# on 15-Feb-2017 (Wed)

#### Flashcard 1425561488652

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Reading 14 addresses the [...] by individuals who make decisions to maximize the satisfaction they receive from present and future consumption.
demand for goods and services

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Reading 14 covers the theory of the consumer, which addresses the demand for goods and services by individuals who make decisions to maximize the satisfaction they receive from present and future consumption.

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Study Session 4
cribe the marketplace behavior of consumers and firms. Reading 13 explains the concepts and tools of demand and supply analysis—the study of how buyers and sellers interact to determine transaction prices and quantities. <span>Reading 14 covers the theory of the consumer, which addresses the demand for goods and services by individuals who make decisions to maximize the satisfaction they receive from present and future consumption. Reading 15 deals with the theory of the firm, focusing on the supply of goods and services by profit-maximizing firms. That reading provides the basis for understanding the c

#### Flashcard 1476207447308

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Are debits / credit system and spreadsheet based on what equation?

Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ equity

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APPENDIX 23: A DEBIT/CREDIT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
ad> The main section of this reading presented a basic accounting system represented as a spreadsheet. An alternative system that underlies most manual and electronic accounting systems uses debits and credits. Both a spreadsheet and a debit/credit system are based on the basic accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ equity Early generations of accountants desired a system for recording transactions that maintained the balance of the accounting equation and avoided the use of negative numbers

#### Flashcard 1476239428876

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Question

At any point in time, the balance in a T account is determined by [...] , [...] , and [...].

Adding the amounts on the left side
Adding the amounts on the right side

calculating the difference

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At any point in time, the balance in an account is determined by summing all the amounts on the left side of the account, summing all the amounts on the right side of the account, and calculating the difference. If the sum of amounts on the left side of the account is greater than the sum of amounts on the right side of the account, the account has a debit balance equal to the difference. If t

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APPENDIX 23: A DEBIT/CREDIT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
the right side of the balance sheet (and accounting equation). Increases to liabilities and owners’ equity are recorded on the right side of a T-account; decreases to liabilities and owners’ equity are recorded on the left side. <span>At any point in time, the balance in an account is determined by summing all the amounts on the left side of the account, summing all the amounts on the right side of the account, and calculating the difference. If the sum of amounts on the left side of the account is greater than the sum of amounts on the right side of the account, the account has a debit balance equal to the difference. If the sum of amounts on the right side of the account is greater than the sum of amounts on the left side of the account, the account has a credit balance. A T-account is created for each asset account, liability account, and owners’ equity account. The collection of these T-accounts at the beginning of the year for a fictitio

#### Flashcard 1478049008908

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To which one of the 5 financial statement elements does Accrued Expenses belong?

Liabilities

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Accrued expenses arise when a company incurs expenses that have not yet been paid as of the end of an accounting period. Accrued expenses result in liabilities that usually require future cash payments. In the IAL illustration, the company had incurred wage expenses at month end, but the payment would not be made until af

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ved and the corresponding liability to deliver newsletters) and, subsequently, 12 future adjusting entries, the first one of which was illustrated as Transaction 12. Each adjusting entry reduces the liability and records revenue. <span>In practice, a large amount of unearned revenue may cause some concern about a company’s ability to deliver on this future commitment. Conversely, a positive aspect is that increases in unearned revenue are an indicator of future revenues. For example, a large liability on the balance sheet of an airline relates to cash received for future airline travel. Revenue will be recognized as the travel occurs, so an increase in this liability is an indicator of future increases in revenue. <span><body><html>

#### Flashcard 1478058708236

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Valuation adjustments are made to a company’s [...] or [...]— where required by accounting standards—
assets or liabilities

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Valuation adjustments are made to a company’s assets or liabilities—only where required by accounting standards—so that the accounting records reflect the current market value rather than the historical cost.

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ved and the corresponding liability to deliver newsletters) and, subsequently, 12 future adjusting entries, the first one of which was illustrated as Transaction 12. Each adjusting entry reduces the liability and records revenue. <span>In practice, a large amount of unearned revenue may cause some concern about a company’s ability to deliver on this future commitment. Conversely, a positive aspect is that increases in unearned revenue are an indicator of future revenues. For example, a large liability on the balance sheet of an airline relates to cash received for future airline travel. Revenue will be recognized as the travel occurs, so an increase in this liability is an indicator of future increases in revenue. <span><body><html>

#### Flashcard 1478066310412

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Some assets are shown at their historical cost (e.g., [...]).
Investment securities being held to maturity

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Some assets are shown at their historical cost (e.g., specific classes of investment securities being held to maturity).

