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Annotation 1677198232844

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Although the mechanism of action of the general anesthetics remains unknown, the primary site of anesthetic action is now considered to be membrane receptors

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Annotation 1677199805708

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Spinal cord receptors are being dif- ferentiated from receptors in the brain and targeted with specific drugs.

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Annotation 1677212388620

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

The current medical economic climate necessitates the optimum selection and use of anesthetic drugs based on their pharmacologic profiles.

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Annotation 1677213961484

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

pharmacology refers to the study of processes by which a drug produces one or more measured physiologic responses.

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Annotation 1677215534348

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Recent attention has focused on the biosphere, or the protein receptor site, as not only the locus of drug binding but also a primary regulator of the measured pharmacologic response.

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Annotation 1677217107212

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

A re ceptor is a protein or other substance that binds to an endog- enous chemical or a drug

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Annotation 1677218680076

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Receptors have three common proper- ties: sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity.

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These receptors properties are characterized by the fact that a drug response occurs from a low concentration (sensitivity) produced by structurally similar chemicals (selectivity), and the response from a given set of receptors is always the same because the cells themselves determine the response (specificity).

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Annotation 1677222612236

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

The bonds that form between drugs and receptors typically fall into these categories from weak- est to strongest: van der Waals, hydrophobic, hydrogen, ionic, and covalent

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Annotation 1677237030156

#5 #jrs #nagelhount

For intravenously administered drugs, sufficient drug for a max- imal tissue response is delivered to the receptor site within the time required for a single complete circulation (approximately 1 minute), provided an adequate drug dose was administered initially.

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Annotation 1677249875212

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

The alignment of a drug with its receptor is aided by various bonding forces, of which van der Waals forces and ionic bonding are prominent

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Annotation 1677254593804

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Albumin contains numerous acceptor sites and generally binds to acidic drugs.

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Annotation 1677256166668

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and β-globulin favor basic drugs.

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Annotation 1677260885260

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

signal transduction refers to processes by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. Most often, these involve ordered sequences or cascades of biochemi- cal reactions inside the cell. They are commonly referred to as second messenger pathways.

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Annotation 1677264030988

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Receptor signaling translates changes to G proteins that are then linked to a second messenger such as cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate) or cyclic GMP (guanosine mono- phosphate). These second messengers regulate enzymes such as protein kinases and phosphatases, which drive their ultimate intracellular actions

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Flashcard 1677882428684

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

The current medical economic climate necessitates the optimum selection and use of anesthetic drugs based on their [what profile].

Answer

pharmacologic profiles

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The current medical economic climate necessitates the optimum selection and use of anesthetic drugs based on their pharmacologic profiles.

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677885574412

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

the study of processes by which a drug produces one or more measured physiologic responses.

Answer

pharmacology

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pharmacology refers to the study of processes by which a drug produces one or more measured physiologic responses.

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677887933708

Question

Is the correlation unitless?

Answer

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Flashcard 1677889768716

Question

Is the covariance matrix always symmetric with regard to its diagonal.

Answer

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Flashcard 1677892390156

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

Recent attention has focused on the biosphere, or the [protein receptor site/membrane receptor site], as not only the locus of drug binding but also a primary regulator of the measured pharmacologic response.

Answer

protein receptor site

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Recent attention has focused on the biosphere, or the protein receptor site, as not only the locus of drug binding but also a primary regulator of the measured pharmacologic response.

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677897108748

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

the primary site of anesthetic action

Answer

membrane receptors

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Although the mechanism of action of the general anesthetics remains unknown, the primary site of anesthetic action is now considered to be membrane receptors

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677899468044

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

A [...] is a protein or other substance that binds to an endog- enous chemical or a drug

Answer

re ceptor

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A re ceptor is a protein or other substance that binds to an endog- enous chemical or a drug

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677901040908

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

A re ceptor is a protein or other substance that binds to an endog- enous chemical or a [...]

Answer

drug

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A re ceptor is a protein or other substance that binds to an endog- enous chemical or a drug

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677903400204

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

True/False: The Spinal cord receptors are being differentiated from receptors in the brain and targeted with specific drugs.

Answer

True

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Spinal cord receptors are being dif- ferentiated from receptors in the brain and targeted with specific drugs.

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677906021644

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

Spinal cord receptors are being dif- ferentiated from receptors in the brain and targeted with [...] drugs.

Answer

specific

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Spinal cord receptors are being dif- ferentiated from receptors in the brain and targeted with specific drugs.

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677908380940

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

Receptors have three common proper- ties:

Answer

sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity.

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Receptors have three common proper- ties: sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity.

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677910740236

Tags

#anesthesia #edition #fifth #j #john #nagelhout #nurse #p53

Question

These receptors properties are characterized by the fact that a drug response occurs from a low concentration ([...]) produced by structurally similar chemicals (selectivity), and the response from a given set of receptors is always the same because the cells themselves determine the response (specificity).

Answer

sensitivity

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These receptors properties are characterized by the fact that a drug response occurs from a low concentration (sensitivity) produced by structurally similar chemicals (selectivity), and the response from a given set of receptors is always the same because the cells themselves determine the response (specifi

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677912313100

Tags

#anesthesia #edition #fifth #j #john #nagelhout #nurse #p53

Question

These receptors properties are characterized by the fact that a drug response occurs from a low concentration (sensitivity) produced by structurally similar chemicals ([...]), and the response from a given set of receptors is always the same because the cells themselves determine the response (specificity).

Answer

selectivity

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Flashcard 1677913361676

Tags

#anesthesia #edition #fifth #j #john #nagelhout #nurse #p53

Question

Answer

specificity

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hat a drug response occurs from a low concentration (sensitivity) produced by structurally similar chemicals (selectivity), and the response from a given set of receptors is always the same because the cells themselves determine the response (specificity).<body><html>

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Flashcard 1677915720972

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

α 2 -agonists and analgesics

Answer

are the targets of new classes of anesthetic drugs

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Receptor super families with definable amino acid subunits are the targets of new classes of anesthetic drugs such as α 2 -agonists and analgesics

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Flashcard 1677918080268

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

α 2 -agonists and analgesics are

Answer

Receptor super families with definable amino acid subunits

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Receptor super families with definable amino acid subunits are the targets of new classes of anesthetic drugs such as α 2 -agonists and analgesics

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Flashcard 1677920439564

Question

[...] with definable amino acid subunits are the targets of new classes of anesthetic drugs such as α 2 -agonists and analgesics

Answer

Receptor super families

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Receptor super families with definable amino acid subunits are the targets of new classes of anesthetic drugs such as α 2 -agonists and analgesics

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Flashcard 1677922012428

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

The potentiation of the inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors is considered a primary mechanism of action of [2 types] anesthetics

Answer

inhalation and intra- venous

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The poten- tiation of the inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors is considered a primary mechanism of action of inhalation and intra- venous anesthetics

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Flashcard 1677924371724

Question

The poten- tiation of the [...]) receptors is considered a primary mechanism of action of inhalation and intra- venous anesthetics

Answer

inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA

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The poten- tiation of the inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors is considered a primary mechanism of action of inhalation and intra- venous anesthetics

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677926206732

Question

The poten- tiation of the inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors is considered a primary [...] of inhalation and intra- venous anesthetics

Answer

mechanism of action

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The poten- tiation of the inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors is considered a primary mechanism of action of inhalation and intra- venous anesthetics

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677927255308

Question

Apart from van der Waals and hydrophobic bonds, what are the other bonds that form between drugs and receptors?

