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Flashcard 1429049576716

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#trivium

Question

Sister Miriam Joseph acknowledges her debt to [...] John Milton, and Jacques Maritain.

Answer

Aristotle,

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Sister Miriam Joseph acknowledges her debt to Aristotle, John Milton, and Jacques Maritain.

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Flashcard 1441797115148

Tags

#cfa-level-1 #corporate-finance #reading-35-capital-budgeting #study-session-10

Question

Economic income is based on the changes in the market value of the company, not [...]

Answer

changes in its book value (accounting depreciation).

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Economic income does not subtract the cost of debt financing, and it is based on the changes in the market value of the company, not changes in its book value (accounting depreciation).

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3. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CAPITAL BUDGETING
net income. (No subtraction is made for the cost of equity financing in arriving at accounting net income.) Accounting net income also differs from economic income, which is the cash inflow plus the change in the market value of the company. Economic income does not subtract the cost of debt financing, and it is based on the changes in the market value of the company, not changes in its book value (accounting depreciation). In assumption 5 above, we referred to the rate used in discounting the cash flows as the “required rate of return.” The required rate of return is the discount rate

Flashcard 1450230549772

Tags

#cfa-level-1 #microeconomics #reading-15-demand-and-supply-analysis-the-firm

Question

Total costs (TC) are the summation of all costs, where costs are classified according to [...] or [...] .

Answer

fixed

variable

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Total costs (TC) are the summation of all costs, where costs are classified according to fixed or variable. Total costs increase as the firm expands output and decrease when production is cut. The rate of increase in total costs declines up to a certain output level and, thereaft

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Costs
Total costs (TC) are the summation of all costs, where costs are classified according to fixed or variable. Total costs increase as the firm expands output and decrease when production is cut. The rate of increase in total costs declines up to a certain output level and, thereafter, accelerates as the firm gets closer to full utilization of capacity. The rate of change in total costs mirrors the rate of change in total variable cost. In Exhibit 13, TC at 5 units is 400—of which 300 is variable cost and 100 is fixed cost. At 10 units, total costs are 1,650, which is the sum of 1,550 in variable cost and 100 in fixed cost. Total fixed cost (TFC) is the summation of all expenses that do not change when production varies. It can be a sunk or unavoidable cost that a firm has to cover whether it

Flashcard 1473686408460

Tags

#cfa-level-1 #reading-22-financial-statement-analysis-intro

Question

The basic equation underlying the income statement is [...] + [...] – [...] = Net income.

Answer

Revenue + Other income -Expenses = Income

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The basic equation underlying the income statement is Revenue + Other income – Expenses = Income – Expenses = Net income.

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3.1.2.1. Income Statement
ning that they include the income and expenses of subsidiary companies under the control of the parent (reporting) company. The income statement is sometimes referred to as a statement of operations or profit and loss (P&L) statement . The basic equation underlying the income statement is Revenue + Other income – Expenses = Income – Expenses = Net income. In general terms, when one company (the parent) controls another company (the subsidiary), the parent presents its own financial statement information consolidated with tha

Flashcard 1479163645196

Tags

#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons

Question

The [...] and the [...] make distinctions among smells and recognizing them, and so discriminating good from bad.

Answer

olfactory bulb

limbic system

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The olfactory bulb and the limbic system make distinctions among smells and recognizing them, and so discriminating good from bad. This was done by the "rhinencephalon," literally, th

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Flashcard 1480349584652

Tags

#cfa-level-1 #implications-for-financial-analysis #reading-25-understanding-income-statement #revenue-recognition

Question

It is generally possible to characterize the [...] of a company’s policies.

Answer

relative conservatism

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it is generally possible to characterize the relative conservatism of a company’s policies and to qualitatively assess how differences in policies might affect financial ratios.