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ved and the corresponding liability to deliver newsletters) and, subsequently, 12 future adjusting entries, the first one of which was illustrated as Transaction 12. Each adjusting entry reduces the liability and records revenue. <span>In practice, a large amount of unearned revenue may cause some concern about a company’s ability to deliver on this future commitment. Conversely, a positive aspect is that increases in unearned revenue are an indicator of future revenues. For example, a large liability on the balance sheet of an airline relates to cash received for future airline travel. Revenue will be recognized as the travel occurs, so an increase in this liability is an indicator of future increases in revenue. <span><body><html>

#### Flashcard 1478073126156

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Question
Where valuation adjustment entries are required for assets, the basic pattern is the following for increases in assets:

An asset is increased with the other side of the equation being a gain on [...] or Increase to [...]
the income statement

other comprehensive income.

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Where valuation adjustment entries are required for assets, the basic pattern is the following for increases in assets: An asset is increased with the other side of the equation being a gain on the income statement or an increase to other comprehensive income. An asset is decreased : An asset is decreased with the other side of the equation being a loss on the income statement or a decrease to other comprehensive income.</s

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ved and the corresponding liability to deliver newsletters) and, subsequently, 12 future adjusting entries, the first one of which was illustrated as Transaction 12. Each adjusting entry reduces the liability and records revenue. <span>In practice, a large amount of unearned revenue may cause some concern about a company’s ability to deliver on this future commitment. Conversely, a positive aspect is that increases in unearned revenue are an indicator of future revenues. For example, a large liability on the balance sheet of an airline relates to cash received for future airline travel. Revenue will be recognized as the travel occurs, so an increase in this liability is an indicator of future increases in revenue. <span><body><html>

#### Flashcard 1478191615244

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Accruals are designed to [...] to the [...] for financial reporting purposes.

allocate activity

proper period

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tatement, statement of cash flows, and statement of owners’ equity. The statement of retained earnings is a component of the statement of owners’ equity. Accruals are a necessary part of the accounting process and are designed to <span>allocate activity to the proper period for financial reporting purposes. The results of the accounting process are financial reports that are used by managers, investors, creditors, analysts, and others in makin

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Summary
e basic accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ equity. The expanded accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities + Contributed capital + Beginning retained earnings + Revenue – Expenses – Dividends. <span>Business transactions are recorded in an accounting system that is based on the basic and expanded accounting equations. The accounting system tracks and summarizes data used to create financial statements: the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, and statement of owners’ equity. The statement of retained earnings is a component of the statement of owners’ equity. Accruals are a necessary part of the accounting process and are designed to allocate activity to the proper period for financial reporting purposes. The results of the accounting process are financial reports that are used by managers, investors, creditors, analysts, and others in making business decisions. An analyst uses the financial statements to make judgments on the financial health of a company. Company management can manipulate financial statements, and a perceptive analyst can use his or her understanding of financial statements to detect misrepresentations. <span><body><html>

#### Flashcard 1478426234124

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Net income also includes [...] and [...] that may not be in the ordinary activities of the business.
gains

losses

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Net income also includes gains and losses , which are increases and decreases in economic benefits, respectively, which may or may not arise in the ordinary activities of the business.

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2. COMPONENTS AND FORMAT OF THE INCOME STATEMENT
anone and €160 million is attributable to minority interests. For Kraft, $3,021 million of the net earnings amount is attributable to the shareholders of Kraft Foods and$7 million is attributable to the non-controlling interest. <span>Net income also includes gains and losses , which are increases and decreases in economic benefits, respectively, which may or may not arise in the ordinary activities of the business. For example, when a manufacturing company sells its products, these transactions are reported as revenue, and the costs incurred to generate these revenues are expenses and are presente

#### Annotation 1478546820364

 #biochem #biology #cell In step 6, the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase couples the energetically favorable oxidation of an aldehyde to the energetically unfavorable formation of a high-energy phosphate bond. At the same time, it enables energy to be stored in NADH. The formation of the high-energy phosphate bond is driven by the oxidation reaction, and the enzyme thereby acts like the “paddle wheel” coupler

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#### Annotation 1478548393228

 #biochem #biology #cell Note that the C–H bond oxi- dation energy in step 6 drives the formation of both NADH and a high-energy phosphate bond. The breakage of the high-energy bond then drives ATP forma- tion

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#### Annotation 1478549966092

 #biochem #biology #cell ATP can be formed readily from ADP when a reaction intermediate is formed with a phosphate bond of higher energy than the terminal phosphate bond in ATP.