Answer

hydrogen, ionic, and covalent

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The bonds that form between drugs and receptors typically fall into these categories from weak- est to strongest: van der Waals, hydrophobic, hydrogen, ionic, and covalent

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677931449612

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

anesthetists will continue to administer anesthesia based

Answer

on age-indexed population drug profiles adjusted for individ- ual pathologies

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anesthetists will continue to administer anesthesia based on age-indexed population drug profiles adjusted for individ- ual pathologies (i.e., general principles of pharmacology)

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Flashcard 1677934071052

Tags

#5 #nagelhount #rs

Question

Complete saturation of available receptors with drug molecules is [necessary/not necessary] for a desired tissue response to be elicited.

Answer

not necessary

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Complete saturation of available receptors with drug molecules is not necessary for a desired tissue response to be elicited.

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Flashcard 1677935906060

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhount

Question

The choice of anesthetic agents will be based on [factor] receptor profiles and the patient’s genetic ability to rapidly clear and recover from anes- thetic drugs once their administration has been terminated

Answer

age-related

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The choice of anesthetic agents will be based on age-related receptor profiles and the patient’s genetic ability to rapidly clear and recover from anes- thetic drugs once their administration has been terminated

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Flashcard 1677939313932

Question

The choice of anesthetic agents will be based on age-related receptor profiles and the patient’s [...] ability to rapidly clear and recover from anes- thetic drugs once their administration has been terminated

Answer

genetic

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Flashcard 1677941935372

Question

Studies of acetylcholine and its receptor at the neuromuscular junction indicate that less than [...]% of the cell surface binds drug to receptor protein to achieve the tissue response

Answer

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Studies of acetylcholine and its receptor at the neuromuscular junction indicate that less than 1% of the cell surface binds drug to receptor protein to achieve the tissue response

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Flashcard 1677942983948

Question

Studies to date in elderly patients, although limited, demonstrate an age-related [...] in most receptor populations and an overall decrease in pharmacodynamic responses

Answer

decline

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Studies to date in elderly patients, although limited, demonstrate an age-related decline in most receptor populations and an overall decrease in pharmacodynamic responses

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Flashcard 1677944032524

Question

Studies to date in elderly patients, although limited, demonstrate an age-related decline in most [...] populations and an overall decrease in pharmacodynamic responses

Answer

receptor

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Studies to date in elderly patients, although limited, demonstrate an age-related decline in most receptor populations and an overall decrease in pharmacodynamic responses

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677945081100

Question

Studies to date in elderly patients, although limited, demonstrate an age-related decline in most receptor populations and an overall [...] in pharmacodynamic responses

Answer

decrease

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Studies to date in elderly patients, although limited, demonstrate an age-related decline in most receptor populations and an overall decrease in pharmacodynamic responses

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677946129676

Question

Studies to date in elderly patients, although limited, demonstrate an age-related decline in most receptor populations and an overall decrease in [...] responses

Answer

pharmacodynamic

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Studies to date in elderly patients, although limited, demonstrate an age-related decline in most receptor populations and an overall decrease in pharmacodynamic responses

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Flashcard 1677947178252

Question

Drug receptor proteins may be located within the [...] membrane and at the surface of the ionic channel.

Answer

luminal

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Drug receptor proteins may be located within the luminal membrane and at the surface of the ionic channel.

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Flashcard 1677948226828

Question

Drug receptor proteins may be located within the luminal membrane and at the surface of the [...] channel.

Answer

ionic

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Drug receptor proteins may be located within the luminal membrane and at the surface of the ionic channel.

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677949275404

Question

Clinical experience has shown that the response to anesthetic drugs in elderly patients [...] from that in younger patients.

Answer

differs

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Clinical experience has shown that the response to anesthetic drugs in elderly patients differs from that in younger patients.

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Flashcard 1677950323980

Question

There are [...] classes of drug receptor proteins based on genetic characterization and similarity of structure and functions.

Answer

seven

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There are seven classes of drug receptor proteins based on genetic characterization and similarity of structure and functions.

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Flashcard 1677951372556

Question

There are seven classes of drug receptor proteins based on [...] characterization and similarity of structure and functions.

Answer

genetic

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There are seven classes of drug receptor proteins based on genetic characterization and similarity of structure and functions.

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Flashcard 1677952421132

Question

There are seven classes of drug receptor proteins based on genetic characterization and similarity of [...] and functions.

Answer

structure

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There are seven classes of drug receptor proteins based on genetic characterization and similarity of structure and functions.

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Flashcard 1677953469708

Question

There are seven classes of drug receptor proteins based on genetic characterization and similarity of structure and [...].

Answer

functions

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There are seven classes of drug receptor proteins based on genetic characterization and similarity of structure and functions.

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Flashcard 1677954518284

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhount

Question

The recovery from [inhaled/IV] anesthesia is described in terms of context-sensitive half-time, which in addi- tion to the usual concept of drug half-life takes into consideration the duration of anesthetic administration rather than just drug redistribution and elimination profiles

Answer

intravenous

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The recovery from intravenous anesthesia is described in terms of context-sensitive half-time, which in addi- tion to the usual concept of drug half-life takes into consideration the duration of anesthetic adm

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Flashcard 1677956353292

Question

The recovery from intravenous anesthesia is described in terms of [...] half-time, which in addi- tion to the usual concept of drug half-life takes into consideration the duration of anesthetic administration rather than just drug redistribution and elimination profiles

Answer

context-sensitive

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Flashcard 1677957401868

Question

The recovery from intravenous anesthesia is described in terms of context-sensitive half-time, which in addi- tion to the usual concept of drug half-life takes into consideration the duration of anesthetic [...] rather than just drug redistribution and elimination profiles

