on 19-Dec-2016 (Mon)

Blue Apron detractors often point out environmental impact.

Advocates argue that because delivery companies use local farms, they're avoiding a lot of the waste that comes when your tomatoes are flown internationally to your grocery store.

Blue Apron’s model centers on delivering fresh ingredients. To maintain control of quality, the company manages its own distribution channel. The company sources farms differently for each of their three regional fulfilment centers, so the food is local and fresh and the delivery costs are low. The boxes are delivered in refrigerated boxes to maintain freshness, however, so delivery is outsourced to the cheapest partner for a given shipment.

As a subscription business, Blue Apron collects data on its customers that allows for predictive modeling of demand. They built an internal suite of tools that manage the workflow of purchasing, fulfilment operations, ecommerce and order processing, shipping software, customer service software⁶. The software can estimate how many customers will cancel an order in any given week, for example, which allows the company to plan meals based on the expected availability and price of certain crops. Using this data helps create processes that improve operational efficiency and lower costs, supporting the $10 per meal price.

There is a team at Blue Apron responsible for negotiating with farms to source ingredients, but they also work closely with farmers on crop rotation and management. This allows the company to work with farmers to plan production in a way that is more seasonal, more efficient and utilizes their resources better, all of which results in higher quality crops at lower prices for consumers. Additionally, by helping farmers to plan to rotate “heavy feeder” plants with less hungry plants like legumes, the farms use less pesticide and fertilize, resulting in healthier farms.

A linking or joining word, usually linking two words, phrases or clauses within a sentence: Marco e Davide ‘Marco and Davide’; con amore ma con disciplina ‘with love but with discipline’; sono andata a letto perché ero stanca ‘I went to bed because I was tired’; i giudici dicono che bisogna cambiare la legge ‘the judges say that the law should be changed’. Conjunctions can either be coordinating, linking two phrases or clauses of equal weight, or subordinating, linking a main clause and subordinate clause.

A Segunda Guerra Mundial, ocorrida entre [...] , é assim chamada por ter se tratado de um conflito que extrapolou o espaço da Europa, continente dos principais países envolvidos. Além do norte da África e a Ásia, o Havaí, território estadunidense, com o ataque japonês a Pearl Harbor, foi também palco de disputas territoriais e ataques inimigos.

O agravamento da crise econômica aumentou o sentimento de derrota e fracasso entre alemães e alemãs, que viram nos ideais do Partido Nacional-Socialista dos Trabalhadores Alemães, o Partido Nazista, a saída para a situação enfrentada pelo país.

Também na Itália a crise econômica do Período Entreguerras foi aproveitada por um grupo político antiliberal e anticomunista, que via na formação de um Estado forte a solução para os problemas econômicos e sociais. Tal grupo organizou-se como Partido Fascista, liderado por Benito Mussolini, que em 1922 foi nomeado primeiro-ministro pelo rei Vítor Emanuel III.

Os dois líderes totalitários, Hitler e Mussolini, assinaram em 1936 um tratado de amizade e colaboração entre seus países. Estava formado o Eixo Roma-Berlim, que em 1940 passaria a ser Eixo Roma-Berlim-Tóquio, marcando a aliança do Japão com os dois países europeus, formalizada com a assinatura do Pacto Tripartite, que garantia a proteção dos três países entre si.

Estava formado o Eixo, que durante o conflito mundial enfrentaria os Aliados, aliança formada inicialmente por Inglaterra e França que mais tarde contou com a entrada de outros países, como os Estados Unidos, em 1941, após sofrer um ataque japonês na ilha de Pearl Harbor, seu território no Oceano Pacífico; a União Soviética, em 1941, quando a Alemanha de Hitler quebrou o Pacto Germano-Soviético de não agressão assinado dois anos antes; e até mesmo o Brasil, que em 1942 saiu da neutralidade e entrou na Guerra, em 1944 enviou combatentes (Força Expedicionária Brasileira) para combater na Europa.

O próximo passo foi a invasão da Polônia na tentativa de recuperar Danzig, cidade perdida pelos alemães na Primeira Guerra. França e Reino Unido exigiram que os alemães voltassem atrás e, diante da negativa de Hitler, declararam guerra à Alemanha em 3 de setembro de 1939. Tinha início o conflito mais destrutivo da história.