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#### Annotation 1478551538956

 #biochem #biology #cell To compensate for long periods of fasting, animals store fatty acids as fat droplets composed of water-insoluble triacylglycerols (also called triglycerides).

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#### Annotation 1478553111820

 #biochem #biology #cell When cells need more ATP than they can generate from the food molecules taken in from the bloodstream, they break down glycogen in a reaction that produces glucose 1-phosphate, which is rapidly converted to glucose 6-phosphate for gly- colysis

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#### Annotation 1478554684684

 #biochem #biology #cell he oxidation of a gram of fat releases about twice as much energy as the oxidation of a gram of glycogen

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#### Annotation 1478556257548

 #biochem #biology #cell Moreover, glycogen differs from fat in binding a great deal of water, producing a sixfold difference in the actual mass of glycogen required to store the same amount of energy as fat.

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#### Annotation 1478557830412

 #biochem #biology #cell If our main fuel reservoir had to be carried as glycogen instead of fat, body weight would increase by an average of about 60 pounds

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#### Annotation 1478559403276

 #biochem #biology #cell The fats in plants are triacyl-glyc- erols (triglycerides), just like the fats in animals, and differ only in the types of fatty acids that predominate

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#### Annotation 1478560976140

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks The McCullo ch-Pitts Neuron ( , ) w as an early mo del McCullo ch and Pitts 1943 of brain function.

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#### Annotation 1478562549004

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks This linear mo del (Mucollach-Piits Neuron model) could recognize tw o diﬀeren t categories of inputs b y testing whether f ( x w , ) is p ositiv e or negative. Of course, for the mo del to corresp ond to the desired deﬁnition of the categories, the w eigh ts needed to b e set correctly . These w eigh ts could b e set by the human op erator.

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#### Annotation 1478564908300

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks The adaptiv e linear elemen t (AD ALINE), whic h dates from ab out the same time, simply returned the v alue of f ( x ) itself to predict a real num ber ( Widrow and Hoﬀ 1960 , ), and could also learn to predict these num bers from data.

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#### Annotation 1478568054028

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks The training algorithm used to adapt the weigh ts of the ADALINE w as a sp ecial case of an algorithm called sto c hastic gradien t descen t . Sligh tly mo diﬁed versions of the sto c hastic gradien t descent algorithm remain the dominan t training algorithms for deep learning mo dels to da y .

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#### Annotation 1478569626892

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks Mo dels based on the f ( x w , ) used b y the p erceptron and ADALINE are called linear mo dels . These mo dels remain some of the most widely used machine learning mo dels, though in man y cases they are tr aine d in diﬀerent wa ys than the original mo dels were trained

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#### Annotation 1478571199756

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks Linear mo dels hav e many limitations. Most famously , they cannot learn the X OR function,

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#### Annotation 1478572772620

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks m uc h of the mammalian brain might use a single algorithm to solve most of the diﬀeren t tasks that the brain solv es

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#### Annotation 1478574345484

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks The Neo cognitron ( F ukushima 1980 , ) in tro duced a p ow erful mo del architecture for pro cessing images that was inspired b y the structure of the mammalian visual system and later b ecame the basis for the mo dern conv olutional netw ork

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#### Annotation 1478575918348

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks Most neural net w orks to da y are based on a model neuron called 9.10 the rectiﬁed linear unit .

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#### Annotation 1478577491212

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks The connectionists b egan to study mo dels of cognition that could actually b e grounded in neural implemen tations ( T ouretzky and Minton 1985 , ), reviving many ideas dating back to the work of psychologist Donald Hebb in the 1940s

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#### Annotation 1478579064076

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks The central idea in connectionism is that a large num ber of simple computational units can ac hiev e in telligen t behavior when net w ork ed together.

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#### Annotation 1478580636940

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks distributed represen tation ( Hin ton et al. , 1986 ). This is the idea that each input to a system should b e represen ted b y man y features, and each feature should b e inv olved in the representation of many p ossible inputs.