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3.3. Implications for Financial Analysis
estimates. In order to analyze a company’s financial statements, and particularly to compare one company’s financial statements with those of another company, it is helpful to understand any differences in their revenue recognition policies. Although it may not be possible to calculate the monetary effect of differences between particular companies’ revenue recognition policies and estimates, it is generally possible to characterize the relative conservatism of a company’s policies and to qualitatively assess how differences in policies might affect financial ratios. <body><html>

Flashcard 1481050295564

Tags

#cfa-level-1 #corporate-finance #reading-35-capital-budgeting #study-session-10

Question

Economic income does not subtract the [...]

Answer

cost of debt financing

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Economic income does not subtract the cost of debt financing, and it is based on the changes in the market value of the company, not changes in its book value (accounting depreciation).

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Annotation 1481054752012

There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water.

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Bacteria - Wikipedia
with plants and animals. Most bacteria have not been characterised, and only about half of the bacterial phyla have species that can be grown in the laboratory. [5] The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology. There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×10 30 bacteria on Earth, [6] forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. [7] Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by

Article 1481077820684

4.1. General Principles
#cfa-level-1 #expense-recognition #reading-25-understanding-income-statement

In general, a company recognizes expenses in the period that it consumes (i.e., uses up) the economic benefits associated with the expenditure, or loses some previously recognized economic benefit.28 A general principle of expense recognition is the matching principle . Strictly speaking, IFRS do not refer to a “matching principle” but rather to a “matching concept” or to a process resulting in “matching of costs with revenues.”29 The distinction is relevant in certain standard setting deliberations. Under matching, a company recognizes some expenses (e.g., cost of goods sold) when associated revenues are recognized and thus, expenses and revenues are matched. Associated revenues and expenses are those that result directly and jointly from the same transactions or events. Unlike the simple scenario in which a company purchases inventory and sells all of the inventory within the same accounting period, in practice, it is more likely that some of the current period’s sales are made from inventory p

Flashcard 1481079917836

Tags

#cfa-level-1 #expense-recognition #reading-25-understanding-income-statement

Question

In general, a company recognizes expenses in the period that it [...] associated with the expenditure.

Answer

consumes the economic benefits

Or loses some past economic benefit

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4.1. General Principles
In general, a company recognizes expenses in the period that it consumes (i.e., uses up) the economic benefits associated with the expenditure, or loses some previously recognized economic benefit.28 A general principle of expense recognition is the matching principle . Strictly speaking, IFRS do not refer to a “matching principle” but rather to a “matching concept”

Flashcard 1481083063564

Tags

#cfa-level-1 #expense-recognition #reading-25-understanding-income-statement

Question

A general principle of expense recognition is the [...]

Answer

matching principle

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4.1. General Principles
dy> In general, a company recognizes expenses in the period that it consumes (i.e., uses up) the economic benefits associated with the expenditure, or loses some previously recognized economic benefit.28 A general principle of expense recognition is the matching principle . Strictly speaking, IFRS do not refer to a “matching principle” but rather to a “matching concept” or to a process resulting in “matching of costs with revenues.”29 The distinction is

Annotation 1481085685004

#cfa-level-1 #expense-recognition #reading-25-understanding-income-statement

Strictly speaking, IFRS do not refer to a “matching principle” but rather to a “matching concept” or to a process resulting in “matching of costs with revenues.”29 The distinction is relevant in certain standard setting deliberations.

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4.1. General Principles
in the period that it consumes (i.e., uses up) the economic benefits associated with the expenditure, or loses some previously recognized economic benefit.28 A general principle of expense recognition is the matching principle . Strictly speaking, IFRS do not refer to a “matching principle” but rather to a “matching concept” or to a process resulting in “matching of costs with revenues.”29 The distinction is relevant in certain standard setting deliberations. Under matching, a company recognizes some expenses (e.g., cost of goods sold) when associated revenues are recognized and thus, expenses and revenues are matched. Associated revenues an

Flashcard 1481087257868

Tags

#cfa-level-1 #expense-recognition #reading-25-understanding-income-statement

Question

Under matching, a company recognizes some expenses when [...]

Answer

associated revenues are recognized

Thus, expenses and revenues are matched.

