on 17-Jul-2018 (Tue)

So, Microsoft bought GitHub, and many people are confused or worried. It's not a new phenomenon when any large company buys any smaller company, and people are right to be worried, although I argue that their timing is wrong.

TIL there is a freshwater parasite called Naegleria fowleri that can enter your brain through your nasal cavity while swimming in freshwater lakes/poorly sanitized pools. The parasite destroys human brain tissue and is over 97% fatal within days

The term cognitive refers to the act of knowing or recognizing our experiences. So cognitive therapy is an organized, systematic psychological treatment that teaches people how to change the thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes that play an important role in negative emotional states like anxiety or depression.

The basic idea in cognitive therapy is that the way we think influences the way we feel, and therefore changing how we think can change how we feel.

The best way to work through this book is mostly in order, reading the first eight chapters and then turning to the specialized cognitive therapy chapters that provide specific interventions for panic attacks, social anxiety, and worry (Chapters 9–11) if you need more help.

In Chapter 3 you’ll read about the anxious mind—the cognitive view of anxiety. Then, in Chapter 4, you will learn about how cognitive therapy works and what types of exercises you’ll be doing to address your anxiety using this book. In Chapter 5 you’ll create your own anxiety profile, which will be packed with information that you’ll use throughout the book’s exercises so that you really target your unique problems and identify your strengths. You should complete the exercises and worksheets as you read through Chapters 1–5 of the workbook.

In Chapters 6 and 7 you’ll learn the techniques that will help you lessen anxietyand its hold on you. We suggest you read those two chapters without doing the exercises and then follow the instructions in Chapter 8 for putting together the cognitive and behavioral techniques into an Anxiety Work Plan that you can use to systematically carry out your cognitive therapy program. Then start implementing the work plan by doing the exercises and worksheets you’ve selected from Chapters 6 and 7.

An example of a goal for behavioral change might be to speak up and give your opinion more often at office meetings, a cognitive goal might be to stop assuming that every time your chest feels tight it could be a heart attack, and an emotional goal might be to feel less tense and agitated whenever you think about retirement.

If you decide, upon reviewing Worksheet 1.1, that you haven’t made all the improvements you want from working through Chapters 1–8, turn to any of Chapters 9–11 to do additional work specifically on panic, social anxiety, or worry.

BACnet devices and IP devices speak different protocols, different languages; one cannot simply plug them into the same network and expect them to work.

The devices that join the networks of an internetwork are known as routers. Unlike most devices that connect to a single network, routers connect to two or more networks for the purpose of forwarding messages sent by a device on one network and destined for a device on another network.

BACnet internetworks that are connected only by routers that understand BACnet frames are defined here as directly connected internetworks. (In Figure 1, networks 102 and 103, but not 101, comprise a directly connected internetwork.) This distinguishes them from the super-internetworks, serving to join multiple directly connected internetworks, which can be created by devices that allow BACnet packets to be carried within IP frames.

FIGURE 1: A physical BACnet internetwork using PADs.

The problem one encounters when trying to connect the component BACnet networks (or directly connected BACnet internetworks) of a wide-area BACnet internetwork together over an IP wide-area network, is that IP routers do not understand BACnet frames.

If an IP router has a connection to a BACnet network and receives a BACnet frame that needs to be delivered to another network, it will do...nothing.³

The problem is solved with special kinds of BACnet devices that also understand the IP protocol. Such a device is able to take a BACnet message and enclose it within an IP frame that an IP router can read and deliver across an IP internetwork.

At the destination, another such BACnet device extracts the BACnet message from the IP frame, reads it, and forwards it if necessary.

Annex H.3 of the original BACnet standard describes this technique known as "tunneling," by which devices called B/IP PADs (BACnet/Internet-Protocol Packet-Assemblers-Disassemblers), also known as Annex H.3 devices, act like routers to transport BACnet messages across IP internetworks.

A recent addition to the BACnet standard, Annex J-BACnet/IP, describes a flexible extension of the original concept. It even includes descriptions of BACnet/IP devices that always enclose their BACnet messages within IP frames.

VIRTUAL NETWORKS
Depending upon the implementation, a set of intercommunicating PADs can look to devices on the BACnet networks like a single physical router with a port on each of the BACnet networks to which it is connected.

The IP routers and networks that participate in the communications are completely invisible to the BACnet devices.

FIGURE 2: A virtual BACnet internetwork using PADs.

To connect BACnet networks over IP networks, a special kind of router called a BACnet/IP PAD (BACnet/Internet-Protocol Packet-Assembler-Disassembler) is placed on every BACnet network (or directly connected internetwork) that is to be connected over an IP network to another BACnet network. The PAD need not be a physically distinct device; it can be part of a device that performs other operations, such as a building controller.