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#### Annotation 1478582209804

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks back-propagation algorithm ( Rumelhart et al. , ; , ). This algorithm has w axed and w aned in p opularity 1986a LeCun 1987 but as of this writing is currently the dominant approach to training deep mo dels.

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#### Annotation 1478583782668

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks Ho c hreiter and Sc hmidh ub er 1997 ( ) in tro duced the long short-term memory or LSTM net w ork to resolve some of these diﬃculties. T o da y , the LSTM is widely used for many sequence mo deling tasks, including many natural language pro cessing tasks at Go ogle

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#### Annotation 1478586666252

 A letter of credit is a letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. Due to the nature of international dealings, including factors such as distance, differing laws in each country, and difficulty in knowing each party personally, the use of letters of credit has become a very important aspect of international trade.

Letter Of Credit Definition | Investopedia
What is a 'Letter Of Credit' <span>A letter of credit is a letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. Due to the nature of international dealings, including factors such as distance, differing laws in each country, and difficulty in knowing each party personally, the use of letters of credit has become a very important aspect of international trade. BREAKING DOWN 'Letter Of Credit' Because a letter of credit is typically a negotiable instrument, the issuing bank pays the beneficiary or any bank

#### Annotation 1478591384844

 With a letter of credit what happens In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase? the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase.

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A letter of credit is a letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. Due to the nature of international dealings, including factors such as distance, differing laws in each country, and difficulty in knowing each party personally, the use of letters of c

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Letter Of Credit Definition | Investopedia
What is a 'Letter Of Credit' <span>A letter of credit is a letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. Due to the nature of international dealings, including factors such as distance, differing laws in each country, and difficulty in knowing each party personally, the use of letters of credit has become a very important aspect of international trade. BREAKING DOWN 'Letter Of Credit' Because a letter of credit is typically a negotiable instrument, the issuing bank pays the beneficiary or any bank

#### Flashcard 1478593219852

Question
With a letter of credit what happens In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase? [...]
the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase.

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With a letter of credit what happens In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase? the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase.

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Letter Of Credit Definition | Investopedia
What is a 'Letter Of Credit' <span>A letter of credit is a letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. Due to the nature of international dealings, including factors such as distance, differing laws in each country, and difficulty in knowing each party personally, the use of letters of credit has become a very important aspect of international trade. BREAKING DOWN 'Letter Of Credit' Because a letter of credit is typically a negotiable instrument, the issuing bank pays the beneficiary or any bank

#### Annotation 1478594792716

 Due to the nature of international dealings, including factors such as distance, differing laws in each country, and difficulty in knowing each party personally, the use of letters of credit has become a very important aspect of international trade.

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ng that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. <span>Due to the nature of international dealings, including factors such as distance, differing laws in each country, and difficulty in knowing each party personally, the use of letters of credit has become a very important aspect of international trade.<span><body><html>

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Letter Of Credit Definition | Investopedia
What is a 'Letter Of Credit' <span>A letter of credit is a letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. Due to the nature of international dealings, including factors such as distance, differing laws in each country, and difficulty in knowing each party personally, the use of letters of credit has become a very important aspect of international trade. BREAKING DOWN 'Letter Of Credit' Because a letter of credit is typically a negotiable instrument, the issuing bank pays the beneficiary or any bank

#### Annotation 1478595841292

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks Biological neurons are not esp ecially densely connected. As seen in ﬁgure , 1.10 our mac hine learning mo dels hav e had a num ber of connections p er neuron that w as within an order of magnitude of even mammalian brains for decades

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#### Annotation 1478597414156

 Banks typically require a pledge of securities or cash as collateral for issuing a letter of credit.

Letter Of Credit Definition | Investopedia
bank pays the beneficiary or any bank nominated by the beneficiary. If a letter of credit is transferrable, the beneficiary may assign another entity, such as a corporate parent or a third party, the right to draw. Funding a Letter of Credit <span>Banks typically require a pledge of securities or cash as collateral for issuing a letter of credit. Banks also collect a fee for service, typically a percentage of the size of the letter of credit. The International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Cred

#### Annotation 1478599249164

 Banks also collect a fee for service, typically a percentage of the size of the letter of credit.