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4.1. General Principles
ciple . Strictly speaking, IFRS do not refer to a “matching principle” but rather to a “matching concept” or to a process resulting in “matching of costs with revenues.”29 The distinction is relevant in certain standard setting deliberations. Under matching, a company recognizes some expenses (e.g., cost of goods sold) when associated revenues are recognized and thus, expenses and revenues are matched. Associated revenues and expenses are those that result directly and jointly from the same transactions or events. Unlike the simple scenario in which a company purchases inventory and s

Flashcard 1481089617164

Tags

#cfa-level-1 #expense-recognition #reading-25-understanding-income-statement

Question

[...] and expenses are those that result directly and jointly from the same transactions or events.

Answer

Associated revenues

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4.1. General Principles
nues.”29 The distinction is relevant in certain standard setting deliberations. Under matching, a company recognizes some expenses (e.g., cost of goods sold) when associated revenues are recognized and thus, expenses and revenues are matched. Associated revenues and expenses are those that result directly and jointly from the same transactions or events. Unlike the simple scenario in which a company purchases inventory and sells all of the inventory within the same accounting period, in practice, it is more likely that some of the curre

Annotation 1481181105420

#matlab #programming

To see how MATLAB solves this system, first recall that the left division operator \ may be used on scalars, i.e., a\bis the same as b/aif a and b are scalars. However, it can also be used on vectors and matrices, in order to solve linear equations

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Annotation 1481182678284

#matlab #programming

You can think of the matrix operation A\bas ‘b divided by A’, or as ‘the inverse of A multiplied by b’

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Annotation 1481184251148

#matlab #programming

Whenever we solve a system of linear equations numerically we need to have some idea of how accurate the solution is. The first thing to check is the residual, defined as r=A*x-b where x is the result of the operation x=A\b.

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Annotation 1481185824012

#matlab #programming

Theoretically the residual r should be zero, since the expression A*xis supposed to be equal to b

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Annotation 1481187396876

#matlab #programming

When we have more equations than unknowns, the system is called over- determined

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Annotation 1481188969740

#matlab #programming

The residual r=A*x-b is now r= -0.3333 -0.3333 0.3333 What happens in this case is that MATLAB produces the least squares best fit. This is the value of x which makes the magnitude of r, i.e., r(1) ² + r(2) ² + r(3)² , as small as possible.

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Annotation 1481190542604

#matlab #programming

If there are fewer equations than unknowns, the system is called under- determined. In this case there are an infinite number of solutions; MATLAB will find one which has zeros for some of the unknowns.

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Annotation 1481192115468

#matlab #programming

A system like this is called ill-conditioned, meaning that a small change in the co- efficients leads to a large change in the solution. The MATLAB function rcond returns the condition estimator, which tests for ill conditioning

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Annotation 1481193950476

#matlab #programming

If A is the coef- ficient matrix, rcond(A) will be close to zero if A is ill-conditioned, but close to 1 if it is well-conditioned.

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Annotation 1481195523340

#matlab #programming

Some authors suggest the rule of thumb that a matrix is ill-conditioned if its determinant is small compared to the entries in the matrix. In this case the determinant of A is 1 (check with the function det) which is about an order of magnitude smaller than most of its entries

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Annotation 1481197096204

#matlab #programming

Matrix left division, A\B, is defined whenever B has as many rows as A.

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Annotation 1481198669068

#matlab #programming

If A is square, matrix left division is done using Gauss elimination. If A is not square the over- or under-determined equations are solved in the least squares sense. The result is an m × n matrix X,wherem is the number of columns of A and n is the number of columns of B.

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Annotation 1481200241932

#matlab #programming

a system of n simultaneous linear equations requires n 2 matrix entries, and the computing time to solve them is proportional to n 3 .

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Annotation 1481201814796

#matlab #programming

However, some matrices have relatively few non-zero entries. Such matrices are called sparse as opposed to full.