Answer

administration

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Flashcard 1677961858316

Question

Answer

adequate

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body>For intravenously administered drugs, sufficient drug for a max- imal tissue response is delivered to the receptor site within the time required for a single complete circulation (approximately 1 minute), provided an adequate drug dose was administered ini- tially. <body><html>

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Answer

initially

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enously administered drugs, sufficient drug for a max- imal tissue response is delivered to the receptor site within the time required for a single complete circulation (approximately 1 minute), provided an adequate drug dose was administered initially.<body><html>

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Question

Current understanding of molecular pharmacology suggests that the delay recorded from initial drug administration to the onset of the tissue response reflects

Answer

the time required for molecu- lar orientation and attachment to the receptor

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Current understanding of molecular pharmacology suggests that the delay recorded from initial drug administration to the onset of the tissue response reflects the time required for molecu- lar orientation and attachment to the receptor—that is, the time course of the receptor protein conformational change and the tis- sue response time

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Flashcard 1677966576908

Question

Current understanding of molecular pharmacology suggests that the delay recorded from initial drug administration to the onset of the tissue response reflects the time required for molecu- lar orientation and attachment to the receptor—that is, the time course of the receptor protein [...] change and the tis- sue response time

Answer

conformational

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ts that the delay recorded from initial drug administration to the onset of the tissue response reflects the time required for molecu- lar orientation and attachment to the receptor—that is, the time course of the receptor protein conformational change and the tis- sue response time<body><html>

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Flashcard 1677967625484

Question

Answer

response time

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nitial drug administration to the onset of the tissue response reflects the time required for molecu- lar orientation and attachment to the receptor—that is, the time course of the receptor protein conformational change and the tis- sue response time<body><html>

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Flashcard 1677968674060

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Question

As long as both the drug and the receptor are [...], bonding occurs

Answer

hydrophobic

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As long as both the drug and the receptor are hydrophobic, bonding occurs

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Question

Intravenous anesthetics act by binding to [receptor type] channel proteins

Answer

membrane receptor

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Intravenous anesthetics act by binding to membrane receptor channel proteins

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Question

The GABA A (ionotropic receptor family A) inhibitory receptor has been impli- cated and suggested as a primary site of [IV/inhale/IM] anesthetic action, except in the case of ketamine.

Answer

intravenous

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The GABA A (ionotropic receptor family A) inhibitory receptor has been impli- cated and suggested as a primary site of intravenous anesthetic action, except in the case of ketamine.

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Flashcard 1677974965516

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Question

The GABA A (ionotropic receptor family A) inhibitory receptor has been impli- cated and suggested as a primary site of intravenous anesthetic action, except in the case of [ketamine/succ].

Answer

ketamine

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The GABA A (ionotropic receptor family A) inhibitory receptor has been impli- cated and suggested as a primary site of intravenous anesthetic action, except in the case of ketamine.

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Flashcard 1677976800524

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Question

inhalation anesthetics, like intravenous anesthetics, bind to GABA A recep- tor proteins and cause [...] by increas- ing the influx of chloride ions through membrane channels

Answer

inhibition of signal transduction

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inhalation anesthetics, like intravenous anesthetics, bind to GABA A recep- tor proteins and cause inhibition of signal transduction by increas- ing the influx of chloride ions through membrane channels

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Flashcard 1677978635532

Question

inhalation anesthetics, like intravenous anesthetics, bind to GABA A recep- tor proteins and cause inhibition of signal transduction by increas- ing the influx of [...] ions through membrane channels

Answer

chloride

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Flashcard 1677979684108

Question

inhalation anesthetics, like intravenous anesthetics, bind to GABA A recep- tor proteins and cause inhibition of signal transduction by increas- ing the influx of chloride ions through [...] channels

Answer

membrane

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Flashcard 1677980732684

Question

[...] anesthetics, like intravenous anesthetics, bind to GABA A recep- tor proteins and cause inhibition of signal transduction by increas- ing the influx of chloride ions through membrane channels

Answer

inhalation

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Flashcard 1677981781260

Question

inhalation anesthetics, like [...] anesthetics, bind to GABA A recep- tor proteins and cause inhibition of signal transduction by increas- ing the influx of chloride ions through membrane channels

Answer

intravenous

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Flashcard 1677982829836

Question

inhalation anesthetics, like intravenous anesthetics, bind to [...] recep- tor proteins and cause inhibition of signal transduction by increas- ing the influx of chloride ions through membrane channels

Answer

GABA A

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Flashcard 1677983878412

Question

The acetylcholine receptor protein is a [...] of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the central portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the opened ion channel.

Answer

pen- tamer

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Flashcard 1677984926988

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Question

The acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of [2/5/4] peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the central portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the opened ion channel.

Answer

five

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Flashcard 1677986761996

Question

The acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided [...], with the central portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the opened ion channel.

Answer

ring

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The acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the central portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits

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Flashcard 1677987810572

Question

The acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the central portion serving as the [...] ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the opened ion channel.

Answer

transduction

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Flashcard 1677988859148

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Question

The acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the central portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only [#s] of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the opened ion channel.

Answer

two

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html> The acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the central portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tion

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Flashcard 1677990694156

Question

The acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the [first/central] portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the opened ion channel.

Answer

central

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Flashcard 1677992529164

Question

The acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the central portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in [...] binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the opened ion channel.

Answer

acetylcho- line

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acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the central portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions thr

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Flashcard 1677993577740

Question

The acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the central portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein [...] shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the opened ion channel.

Answer

conforma- tional

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entral portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the opened ion channel. <body><html>

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Flashcard 1677994626316

Question

The acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the central portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of [...] ions through the opened ion channel.

Answer

sodium

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channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the opened ion channel. <body><html>

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Flashcard 1677995674892

Question

The acetylcholine receptor protein is a pen- tamer of five peptide subunits conceptually forming a five-sided ring, with the central portion serving as the transduction ion channel. Only two of the five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the [closed/opened] ion channel.

Answer

opened

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e five subunits are involved in acetylcho- line binding. The remaining three peptide subunits participate in the signal transduction process that involves a protein conforma- tional shift, allowing inward movement of sodium ions through the opened ion channel. <body><html>

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Flashcard 1677997772044

Question

Individual agonist drugs have at least [2/3] configuration points for attachment to their receptors

Answer

three

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ndividual agonist drugs have at least three configuration points for attachment to their receptors

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Flashcard 1678000393484

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With more points of attachment, a more perfect drug-receptor fit occurs. Agonist drugs can induce receptor proteins to alter their [...] to achieve a more exacting fit with the drug.