Letter Of Credit Definition | Investopedia
rrable, the beneficiary may assign another entity, such as a corporate parent or a third party, the right to draw. Funding a Letter of Credit Banks typically require a pledge of securities or cash as collateral for issuing a letter of credit. <span>Banks also collect a fee for service, typically a percentage of the size of the letter of credit. The International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits oversees letters of credit used in international transactions. Example of a Letter of Credit C

#### Annotation 1478601084172

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks In terms of the total n um ber of neurons, neural netw orks hav e b een astonishingly small until quite recently , as shown in ﬁgure . Since the introduction of hidden 1.11 units, artiﬁcial neural net w orks hav e doubled in size roughly every 2.4 years.

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#### Annotation 1478602657036

 A commercial letter of credit is a direct payment method in which the issuing bank makes the payments to the beneficiary.

Letter Of Credit Definition | Investopedia
ters of credit typically within two business days, guaranteeing payment by the confirming Citibank branch. This benefit is especially valuable when a client is located in a potentially unstable economic environment. Types of Letters of Credit <span>A commercial letter of credit is a direct payment method in which the issuing bank makes the payments to the beneficiary. In contrast, a standby letter of credit is a secondary payment method in which the bank pays the beneficiary only when the holder cannot. A revolving letter of credit lets the customer

#### Annotation 1478603967756

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks Unless new technologies allo w faster scaling, artiﬁcial neural netw orks will not hav e the same n um b er of neurons as the human brain un til at least the 2050s

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#### Flashcard 1478605016332

Question
A [...] of credit is a direct payment method in which the issuing bank makes the payments to the beneficiary.
commercial letter

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A commercial letter of credit is a direct payment method in which the issuing bank makes the payments to the beneficiary.

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Letter Of Credit Definition | Investopedia
ters of credit typically within two business days, guaranteeing payment by the confirming Citibank branch. This benefit is especially valuable when a client is located in a potentially unstable economic environment. Types of Letters of Credit <span>A commercial letter of credit is a direct payment method in which the issuing bank makes the payments to the beneficiary. In contrast, a standby letter of credit is a secondary payment method in which the bank pays the beneficiary only when the holder cannot. A revolving letter of credit lets the customer

#### Annotation 1478607113484

 a standby letter of credit is a secondary payment method in which the bank pays the beneficiary only when the holder cannot.

Letter Of Credit Definition | Investopedia
aluable when a client is located in a potentially unstable economic environment. Types of Letters of Credit A commercial letter of credit is a direct payment method in which the issuing bank makes the payments to the beneficiary. In contrast, <span>a standby letter of credit is a secondary payment method in which the bank pays the beneficiary only when the holder cannot. A revolving letter of credit lets the customer make any number of draws within a certain limit during a specific time period. A traveler’s letter of credit guarantees the issuing banks

#### Annotation 1478608162060

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks Ev en to day’s netw orks, whic h we consider quite large from a computational systems p oint of view, are smaller than the nervous system of even relativ ely primitiv e v ertebrate animals like frogs

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#### Flashcard 1478609210636

Question
a [...] is a secondary payment method in which the bank pays the beneficiary only when the holder cannot.
standby letter of credit

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a standby letter of credit is a secondary payment method in which the bank pays the beneficiary only when the holder cannot.

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Letter Of Credit Definition | Investopedia
aluable when a client is located in a potentially unstable economic environment. Types of Letters of Credit A commercial letter of credit is a direct payment method in which the issuing bank makes the payments to the beneficiary. In contrast, <span>a standby letter of credit is a secondary payment method in which the bank pays the beneficiary only when the holder cannot. A revolving letter of credit lets the customer make any number of draws within a certain limit during a specific time period. A traveler’s letter of credit guarantees the issuing banks

#### Annotation 1478613929228

 #buyers-credit #indian-eximbank Through this programme, the overseas buyer can open a "letter of credit" in favour of the Indian exporter and can import goods and services from India on deferred payment terms.

Buyer's Credit - Financial Products - Exim Bank
Inspiration to expand possibilities Buyer's Credit is our unique credit facility programme that motivates Indian exporters to explore new geographies. <span>Through this programme, the overseas buyer can open a "letter of credit" in favour of the Indian exporter and can import goods and services from India on deferred payment terms. While on the one hand, the exporter enjoys reduced transaction costs and complexities of international trade transactions, on the other hand, the Indian exporter gets to compete in the

#### Flashcard 1478614977804

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Question
Through this programme, the overseas buyer can open a "[...]" in favour of the Indian exporter and can import goods and services from India on deferred payment terms.
letter of credit

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Through this programme, the overseas buyer can open a "letter of credit" in favour of the Indian exporter and can import goods and services from India on deferred payment terms.

