers could 8 THE BACKGROUND not easily serve as go-betweens for panegyrists and patrons. If a panegyrist needed to contact a new patron or patch up a faux pas with a current sponsor, he approached an honorable individual who had access to the patron's circle and was in his confidence, thus being better equipped to intervene on the poet's behalf. These intercessors gave rise to a new sub-genre of praise poetry, the poem of intercession, which praised the intercessor and the one who responded to intercession alike.

The Abbasid patron did not choose a poet for his political or religious leaning, which the poet usually concealed when disadvantageous. Although it was not a prerequisite, an ethnic or religious affiliation between a poet and his patron could enhance their relationship. Ultimately, however, the poet owed his patron loyalty against his own personal preferences. 29

orally administered drugs tend to have a lower bioavailability.

Basic drugs that remain intact in the stomach acids can pass through and are more readily absorbed in the intestine.

Presystemic elimination refers to the elimination of drug by the gastrointesti- nal system before the drug reaches the systemic circulation.

liver biotransforms ingested drug before it reaches the effect site. 4 This liver activity is called first-pass hepatic effect.

from the gastrointestinal tract after oral ingestion enter the portal venous blood and pass through the liver first

tatistical learning refers to a vast set of tools for understanding data.

The most rapid and predictable route to the systemic circulation is the parenteral route.

The sublingual and buccal routes of administration of drugs bypass the presystemic, portal system first-pass effect and are deliv- ered rapidly to the superior vena cava for transport to the effect site.

Drugs placed in the proximal rectum are absorbed into the portal system via the superior hemorrhoidal vein. They will therefore undergo significant first-pass effect in the liver before entering the systemic circulation, leading to unpredictable responses. 1

Occasionally the rectal route of drug administration is the ideal route for prevention of emesis caused by irritation of the gas- trointestinal mucosa by the drug.

intravenous injections allow for rapid and accurate delivery of drug into the systemic circulation

Parenteral administration is the route of choice for anesthetists,

These agents must have a molecular weight of less than 1000, dose requirements less than 10 mg in a 24-hour period, and a pH of 5 to 9.

Bioavailability is the extent to which a drug reaches its effect site after its introduction into the circulatory system

aqueous solution are more rapidly absorbed than those given in oily solution or solid form because they mix more readily with the aqueous phase at the absorptive site

the local anesthetic is highly ionized (basic agent in acidic environment) and therefore cannot enter the lipid nerve membrane to reach the site of action.

Compartment models depict the body as composed of distinct sec- tions that represent theoretic spaces with calculated volumes and are used to describe the pharmacokinetics of agents.

The central compartment represents only approximately 10% of body mass in an adult; how- ever, it receives approximately 75% of the cardiac output and is also referred to as the vessel-rich group.

The area to which the drug is applied must have a relatively thin epidermis with a sufficient blood supply

The transdermal route is usually chosen for administration of a sustained release agent, providing the patient with a steady therapeutic plasma con- centration.

Drugs leave by distribution into the tissues or via metabolism and excretion

The volume of distribution (Vd) is a proportional expression that relates the amount of drug in the body to the serum concentration.

The volume of distribution is used to calculate the loading dose of a drug that will achieve a steady-state concentration.

Ali chegando, contou ter visto, à beira dos mares longínquos que percorrera, homenzinhos vestidos com folhas de palmeira, que abandonaram suas aldeias para se refugiarem nas montanhas logo que perceberam o navio; e que desembarcando nessas aldeias nenhum mal haviam feito, contentando-se em lançar mão do gado que teve ao seu alcance

Os Gindanes confinam com os Maces. Dizem que suas mulheres trazem no tornozelo tantos anéis de pele quanto os homens com os quais já tiveram relações, e a que ostenta maior número de anéis é a mais estimada, por ter-se feito amar por um maior número de homens.

Os Mácíies deixam crescer o cabelo atrás da cabeça, e os Auseus na frente. Numa festa que esses povos celebram todos os anos em honra a Minerva, as moças solteiras dividem-se em dois grupos e batem-se, umas contra as outras, a pauladas e a pedradas. Dizem elas ter sido tal rito instituído por seus pais, em honra à deusa, nascida no país, e a que chamamos Minerva.

Os Trácios constituem, depois dos Indianos, a nação mais populosa da Terra.