Answer

topography

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With more points of attachment, a more perfect drug-receptor fit occurs. Agonist drugs can induce receptor proteins to alter their topography to achieve a more exacting fit with the drug.

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Flashcard 1678002228492

Question

With more points of attachment, a more perfect drug-receptor fit occurs. Agonist drugs can induce receptor proteins to alter their topography to achieve a more exacting [...] with the drug.

Answer

fit

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With more points of attachment, a more perfect drug-receptor fit occurs. Agonist drugs can induce receptor proteins to alter their topography to achieve a more exacting fit with the drug.

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Flashcard 1678003277068

Question

The alignment of a drug with its receptor is aided by various bonding forces, of which [...] forces and ionic bonding are prominent

Answer

van der Waals

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The alignment of a drug with its receptor is aided by various bonding forces, of which van der Waals forces and ionic bonding are prominent

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Flashcard 1678004325644

Question

The alignment of a drug with its receptor is aided by various bonding forces, of which van der Waals forces and [...] bonding are prominent

Answer

ionic

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The alignment of a drug with its receptor is aided by various bonding forces, of which van der Waals forces and ionic bonding are prominent

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Flashcard 1678006160652

Question

It is interesting to note that the GABA A receptor also has been shown to be composed of [#] peptide sub- units arranged to form a pentameric ring

Answer

five

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It is interesting to note that the GABA A receptor also has been shown to be composed of five peptide sub- units arranged to form a pentameric ring

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Flashcard 1678007995660

Question

It is interesting to note that the GABA A receptor also has been shown to be composed of five peptide sub- units arranged to form a [...] ring

Answer

pentameric

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It is interesting to note that the GABA A receptor also has been shown to be composed of five peptide sub- units arranged to form a pentameric ring

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Flashcard 1678009044236

Question

It is interesting to note that the [...] receptor also has been shown to be composed of five peptide sub- units arranged to form a pentameric ring

Answer

GABA A

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It is interesting to note that the GABA A receptor also has been shown to be composed of five peptide sub- units arranged to form a pentameric ring

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Flashcard 1678010092812

Question

Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to [cell/molecule] receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

Answer

cell

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Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

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Flashcard 1678011927820

Question

Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a [...] hydrophobic bonding mechanism

Answer

nonspecific

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Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

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Flashcard 1678012976396

Question

Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., [...], sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

Answer

desflurane

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Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

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Flashcard 1678014024972

Question

Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, [...], isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

Answer

sevoflurane

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Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

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Flashcard 1678015073548

Question

Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, [...], and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

Answer

isoflurane

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Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

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Flashcard 1678016122124

Question

Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and [...]) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

Answer

nitrous oxide

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Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

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Flashcard 1678017170700

Question

Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific [...] bonding mechanism

Answer

hydrophobic

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Volatile anesthet- ics (e.g., desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) bond to cell receptors by means of a nonspecific hydrophobic bonding mechanism

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Flashcard 1678018219276

Question

signal transduction refers to

Answer

processes by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another.

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signal transduction refers to processes by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. Most often, these involve ordered sequences or cascades of biochemi- cal reactions inside the cell. They are commonly referred to as second messenger pathways.</h

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Flashcard 1678020054284

Question

Receptor signaling translates changes to [...] proteins that are then linked to a second messenger such as cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate) or cyclic GMP (guanosine mono- phosphate). These second messengers regulate enzymes such as protein kinases and phosphatases, which drive their ultimate intracellular actions

Answer

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Flashcard 1678021102860

Question

Receptor signaling translates changes to G proteins that are then linked to a [...] messenger such as cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate) or cyclic GMP (guanosine mono- phosphate). These second messengers regulate enzymes such as protein kinases and phosphatases, which drive their ultimate intracellular actions

Answer

second

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Receptor signaling translates changes to G proteins that are then linked to a second messenger such as cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate) or cyclic GMP (guanosine mono- phosphate). These second messengers regulate enzymes such as protein kinases and phosphatase

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Flashcard 1678022151436

Question

Receptor signaling translates changes to G proteins that are then linked to a second messenger such as [...] (adenosine monophosphate) or cyclic GMP (guanosine mono- phosphate). These second messengers regulate enzymes such as protein kinases and phosphatases, which drive their ultimate intracellular actions

Answer

cyclic AMP

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Flashcard 1678023200012

Question

Receptor signaling translates changes to G proteins that are then linked to a second messenger such as cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate) or [...] (guanosine mono- phosphate). These second messengers regulate enzymes such as protein kinases and phosphatases, which drive their ultimate intracellular actions

Answer

cyclic GMP

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Flashcard 1678024248588

Question

Receptor signaling translates changes to G proteins that are then linked to a second messenger such as cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate) or cyclic GMP (guanosine mono- phosphate). These second messengers regulate enzymes such as [2 enzymes], which drive their ultimate intracellular actions

Answer

protein kinases and phosphatases

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Flashcard 1678026870028

Question

Many of the actions of the common anesthetic drugs are transduced through [...] receptors that are linked to GPCRs.

Answer

cell-surface

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Many of the actions of the common anesthetic drugs are transduced through cell-surface receptors that are linked to GPCRs.

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Flashcard 1678027918604

Question

Many of the actions of the common anesthetic drugs are transduced through cell-surface receptors that are linked to [...].

Answer

GPCRs

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Many of the actions of the common anesthetic drugs are transduced through cell-surface receptors that are linked to GPCRs.

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Flashcard 1678028967180

Question

Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and β-globulin favor [basic/complicated] drugs.

Answer

basic

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Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and β-globulin favor basic drugs.

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Flashcard 1678032637196

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

Albumin contains numerous acceptor sites and generally binds to [ph] drugs.

Answer

acidic

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Albumin contains numerous acceptor sites and generally binds to acidic drugs.

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Flashcard 1678034472204

Question

Some endogenous proteins provide alternative drug-binding sites. These sites are more correctly termed [...]; the acceptor reduces the amount of unbound drug available for receptor com- plexing.

Answer

acceptors

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Some endogenous proteins provide alternative drug-binding sites. These sites are more correctly termed acceptors; the acceptor reduces the amount of unbound drug available for receptor com- plexing.

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Flashcard 1678035520780

Question

Some endogenous proteins provide alternative drug-binding sites. These sites are more correctly termed acceptors; the acceptor [increases/reduces] the amount of unbound drug available for receptor com- plexing.

Answer

reduces

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Flashcard 1678037355788

Question

Some endogenous proteins provide alternative drug-binding sites. These sites are more correctly termed acceptors; the acceptor reduces the amount of [...] drug available for receptor com- plexing.

Answer

unbound

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Flashcard 1678038404364

Question

Signal transduction for the GABA A receptor, for example, involves inward [Na/Cl] ion movement through the opened central channel.