#### Original toplevel document

Buyer's Credit - Financial Products - Exim Bank
Inspiration to expand possibilities Buyer's Credit is our unique credit facility programme that motivates Indian exporters to explore new geographies. <span>Through this programme, the overseas buyer can open a "letter of credit" in favour of the Indian exporter and can import goods and services from India on deferred payment terms. While on the one hand, the exporter enjoys reduced transaction costs and complexities of international trade transactions, on the other hand, the Indian exporter gets to compete in the

#### Annotation 1478616550668

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks neural T uring mac hines ( Gra v es 2014a et al. , ) that learn to read from memory cells and write arbitrary conten t to memory cells. Suc h neural net w orks can learn simple programs from examples of desired b ehavior. F or example, they can learn to sort lists of num b ers giv en examples of scrambled and sorted sequences. This self-programming technology is in its infancy , but in the future could in principle b e applied to nearly any task

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#### Annotation 1478618123532

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks In the con text of reinforcemen t learning, an autonomous agen t must learn to p erform a task b y trial and error, without any guidance from the human op erator.

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#### Annotation 1478619696396

 #deeplearning #neuralnetworks Next, w e describ e the fundamen tal goals of machine learning. W e describe how to accomplish these goals b y sp ecifying a mo del that represen ts certain b eliefs, designing a cost function that measures how well those beliefs corresp ond with realit y and using a training algorithm to minimize that cost function.

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#### Annotation 1478625463564

 The Buddhist path has often been called a “spiritual path,” and this use of religious language can be very inspiring for some people.

MCTB Introduction to Part I - Wiki - www.dharmaoverground.org
aft Pages Search MCTB Introduction to Part I [imagelink] Edit [imagelink] Details [imagelink] Print If you didn’t read the Foreword and Warning, do so now. <span>The Buddhist path has often been called a “spiritual path,” and this use of religious language can be very inspiring for some people. The Buddhist path could also be thought of in terms of a scientific experiment, a set of exercises that the Buddha and those who have followed him have claimed lead to very specific eff

#### Flashcard 1478670552332

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Question
Valuation adjustments to assets or liabilities are made so that the accounting records reflect the [...] rather than the [...].
current market value

historical cost

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Valuation adjustments are made to a company’s assets or liabilities—only where required by accounting standards—so that the accounting records reflect the current market value rather than the historical cost.

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ved and the corresponding liability to deliver newsletters) and, subsequently, 12 future adjusting entries, the first one of which was illustrated as Transaction 12. Each adjusting entry reduces the liability and records revenue. <span>In practice, a large amount of unearned revenue may cause some concern about a company’s ability to deliver on this future commitment. Conversely, a positive aspect is that increases in unearned revenue are an indicator of future revenues. For example, a large liability on the balance sheet of an airline relates to cash received for future airline travel. Revenue will be recognized as the travel occurs, so an increase in this liability is an indicator of future increases in revenue. <span><body><html>

#### Annotation 1478683659532

 What is 'Depletion' Depletion is an accrual accounting technique used to allocate the cost of extracting natural resources such as timber, minerals and oil from the earth. Unlike depreciation and amortization, which mainly describe the deduction of expenses due to the aging of equipment and property, depletion is the actual physical depletion of natural resources by companies.

Depletion Definition | Investopedia
<span>What is 'Depletion' Depletion is an accrual accounting technique used to allocate the cost of extracting natural resources such as timber, minerals and oil from the earth. Unlike depreciation and amortization, which mainly describe the deduction of expenses due to the aging of equipment and property, depletion is the actual physical depletion of natural resources by companies. !--break--For accounting and financial reporting purposes, depletion is meant to assist in accurately identifying the value of the assets on the balance sheet and recording expenses in

#### Flashcard 1478686280972

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[...] is an accrual accounting technique used to allocate the cost of extracting natural resources such as timber, minerals and oil from the earth.

Depletion

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What is 'Depletion' Depletion is an accrual accounting technique used to allocate the cost of extracting natural resources such as timber, minerals and oil from the earth. Unlike depreciation and amortization, which

#### Original toplevel document

Depletion Definition | Investopedia
<span>What is 'Depletion' Depletion is an accrual accounting technique used to allocate the cost of extracting natural resources such as timber, minerals and oil from the earth. Unlike depreciation and amortization, which mainly describe the deduction of expenses due to the aging of equipment and property, depletion is the actual physical depletion of natural resources by companies. !--break--For accounting and financial reporting purposes, depletion is meant to assist in accurately identifying the value of the assets on the balance sheet and recording expenses in

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Question
What could be a difference between net income and operating income besides interests and taxes?
Income from discontinued operations.