Para o nazismo, os judeus eram os grandes culpados pela crise do país passara no Período Entreguerras, devendo, portanto, ser combatidos.

Outra consequência da guerra foi a criação, em 1945, da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), cujo objetivo é mediar conflitos entre países a fim de evitar novas guerras.

No dia 6 de junho de 1944, os Aliados desembarcaram na Normandia, França, na operação que ficou conhecida como “Dia D”. Era o início da libertação francesa e, no fim da agosto, Paris estava livre.

Só o Japão resistia, mas, em agosto, diante das bombas atômicas jogadas pelos Estados Unidos em Hiroshima e Nagasaki, o imperador Hirohito se rendeu aos Aliados.

Suppose that the slope of Warren’s indifference curve at point a is equal to −2, and the slope of Smith’s indifference curve at point a is equal to – 1/2 . Warren is willing to give up 2 ounces of wine for 1 slice of bread, and Smith is willing to give up only 1/2 ounce of wine for 1 slice of bread. But that means she would be willing to give up 2 slices of bread for 1 ounce of wine. What would happen if Warren and Smith are allowed to exchange bread for wine? Suppose they are allowed to exchange at the ratio of one ounce of wine for one slice of bread. Would they both agree to an exchange at that ratio? Yes. Warren would be willing to give up two ounces of wine for a slice of bread, so he would certainly be willing to give up only one ounce of wine for one slice of bread. Correspondingly, Smith would be willing to give up two slices of bread for one ounce of wine, so she would certainly be willing to give up only one slice of bread for one ounce of wine. If they actually made such a trade at the one-to-one ratio, then Smith would end up with more wine and less bread than she started with, and Warren would end up with more bread and less wine than he started with.

Helen Smith and Tom Warren have identical baskets containing books (B) and compact discs (D). Smith’s MRS_BD equals 0.8 (i.e., she is willing to give up 0.8 disc for 1 book), and Warren’s MRS_BD equals 1.25.

1. Determine whether Warren would accept the trade of 1 of Smith’s discs in exchange for 1 of his books.

As Smith gives up slices of bread for more ounces of wine, her MRS_BW increases; her indifference curve becomes steeper. Simultaneously, as Warren gives up ounces of wine for more slices of bread, his MRS_BW decreases; his indifference curve becomes less steep. Eventually, if they continue to trade, their MRSs will reach equality and there will be no further gains to be achieved from additional exchange. Initially, it was the differences in their willingness to trade one good for the other that made trading beneficial to both. But if they trade to a pair of bundles at which their MRSs are equal, then trading will cease.

Above, we have examined the trade-offs that economic actors (e.g., consumers, companies, investors) are willing to make.

we need to explore how to model the constraints on behavior that are imposed by the fact that we live in a world of scarcity

Consumers must generally purchase goods and services with their limited incomes and at given market prices. Companies, too, must divide their limited input resources in order to produce different products. Investors are not able to choose both high returns and low risk simultaneously.

Let Warren’s income be given by I, the price he must pay for a slice of bread be P_B, and the price he must pay for an ounce of wine be P_W. Warren has freedom to spend his income any way he chooses, so long as the expenditure on bread plus the expenditure on wine does not exceed his income per time period. We can represent this income constraint (or budget constraint ) with the following expression:

Equation (3) 

P_BQ_B + P_WQ_W ≤ I

Assuming a one-period model Warren has no reason not to spend all of his income so the weak inequality becomes a strict equality, as shown in Equation 4, because there would be no reason for Warren to save any of his income if there is “no tomorrow.”

Equation (4) 

P_BQ_B + P_WQ_W = I

if Warren were to spend all of his income only on bread, he could buy I/P_B slices of bread. Or if he were to confine his expenditure to wine alone, he could buy I/P_W ounces of wine. Alternatively, he could spread his income across bread and wine expenditures any way he chooses. Graphically, then, his budget constraint would appear as

The budget constraint shows all the combinations of bread and wine that the consumer could purchase with a fixed amount of income, I, paying prices P_B and P_W, respectively.