Answer

chloride

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ignal transduction for the GABA A receptor, for example, involves inward chloride ion movement through the opened central channel.

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Flashcard 1678040239372

Question

ignal transduction for the [...] receptor, for example, involves inward chloride ion movement through the opened central channel.

Answer

GABA A

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ignal transduction for the GABA A receptor, for example, involves inward chloride ion movement through the opened central channel.

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Flashcard 1678041287948

Question

Signal transduction for the GABA A receptor, for example, involves inward chloride ion movement through the [closed/opened] central channel.

Answer

opened

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ignal transduction for the GABA A receptor, for example, involves inward chloride ion movement through the opened central channel.

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Flashcard 1678043122956

Question

he protein compositions of acetylcholine and GABA receptors are [...], despite their functional differences—specifically, acetylcholine and sodium ion transduce an excitatory signal, and GABA and chloride ion transduce an inhibitory signal

Answer

remarkably similar

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he protein compositions of acetylcholine and GABA receptors are remarkably similar, despite their functional differences—specifically, acetylcholine and sodium ion transduce an excitatory signal, and GABA and chloride ion transduce an inhibitory signal</

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Flashcard 1678044171532

Question

he protein compositions of acetylcholine and GABA receptors are remarkably similar, despite their functional differences—specifically, acetylcholine and sodium ion transduce an [...] signal, and GABA and chloride ion transduce an inhibitory signal

Answer

excitatory

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Flashcard 1678045220108

Question

he protein compositions of acetylcholine and GABA receptors are remarkably similar, despite their functional differences—specifically, acetylcholine and sodium ion transduce an excitatory signal, and GABA and chloride ion transduce an [...] signal

Answer

inhibitory

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Flashcard 1678046268684

Question

he protein compositions of acetylcholine and GABA receptors are remarkably similar, despite their functional differences—specifically, [...] ion transduce an excitatory signal, and GABA and chloride ion transduce an inhibitory signal

Answer

acetylcholine and sodium

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Flashcard 1678047317260

Question

he protein compositions of acetylcholine and GABA receptors are remarkably similar, despite their functional differences—specifically, acetylcholine and sodium ion transduce an excitatory signal, and [...] ion transduce an inhibitory signal

Answer

GABA and chloride

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Flashcard 1678048365836

Question

The specific [...] subunits are ultimately responsible for the phar- macologic properties of specificity, affinity, and potency

Answer

peptide

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The specific peptide subunits are ultimately responsible for the phar- macologic properties of specificity, affinity, and potency

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Flashcard 1678049414412

Question

Drugs such as [3 drugs] are selective in their receptor binding and thus achieve a better clinical side effect profile

Answer

dexmedetomi- dine, ropivacaine, and cisatracurium

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Drugs such as dexmedetomi- dine, ropivacaine, and cisatracurium are selective in their receptor binding and thus achieve a better clinical side effect profile

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Flashcard 1678051511564

Question

Drugs such as dexmedetomi- dine, ropivacaine, and cisatracurium are [...] in their receptor binding and thus achieve a better clinical side effect profile

Answer

selective

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Drugs such as dexmedetomi- dine, ropivacaine, and cisatracurium are selective in their receptor binding and thus achieve a better clinical side effect profile

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Flashcard 1678052560140

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhout

Question

Drugs that are selective in their receptor binding are

Answer

dexmedetomidine, ropivacaine, and cisatracurium

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Drugs such as dexmedetomi- dine, ropivacaine, and cisatracurium are selective in their receptor binding and thus achieve a better clinical side effect profile

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Flashcard 1678054395148

Question

The drug response equation is derived from the law of [...] and is shown in the following equation, where drug (D) combines with receptor (R) to form a drug receptor complex (DRC) that elicits a tissue response (TR)

Answer

mass action

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The drug response equation is fundamental to pharmacologic principles. 35 It is derived from the law of mass action and is shown in the following equation, where drug (D) combines with receptor (R) to form a drug receptor complex (DRC) that elicits a tissue response (TR)

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Flashcard 1678056754444

Question

With dose-response relationship, the theoretic normal distribution of quantal (desired) responses to increasing drug dose takes the shape of a [...] curve.

Answer

Gaussian

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html>A graphic description of the dose-response relationship is dis- played in Figure 5-2. The theoretic normal distribution of quan- tal (desired) responses to increasing drug dose takes the shape of a Gaussian curve.<html>

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Flashcard 1678058589452

Question

This is the occupancy theory. Simply stated, the magnitude of a drug’s effect is [...] to the number of receptors occu- pied.

Answer

proportional

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This is the occupancy theory. Simply stated, the magnitude of a drug’s effect is proportional to the number of receptors occu- pied.

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Flashcard 1678059638028

Question

This is the occupancy theory. Simply stated, the magnitude of a drug’s effect is proportional to the number of [...] occu- pied.

Answer

receptors

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This is the occupancy theory. Simply stated, the magnitude of a drug’s effect is proportional to the number of receptors occu- pied.

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Flashcard 1678060686604

Question

In a Gaussian distribution curve, the mean, median, and mode are [closer/equidistant] from the two extremes

Answer

equidistant

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In a Gaussian distribution curve, the mean, median, and mode are equidistant from the two extremes

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Flashcard 1678062521612

Question

Therapeutic drug doses reflect [...] doses of a “nor- mal” population of individuals.

Answer

average

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Therapeutic drug doses reflect average doses of a “nor- mal” population of individuals.

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Flashcard 1678063832332

Question

The SEM describes the [...] of the mean. It is equivalent to the SD of the mean

Answer

variance

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The SEM describes the variance of the mean. It is equivalent to the SD of the mean

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Flashcard 1678064880908

Question

Neostigmine is [...] an antagonist of rocuronium because it does not compete with rocuronium for the muscle end-plate receptor site. Neostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which allows acetylcholine to compete effectively with rocuronium and other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants for the receptor, leading to a recovery of muscle tone. Therefore, its effect is at least a partial form of indirect antagonism.

Answer

not

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Flashcard 1678065929484

Question

Neostigmine is not an antagonist of [...] because it does not compete with rocuronium for the muscle end-plate receptor site. Neostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which allows acetylcholine to compete effectively with rocuronium and other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants for the receptor, leading to a recovery of muscle tone. Therefore, its effect is at least a partial form of indirect antagonism.

Answer

rocuronium

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Flashcard 1678066978060

Question

Neostigmine is not an antagonist of rocuronium because it does not compete with rocuronium for the muscle end-plate receptor site. Neostigmine inhibits [...], which allows acetylcholine to compete effectively with rocuronium and other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants for the receptor, leading to a recovery of muscle tone. Therefore, its effect is at least a partial form of indirect antagonism.