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Sometimes interest and taxes do not represent the only differences between net income and operating income . For example, some companies separately report some income from discontinued operations.<

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2. COMPONENTS AND FORMAT OF THE INCOME STATEMENT
significant variations across companies. Operating profit is sometimes referred to as EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes). However, operating profit and EBIT are not necessarily the same. Note that in both Exhibits 1 and 2, <span>interest and taxes do not represent the only differences between earnings (net income, net earnings) and operating income. For example, both companies separately report some income from discontinued operations. Exhibit 3 shows an excerpt from the income statement of CRA International (NASDAQ GS: CRAI), a company providing management consulting services. Accordingly, CRA deducts co

#### Flashcard 1479030213900

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Question
To which financial statement element does Unearned Revenue belong?

Liabilities

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A positive aspect of unearned revenue is that increases in unearned revenue are an indicator of future revenues. For example, a large liability on the balance sheet of an airline relates to cash received for future airline travel. Revenue will be recognized as the travel occurs, so an increase in this liability is an indicator of future increases in revenue.

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ved and the corresponding liability to deliver newsletters) and, subsequently, 12 future adjusting entries, the first one of which was illustrated as Transaction 12. Each adjusting entry reduces the liability and records revenue. <span>In practice, a large amount of unearned revenue may cause some concern about a company’s ability to deliver on this future commitment. Conversely, a positive aspect is that increases in unearned revenue are an indicator of future revenues. For example, a large liability on the balance sheet of an airline relates to cash received for future airline travel. Revenue will be recognized as the travel occurs, so an increase in this liability is an indicator of future increases in revenue. <span><body><html>

#### Annotation 1479037291788

 What Are Emotions For? #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for It is with the heart that one sees rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye. ANTOINE DE SAINT-EXUPÉRY, The Little Prince Ponder the last moments of Gary and Mary Jane Chauncey, a couple completely devoted to their eleven-year-old daughter Andrea, who was confined to a wheelchair by cerebral palsy. The Chauncey family were passengers on an Amtrak train that crashed into a river after a barge hit and weakened a railroad bridge in Louisiana's bayou country. Thinking first of their daughter, the couple tried their best to save Andrea as water rushed into the sinking train; somehow they managed to push Andrea through a window to rescuers. Then, as the car sank beneath the water, they perished. Andrea's story, of parents whose last heroic act is to ensure their child's survival, captures a moment of almost mythic courage. Without doubt such incidents of parental sacrifice for their progeny have been repeated countless times in human history and prehistory, and countless more in the larger course of evolution of our species. Seen from the perspective of evolutionary biologists, such parental self-sacrifice is in the service of "reproductive success" in passing on one's genes to future generations. But from the perspective of a parent making a desperate decision in a moment of crisis, it is about nothing other than love. As an insight into the purpose and potency of emotions, this exemplary act of parental heroism testifies to the role of altruistic love—and every other emotion we feel—in human life. 3 It suggests that our deepest feelings, our passions and longings, are essential guides, and that our species owes much of its existence to their power in human affairs. That power is extraordinary: Only a potent love —the urgency of saving a cherished child—could lead a parent to override the impulse for personal survival. Seen from the intellect, their self-sacrifice was arguably irrational; seen from the heart, it was the only choice to make. Sociobiologists point to the preeminence of heart over head at such crucial moments when they conjecture about why evolution has given emotion such a central role in the human psyche. Our emotions, they say, guide us in facing predicaments and tasks too important to leave to intellect alone —danger, painful loss, persisting toward a goal despite frustrations, bonding with a mate, building a family. Each emotion offers a distinctive readiness to act; each points us in a direction that has worked well to handle the recurring challenges of human life. 4 As these eternal situations were repeated and repeated over our evolutionary history, the survival value of our emotional repertoire was attested to by its becoming imprinted in our nerves as innate, automatic tendencies of the human heart. A view of human nature that ignores the power of emotions is sadly shortsighted. The very name Homo sapiens, the thinking species, is misleading in light of the new appreciation and vision of the place of emotions in our lives that science now offers. As we all know from experience, when it comes to shaping our decisions and our actions, feeling counts every bit as much—and often more— than thought. We have gone too far in emphasizing the value and import of the purely rational—of what IQ measures—in human life. Intelligence can come to nothing when the emotions hold sway.