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Annotation 1481203387660

#matlab #programming

the matrix representation of a certain type of partial differential equation (a 5-point Laplacian) on a square 64 × 64 grid is a 4096 × 4096 element matrix with 20 224 non-zero elements. The sparse form of this matrix in MATLAB occupies only 250 kB of memory, whereas the full version of the same matrix would occupy 128 MB, which is way beyond the limits of most desktop computers. The solution of the system Ax = b using sparse techniques is about 4000 times faster than solving the full case, i.e., 10 s instead of 12 hours

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Annotation 1481204960524

#matlab #programming

The form of the sparse function used here is sparse(rows, cols, entries, m, n) This generates an m × n sparse matrix with non-zero entries having subscripts (rows, cols) (which may be vectors),

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Annotation 1481206533388

#matlab #programming

The function spy provides a neat visualization of sparse matrices.

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Annotation 1481210727692

Die Schlacht in der Javasee in Südostasien zwischen japanischen und alliierten Flotteneinheiten fand im Zweiten Weltkrieg während des Pazifikkriegs am 27. und 28. Februar 1942 statt.

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Schlacht in der Javasee – Wikipedia
– Malaiische Halbinsel – Borneo – Pearl Harbor – Hongkong – Philippinen – Guam – Wake – Niederländisch-Indien – Burma – Neuguinea – Singapur – Portugiesisch-Timor – Australien – Indischer Ozean – Salomonen – Korallenmeer – Nordamerika Die Schlacht in der Javasee in Südostasien zwischen japanischen und alliierten Flotteneinheiten fand im Zweiten Weltkrieg während des Pazifikkriegs am 27. und 28. Februar 1942 statt. Auf Seiten der Alliierten waren US-amerikanische, britische, niederländische und australische Schiffe beteiligt (ABDA-Flotte). Die Japaner gingen aus der Seeschlacht als Sieger hervor.

Annotation 1481215184140

Nach der erfolgreichen Eroberung der südostasiatischen Gebiete und Inseln durch die Japaner Ende 1941 und Anfang 1942 war die niederländische Kolonialbesitzung Java der einzige bedeutende Ort, der sich noch in alliierter Hand befand. Die zentrale Bedeutung der Insel als wirtschaftliches Zentrum von Niederländisch-Indien mit der Hauptstadt Batavia, die Bodenschätze der Insel wie Schwefel aus dem Vulkangestein und Erze sowie der fruchtbare Boden für den Reis-, Tabak-, Mais- sowie Chinarindenanbau und Palmöl sowie die strategisch wichtige Lage als Verteidigungsstellung des Archipels mit der Nähe zu Australien machten Java zu einem äußerst lohnenden Ziel. Zudem befand sich in Bandung der Regierungssitz der Niederländer für Niederländisch-Indien. Spätestens nach dem Fall Südsumatras westlich von Java und der Landung der Japaner auf Bali um den 20. Februar war den Verteidigern klar, dass es demnächst zu einer Invasion der Insel kommen würde.

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Schlacht in der Javasee – Wikipedia
nvasionsflotten 1.2 Die Alliierten 1.3 Zustand der Alliierten 2 Die Schlacht 3 Nach der Schlacht 4 Das Schicksal der USS Langley 5 Die Folgen 6 Siehe auch 7 Literatur 8 Film 9 Weblinks Vorgeschichte[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten] Nach der erfolgreichen Eroberung der südostasiatischen Gebiete und Inseln durch die Japaner Ende 1941 und Anfang 1942 war die niederländische Kolonialbesitzung Java der einzige bedeutende Ort, der sich noch in alliierter Hand befand. Die zentrale Bedeutung der Insel als wirtschaftliches Zentrum von Niederländisch-Indien mit der Hauptstadt Batavia, die Bodenschätze der Insel wie Schwefel aus dem Vulkangestein und Erze sowie der fruchtbare Boden für den Reis-, Tabak-, Mais- sowie Chinarindenanbau und Palmöl sowie die strategisch wichtige Lage als Verteidigungsstellung des Archipels mit der Nähe zu Australien machten Java zu einem äußerst lohnenden Ziel. Zudem befand sich in Bandung der Regierungssitz der Niederländer für Niederländisch-Indien. Spätestens nach dem Fall Südsumatras westlich von Java und der Landung der Japaner auf Bali um den 20. Februar war den Verteidigern klar, dass es demnächst zu einer Invasion der Insel kommen würde. → Hauptartikel: Chronologie des Zweiten Weltkrieges — Erstes Halbjahr 1942 in Asien und dem Pazifik Die japanischen Invasionsflotten[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten] Zur Bes