A simple algebraic manipulation of Equation 4 yields the budget constraint in the form of an intercept and slope:

Equation (5) 

QW=IPW−PBPWQB

QW=I/PW−((PB/PW)*(QB))

Notice that the slope of the budget constraint is equal to –P_B /P_W, and it shows the amount of wine that Warren would have to give up if he were to purchase another slice of bread. If the price of bread were to rise, the budget constraint would become steeper, pivoting through the vertical intercept. Alternatively, if the price of wine were to rise, the budget constraint would become less steep, pivoting downward through the horizontal intercept. If income were to rise, the entire budget constraint would shift outward, parallel to the original constraint, as shown in Exhibit 7

Smith has $60 to spend on bread and wine per month, the price of a slice of bread is $0.50, and the price of an ounce of wine is $0.75.

She could buy 120 slices of bread with all her income or up to 80 ounces of wine.

She can spend half her income on each good (60 slices of bread and 40 ounces of wine)

Nigel’s Pub has a total budget of £128 per week to spend on cod and lamb. The price of cod is £16 per kilogram, and the price of lamb is £10 per kilogram.

1. Calculate Nigel’s budget constraint.

Si se suman las exportaciones e importaciones del comercio intrafirma de las empresas multinacionales de EU establecidas en México, superan los 100 mil millones de dólares anuales.

Gravar las exportaciones de México a EU será gravar también a las exportaciones de EU a México.

Un ejemplo de esta integración lo da la Ford y el modelo F-150 se convirtió en un caso. La planta de Essex en Windsor, Canadá, se convirtió en la sede de la producción del modelo Tritón, de 8 cilindros, mientras que en IMMSA, empresa regiomontana se fabrica el chasis denominado M450.

México debe fortalecer su posición negociadora acercándose a la otra superpotencia comercial: China.

Datos de la Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores (CNBV) muestran que entre octubre de 2015 y el mismo mes de este año las tasas de interés para las empresas grandes se elevaron de 5.64 a 7.14 por ciento en promedio, 1.5 puntos más.

En las pequeñas empresas el aumento fue mayor, de 1.65 puntos, al pasar de 8.6 a 10.25 y en las medianas pasó de 6.93 a 8.66 por ciento, 1.73 puntos más.

"Students are subordinate to materials…Material beats method."

precise and more ambiguous in the sense that one word may have either of two or more meanings. The common languages are not understood internationally but require translation. Two attempts to provide an international language may be mentioned. Esperanto is an artificial amalgam based on words common to the chief European languages. Basic English is a careful selection of 850 English words, which through paraphrase are designed to do duty for a wider vocabulary. 5 A common language may be native or foreign according to place, or living or dead according to usage. Every dead language, such as Latin, was at one time a living common language. It may be serviceable for special uses, such as liturgy or doctrine, 6 from the very fact that it is a dead language and, therefore, not subject to changes or to a variet y of interpretations as a living language is. A dead language is more likely to be understood in exactly the same way in all t imes and places. According to the mode of expression, a common language may be a system of either spoken symbols or of other signs. The spoken language is the original and fundament al system of symbols for which all other signs are merely substituted. The written language is the most important substitute and the only one ordinarily understood. Among other substitute signs are Braille, sign language, the semaphore code. Each of these substitutes merely renders into its own system of signs words of a common language. THE NAT URE OF LANGUAGE It is the nature of language to communicate through symbols

It is the nature of language to communicate through symbol

Language is a system of symbols for expressing our thoughts, volitions, and emotions

A word, like every other physical reality, is constituted of matter and form.

A word is a symbol. Its matter is the sensible sign; its form is the meaning imposed upon it by convention.

Matter and form are metaphysical concepts necessary to the philosophical understanding of any material whole, for together they constitute every such whole.

Matter is defined as the first intrinsic and purely potential principle of a corporeal essence; as such, it cannot actually exist without form, for it is not a body but a principle of a body, intrinsically const ituting it.

Form is the first intrinsic and actual principle of a corporeal essence

In animals, t he body is the matter and the soul is the form.

In water, the matter consists of hydrogen and oxygen; the form is the precise mode of their union in a molecule of water and may be expressed by the chemical formula H 2 O.

The matter of words in spoken language is the sound.