Answer

acetylcholinesterase

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Neostigmine is not an antagonist of rocuronium because it does not compete with rocuronium for the muscle end-plate receptor site. Neostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which allows acetylcholine to compete effectively with rocuronium and other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants for the receptor, leading to a recovery of muscle tone. Therefore, its effe

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Flashcard 1678068026636

Question

Neostigmine is not an antagonist of rocuronium because it does not compete with rocuronium for the muscle end-plate receptor site. Neostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which allows [...] to compete effectively with rocuronium and other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants for the receptor, leading to a recovery of muscle tone. Therefore, its effect is at least a partial form of indirect antagonism.

Answer

acetylcholine

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Flashcard 1678069075212

Question

Neostigmine is not an antagonist of rocuronium because it does not compete with rocuronium for the muscle end-plate receptor site. Neostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which allows acetylcholine to compete effectively with [...] and other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants for the receptor, leading to a recovery of muscle tone. Therefore, its effect is at least a partial form of indirect antagonism.

Answer

rocuronium

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y>Neostigmine is not an antagonist of rocuronium because it does not compete with rocuronium for the muscle end-plate receptor site. Neostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which allows acetylcholine to compete effectively with rocuronium and other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants for the receptor, leading to a recovery of muscle tone. Therefore, its effect is at least a partial form of indirect antagonism.

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Flashcard 1678070123788

Question

Neostigmine is not an antagonist of rocuronium because it does not compete with rocuronium for the muscle end-plate receptor site. Neostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which allows acetylcholine to compete effectively with rocuronium and other [...] muscle relaxants for the receptor, leading to a recovery of muscle tone. Therefore, its effect is at least a partial form of indirect antagonism.

Answer

nondepolarizing

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mine is not an antagonist of rocuronium because it does not compete with rocuronium for the muscle end-plate receptor site. Neostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which allows acetylcholine to compete effectively with rocuronium and other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants for the receptor, leading to a recovery of muscle tone. Therefore, its effect is at least a partial form of indirect antagonism.<body><html>

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Flashcard 1678071434508

Question

Neostigmine is not an antagonist of rocuronium because it does not compete with rocuronium for the muscle end-plate receptor site. Neostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which allows acetylcholine to compete effectively with rocuronium and other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants for the [...], leading to a recovery of muscle tone. Therefore, its effect is at least a partial form of indirect antagonism.

Answer

receptor

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ecause it does not compete with rocuronium for the muscle end-plate receptor site. Neostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which allows acetylcholine to compete effectively with rocuronium and other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants for the receptor, leading to a recovery of muscle tone. Therefore, its effect is at least a partial form of indirect antagonism.<body><html>

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Flashcard 1678072483084

Question

Drugs that produce surgical depths of anesthesia, such as sevoflurane and other halogenated anesthetics, also have a relatively [narrow/wide] margin of safety

Answer

narrow

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Drugs that produce surgical depths of anesthesia, such as sevoflurane and other halogenated anesthetics, also have a relatively narrow margin of safety

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Flashcard 1678074318092

Question

Drugs that produce surgical depths of anesthesia, such as [desflurance/sevoflurance] and other halogenated anesthetics, also have a relatively narrow margin of safety

Answer

sevoflurane

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Drugs that produce surgical depths of anesthesia, such as sevoflurane and other halogenated anesthetics, also have a relatively narrow margin of safety

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Flashcard 1678076153100

Question

Sevoflurane is administered clinically in an amount that is [...]-fold the MAC (mini- mum alveolar concentration), or the dose at which 50% of the patients do not move on surgical stimulation. The MAC can be lethal if the volume percentage delivered is increased to 1.7- to 2.0-fold and maintained for a prolonged period of time.

Answer

1.3- to 1.4

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Sevoflurane is administered clinically in an amount that is 1.3- to 1.4-fold the MAC (mini- mum alveolar concentration), or the dose at which 50% of the patients do not move on surgical stimulation. The MAC can be lethal if the volume percentage delivered

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Flashcard 1678077201676

Question

Sevoflurane is administered clinically in an amount that is 1.3- to 1.4-fold the MAC (mini- mum alveolar concentration), or the dose at which 50% of the patients do not move on surgical stimulation. The MAC can be lethal if the volume percentage delivered is increased to [...]fold and maintained for a prolonged period of time.

Answer

1.7- to 2.0-

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nically in an amount that is 1.3- to 1.4-fold the MAC (mini- mum alveolar concentration), or the dose at which 50% of the patients do not move on surgical stimulation. The MAC can be lethal if the volume percentage delivered is increased to 1.7- to 2.0-fold and maintained for a prolonged period of time.<body><html>

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Flashcard 1678078250252

Question

(ED 50 )—the dose at which [...]% of a population responds as desired. The ED 50 is often used for comparing the potency of drugs within a class. Because the ED 50 is derived from the linear portion of the quantal dose-response curve (20% to 80% of the responders), relatively accurate com- parisons of drugs that cause similar responses can be made

Answer

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(ED 50 )—the dose at which 50% of a population responds as desired. The ED 50 is often used for comparing the potency of drugs within a class. Because the ED 50 is derived from the linear portion of

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Flashcard 1678080871692

Question

(ED 50 )—the dose at which 50% of a population responds as desired. The ED 50 is often used for [...] the potency of drugs within a class. Because the ED 50 is derived from the linear portion of the quantal dose-response curve (20% to 80% of the responders), relatively accurate com- parisons of drugs that cause similar responses can be made

Answer

comparing

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Flashcard 1678081920268

Question

(ED 50 )—the dose at which 50% of a population responds as [unplanned/desired]. The ED 50 is often used for comparing the potency of drugs within a class. Because the ED 50 is derived from the linear portion of the quantal dose-response curve (20% to 80% of the responders), relatively accurate com- parisons of drugs that cause similar responses can be made

Answer

desired

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Flashcard 1678083755276

Question

[...] is the first and so far only drug in a new class of muscle relaxant reversal drugs.

Answer

Sugammadex

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Flashcard 1678085590284

Question

Known as a selective relaxant bind- ing agent (SRBA), sugammadex offers a unique mechanism in that it [...] the muscle-relaxant molecule, rendering it inactive.

Answer

encapsulates

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Sugammadex is the first and so far only drug in a new class of muscle relaxant reversal drugs. Known as a selective relaxant bind- ing agent (SRBA), sugammadex offers a unique mechanism in that it encapsulates the muscle-relaxant molecule, rendering it inac- tive. The complex formed is eliminated. This is a form of chemical antagonism, because no direct receptor action is evident.