Flashcard 1481217019148

Question

Nach der erfolgreichen Eroberung der südostasiatischen Gebiete und Inseln durch die Japaner Ende 1941 und Anfang 1942 war die niederländische Kolonialbesitzung Java der einzige bedeutende Ort, der sich noch in alliierter Hand befand. [...]u Australien machten Java zu einem äußerst lohnenden Ziel. Zudem befand sich in Bandung der Regierungssitz der Niederländer für Niederländisch-Indien. Spätestens nach dem Fall Südsumatras westlich von Java und der Landung der Japaner auf Bali um den 20. Februar war den Verteidigern klar, dass es demnächst zu einer Invasion der Insel kommen würde.

Answer

Die zentrale Bedeutung der Insel als wirtschaftliches Zentrum von Niederländisch-Indien mit der Hauptstadt Batavia, die Bodenschätze der Insel wie Schwefel aus dem Vulkangestein und Erze sowie der fruchtbare Boden für den Reis-, Tabak-, Mais- sowie Chinarindenanbau und Palmöl sowie die strategisch wichtige Lage als Verteidigungsstellung des Archipels mit der Nähe z

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an>Nach der erfolgreichen Eroberung der südostasiatischen Gebiete und Inseln durch die Japaner Ende 1941 und Anfang 1942 war die niederländische Kolonialbesitzung Java der einzige bedeutende Ort, der sich noch in alliierter Hand befand. Die zentrale Bedeutung der Insel als wirtschaftliches Zentrum von Niederländisch-Indien mit der Hauptstadt Batavia, die Bodenschätze der Insel wie Schwefel aus dem Vulkangestein und Erze sowie der fruchtbare Boden für den Reis-, Tabak-, Mais- sowie Chinarindenanbau und Palmöl sowie die strategisch wichtige Lage als Verteidigungsstellung des Archipels mit der Nähe zu Australien machten Java zu einem äußerst lohnenden Ziel. Zudem befand sich in Bandung der Regierungssitz der Niederländer für Niederländisch-Indien. Spätestens nach dem Fall Südsumatra

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Flashcard 1481218592012

Question

Nach der erfolgreichen [...] der südostasiatischen Gebiete und Inseln durch die Japaner Ende 1941 und Anfang 1942 war die niederländische Kolonialbesitzung Java der einzige bedeutende Ort, der sich noch in alliierter Hand befand. Die zentrale Bedeutung der Insel als wirtschaftliches Zentrum von Niederländisch-Indien mit der Hauptstadt Batavia, die Bodenschätze der Insel wie Schwefel aus dem Vulkangestein und Erze sowie der fruchtbare Boden für den Reis-, Tabak-, Mais- sowie Chinarindenanbau und Palmöl sowie die strategisch wichtige Lage als Verteidigungsstellung des Archipels mit der Nähe zu Australien machten Java zu einem äußerst lohnenden Ziel. Zudem befand sich in Bandung der Regierungssitz der Niederländer für Niederländisch-Indien. Spätestens nach dem Fall Südsumatras westlich von Java und der Landung der Japaner auf Bali um den 20. Februar war den Verteidigern klar, dass es demnächst zu einer Invasion der Insel kommen würde.

Answer

Eroberung

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Nach der erfolgreichen Eroberung der südostasiatischen Gebiete und Inseln durch die Japaner Ende 1941 und Anfang 1942 war die niederländische Kolonialbesitzung Java der einzige bedeutende Ort, der sich noch in alliiert