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Flashcard 1678087687436

Question

Sugammadex is the first and so far only drug in a new class of muscle relaxant reversal drugs. Known as a selective relaxant bind- ing agent (SRBA), sugammadex offers a unique mechanism in that it encapsulates the muscle-relaxant molecule, rendering it inac- tive. The complex formed is eliminated. This is a form of chemical [agonism/antagonism], because no direct receptor action is evident.

Answer

antagonism

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gs. Known as a selective relaxant bind- ing agent (SRBA), sugammadex offers a unique mechanism in that it encapsulates the muscle-relaxant molecule, rendering it inac- tive. The complex formed is eliminated. This is a form of chemical antagonism, because no direct receptor action is evident.<body><html>

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Flashcard 1678089522444

Question

Clinically, a [...] dose-response curve provides information on the frequency with which a given drug dose produces a desired ther- apeutic response in a patient population.

Answer

quantal

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Clinically, a quantal dose-response curve provides information on the frequency with which a given drug dose produces a desired ther- apeutic response in a patient population.

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Flashcard 1678090571020

Question

The desired tissue response is observed when sufficient recep- tors have been [...] and activated by free drug. This process obeys the law of mass action: At steady state, equilibrium exists between bound and unbound drug receptors and the concentra- tion of free unbound drug at the site.

Answer

occupied

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The desired tissue response is observed when sufficient recep- tors have been occupied and activated by free drug. This process obeys the law of mass action: At steady state, equilibrium exists between bound and unbound drug receptors and the concentra- tion of free unb

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Flashcard 1678091619596

Question

The desired tissue response is observed when sufficient recep- tors have been occupied and [...] by free drug. This process obeys the law of mass action: At steady state, equilibrium exists between bound and unbound drug receptors and the concentra- tion of free unbound drug at the site.

Answer

activated

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Flashcard 1678092668172

Question

Specific characteristics of the drug and the receptor determine the [...] and dissociation of a drug with regard to its receptor and the kinetic, k, rates, which are constants

Answer

association

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Specific characteristics of the drug and the receptor determine the association and dissociation of a drug with regard to its receptor and the kinetic, k, rates, which are constants

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Flashcard 1678093716748

Question

It is now known that drug delivery sufficient to occupy [...]% of the receptors is in many instances all that is required for a maximum tissue response to occur.

Answer

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It is now known that drug delivery sufficient to occupy 1% of the receptors is in many instances all that is required for a maximum tissue response to occur.

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Flashcard 1678094765324

Question

the syn- thesis and destruction of receptor proteins occur at a much more [...] rate than was previously believed—within minutes rather than days.

Answer

rapid

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the syn- thesis and destruction of receptor proteins occur at a much more rapid rate than was previously believed—within minutes rather than days.

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Flashcard 1678095813900

Question

the syn- thesis and destruction of receptor proteins occur at a much more rapid rate than was previously believed—within [mins/hrs] rather than days.

Answer

minutes

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the syn- thesis and destruction of receptor proteins occur at a much more rapid rate than was previously believed—within minutes rather than days.

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Flashcard 1678097648908

Question

the syn- thesis and destruction of receptor proteins occur at a much more rapid rate than was previously believed—within minutes rather than [mins/hrs/days].

Answer

days

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the syn- thesis and destruction of receptor proteins occur at a much more rapid rate than was previously believed—within minutes rather than days.

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Flashcard 1678101056780

Question

[...]-regulation and down-regulation can occur during drug infusion, with new receptor protein being synthesized in response to availability of free unbound drug

Answer

Receptor up

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Receptor up-regulation and down-regulation can occur during drug infusion, with new receptor protein being synthesized in response to availability of free unbound drug

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Flashcard 1678102105356

Question

Receptor up-regulation and [...]-regulation can occur during drug infusion, with new receptor protein being synthesized in response to availability of free unbound drug

Answer

down

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Receptor up-regulation and down-regulation can occur during drug infusion, with new receptor protein being synthesized in response to availability of free unbound drug

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Flashcard 1678103416076

Question

Receptor up-regulation and down-regulation can occur during [...] infusion, with new receptor protein being synthesized in response to availability of free unbound drug

Answer

drug

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Receptor up-regulation and down-regulation can occur during drug infusion, with new receptor protein being synthesized in response to availability of free unbound drug

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Flashcard 1678104464652

Question

Receptor up-regulation and down-regulation can occur during drug infusion, with new receptor protein being synthesized in response to availability of free [...] drug

Answer

unbound

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Receptor up-regulation and down-regulation can occur during drug infusion, with new receptor protein being synthesized in response to availability of free unbound drug

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Flashcard 1678105513228

Question

Receptor up-regulation and down-regulation can occur during drug infusion, with new receptor protein being [...] in response to availability of free unbound drug

Answer

synthesized

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Receptor up-regulation and down-regulation can occur during drug infusion, with new receptor protein being synthesized in response to availability of free unbound drug

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Flashcard 1678106561804

Question

The terms affinity and efficacy (intrinsic activity) describe

Answer

the degree of drug receptor interaction for a given drug and recep- tor protein population (e.g., GABA A and propofol).

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The terms affinity and efficacy (intrinsic activity) describe the degree of drug receptor interaction for a given drug and recep- tor protein population (e.g., GABA A and propofol).

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Flashcard 1678107610380

Question

The terms affinity and efficacy (intrinsic activity) describe the degree of drug receptor [...] for a given drug and recep- tor protein population (e.g., GABA A and propofol).

Answer

interaction

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The terms affinity and efficacy (intrinsic activity) describe the degree of drug receptor interaction for a given drug and recep- tor protein population (e.g., GABA A and propofol).

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Flashcard 1678108658956

Question

The observed tissue response reflects the quantity of [...] complexes intact at any given moment

Answer

drug receptor

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The observed tissue response reflects the quantity of drug receptor complexes intact at any given moment

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Flashcard 1678109707532

Question

Pure pharmacologic antagonist drugs are similar in molecular structure to their corresponding [...] drugs.

Answer

agonist

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Pure pharmacologic antagonist drugs are similar in molecular structure to their corresponding agonist drugs.

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Flashcard 1678110756108

Question

Pure pharmacologic antagonist drugs are similar in [...] structure to their corresponding agonist drugs.

Answer

molecular

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Pure pharmacologic antagonist drugs are similar in molecular structure to their corresponding agonist drugs.

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Flashcard 1678111804684

Question

Pure pharmacologic antagonist drugs are [...] in molecular structure to their corresponding agonist drugs.

Answer

similar

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Pure pharmacologic antagonist drugs are similar in molecular structure to their corresponding agonist drugs.

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Flashcard 1678112853260

Question

However, owing to the addition or subtraction of one or more chemical moieties, Pure Antagonists are [able/unable] to initiate the receptor protein conformational shift necessary for eliciting a tissue response. Such antagonist drugs have receptor affinity but lack intrinsic activity or efficacy.

Answer

unable

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However, owing to the addition or subtraction of one or more chemical moieties, Pure Antagonists are unable to initiate the receptor protein conformational shift necessary for eliciting a tissue response. Such antagonist drugs have receptor affinity but lack intrinsic activity or efficacy.</s

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Flashcard 1678114688268

Question

However, owing to the addition or subtraction of one or more chemical moieties, Pure Antagonists are unable to initiate the receptor protein conformational shift necessary for eliciting a tissue response. Such antagonist drugs have receptor affinity but lack [...] activity or efficacy.

Answer

intrinsic

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o the addition or subtraction of one or more chemical moieties, Pure Antagonists are unable to initiate the receptor protein conformational shift necessary for eliciting a tissue response. Such antagonist drugs have receptor affinity but lack intrinsic activity or efficacy.<body><html>

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Flashcard 1678153747724

Tags

#5 #jrs #nagelhount

Question

[...] is the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the algebraic sum of their individual effects. 1 + 1 = 3

Answer

Synergism

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Addition The combined effect of two drugs acting via the same mechanism is equal to that expected by simple addition of their individual actions. 1 + 1 = 2 Synergism The combined effect of two drugs is greater than the algebraic sum of their individual effects. 1 + 1 = 3 Potentiation The enhancement of the action of one drug by a second drug th

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Flashcard 1678156369164

Question

The enhancement of the action of one drug by a second drug that has no detectable action of its own. 1 + 0 = 3

Answer

Potentiation

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the same mechanism is equal to that expected by simple addition of their individual actions. 1 + 1 = 2 Synergism The combined effect of two drugs is greater than the algebraic sum of their individual effects. 1 + 1 = 3 Potentiation The enhancement of the action of one drug by a second drug that has no detectable action of its own. 1 + 0 = 3 Antagonism The action of one drug opposes the action of another. 1 + 1 = 0<body><html>

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Flashcard 1678157417740

Question

Antagonism is

Answer

The action of one drug opposes the action of another. 1 + 1 = 0

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sm The combined effect of two drugs is greater than the algebraic sum of their individual effects. 1 + 1 = 3 Potentiation The enhancement of the action of one drug by a second drug that has no detectable action of its own. 1 + 0 = 3 Antagonism The action of one drug opposes the action of another. 1 + 1 = 0<body><html>

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Flashcard 1678159252748

Question

[...] is the combined effect of two drugs acting via the same mechanism is equal to that expected by simple addition of their individual actions. 1 + 1 = 2

Answer

Addition

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Flashcard 1678180224268

Question

The anesthetist uses pharmacologic intervention to elicit a desired patient response. The site of the intervention is the known as [...],

Answer

bio- sphere or protein drug receptor

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The anesthetist uses pharmacologic intervention to elicit a desired patient response. The site of the intervention is the bio- sphere, or the protein drug receptor, which is the primary regulator of the therapeutic response. Observed variation in patient drug response reflects the functionality of the biospher

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Flashcard 1678182845708

Question

Observed variation in patient drug response reflects the functionality of the biosphere and [...], as well as physiologic variability

Note: The site of the intervention is the bio- sphere, or the protein drug receptor, which is the primary regulator of the therapeutic response.

Answer

genetics

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se. The site of the intervention is the bio- sphere, or the protein drug receptor, which is the primary regulator of the therapeutic response. Observed variation in patient drug response reflects the functionality of the biosphere and genetics, as well as physiologic variability<body><html>

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Flashcard 1678185729292

Question

The mean, median, and mode typically describe the [...] relationship of a “normally distributed” population.

Answer

dose- response

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The mean, median, and mode typically describe the dose- response relationship of a “normally distributed” population.

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Flashcard 1678186777868

Question

The SD, SEM, and median effective dose provide a description of a [...] response to a drug. Such descriptors provide only an approximate dosage; the anesthetist must adjust this dosage for each patient to achieve the desired physiologic response

Answer

population’s

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The SD, SEM, and median effective dose provide a description of a population’s response to a drug. Such descriptors provide only an approximate dosage; the anesthetist must adjust this dosage for each patient to achieve the desired physiologic response</

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Flashcard 1678187826444

Question

The SD, SEM, and median effective dose provide a description of a population’s response to a drug. Such descriptors provide only an approximate dosage; the anesthetist must adjust this dosage for each patient to achieve the desired [...] response

Answer

physiologic

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an>The SD, SEM, and median effective dose provide a description of a population’s response to a drug. Such descriptors provide only an approximate dosage; the anesthetist must adjust this dosage for each patient to achieve the desired physiologic response<body><html>

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Flashcard 1678193593612

Question

Each drug-receptor interaction at the protein receptor elicits a fractional tissue response, and the [...] of the fractional responses provides the observed response.

Answer

sum

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span>Viewed at the molecular level, the observed response to a drug represents countless individual drug responses at the biosphere. Each drug-receptor interaction at the protein receptor elicits a fractional tissue response, and the sum of the fractional responses provides the observed response.<body><html>

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Flashcard 1678195428620

Question

This conformational shift causes a central space or [...] to open, allowing specific ions to enter or leave the cell or a G protein to be activated

Answer

channel

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In accor- dance with the law of mass action, when free drug binds to a recep- tor, a conformational shift occurs in the receptor protein. This shift causes a central space or channel to open, allowing specific ions to enter or leave the cell or a G protein to be activated, resulting in a biochemical cascade yielding pharmacologic effects. The resultant tissue res

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Flashcard 1678196477196

Question

In accor- dance with the law of mass action, when free drug binds to a recep- tor, a [...] shift occurs in the receptor protein.

Answer

conformational

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Flashcard 1678200147212

Question

[...] drugs also bind to the receptor but lack the ability to initiate the required protein conformational shift.

Answer

Antagonist

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Antagonist drugs also bind to the receptor but lack the ability to initiate the required protein conformational shift. The sum of fractional tissue responses elicited when an antagonist is prese

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Flashcard 1678203030796

Question

Molecular pharmacology is

Answer

identifying site-specific and age- related causes for the observed variation in patient drug response.

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Molecular pharmacology is identifying site-specific and age- related causes for the observed variation in patient drug response.

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Edited, memorised or added to reading queue

on 03-Sep-2017 (Sun)

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