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#### Annotation 1479039126796

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for It is with the heart that one sees rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye. ANTOINE DE SAINT-EXUPÉRY

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It is with the heart that one sees rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye. ANTOINE DE SAINT-EXUPÉRY, The Little Prince Ponder the last moments of Gary and Mary Jane Chauncey, a couple completely devoted to their eleven-year-old daughter Andrea, who was confined to a wheelch

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#### Flashcard 1479040175372

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for
Question
It is with the heart that one sees rightly; what is essential is [...].
ANTOINE DE SAINT-EXUPÉRY
invisible to the eye

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It is with the heart that one sees rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye. ANTOINE DE SAINT-EXUPÉRY

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#### Annotation 1479041748236

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for Only a potent love —the urgency of saving a cherished child—could lead a parent to override the impulse for personal survival. Seen from the intellect, their self-sacrifice was arguably irrational; seen from the heart, it was the only choice to make.

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every other emotion we feel—in human life. 3 It suggests that our deepest feelings, our passions and longings, are essential guides, and that our species owes much of its existence to their power in human affairs. That power is extraordinary: <span>Only a potent love —the urgency of saving a cherished child—could lead a parent to override the impulse for personal survival. Seen from the intellect, their self-sacrifice was arguably irrational; seen from the heart, it was the only choice to make. Sociobiologists point to the preeminence of heart over head at such crucial moments when they conjecture about why evolution has given emotion such a central role in the h

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#### Annotation 1479043321100

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for Each emotion offers a distinctive readiness to act; each points us in a direction that has worked well to handle the recurring challenges of human life

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ole in the human psyche. Our emotions, they say, guide us in facing predicaments and tasks too important to leave to intellect alone —danger, painful loss, persisting toward a goal despite frustrations, bonding with a mate, building a family. <span>Each emotion offers a distinctive readiness to act; each points us in a direction that has worked well to handle the recurring challenges of human life. 4 As these eternal situations were repeated and repeated over our evolutionary history, the survival value of our emotional repertoire was attested to by its becoming imprinted in our

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#### Annotation 1479044893964

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for As some recurrent situations were repeated over and over our evolutionary history, the survival value of our emotional reactions got imprinted in our nerves as innate, automatic tendencies of the human heart.

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persisting toward a goal despite frustrations, bonding with a mate, building a family. Each emotion offers a distinctive readiness to act; each points us in a direction that has worked well to handle the recurring challenges of human life. 4 <span>As these eternal situations were repeated and repeated over our evolutionary history, the survival value of our emotional repertoire was attested to by its becoming imprinted in our nerves as innate, automatic tendencies of the human heart. A view of human nature that ignores the power of emotions is sadly shortsighted. The very name Homo sapiens, the thinking species, is misleading in light of the new apprec

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#### Annotation 1479047253260

 WHEN PASSIONS OVERWHELM REASON #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons It was a tragedy of errors. Fourteen-year-old Matilda Crabtree was just playing a practical joke on her father: she jumped out of a closet and yelled "Boo!" as her parents came home at one in the morning from visiting friends. But Bobby Crabtree and his wife thought Matilda was staying with friends that night. Hearing noises as he entered the house, Crabtree reached for his .357 caliber pistol and went into Matilda's bedroom to investigate. When his daughter jumped from the closet, Crabtree shot her in the neck. Matilda Crabtree died twelve hours later. One emotional legacy of evolution is the fear that mobilizes us to protect our family from danger; that impulse impelled Bobby Crabtree to get his gun and search his house for the intruder he thought was prowling there. Fear primed Crabtree to shoot before he could fully register what he was shooting at, even before he could recognize his daughter's voice. Automatic reactions of this sort have become etched in our nervous system, evolutionary biologists presume, because for a long and crucial period in human prehistory they made the difference between survival and death. Even more important, they mattered for the main task of evolution: being able to bear progeny who would carry on these very genetic predispositions—a sad irony, given the tragedy at the Crabtree household. But while our emotions have been wise guides in the evolutionary long run, the new realities civilization presents have arisen with such rapidity that the slow march of evolution cannot keep up. Indeed, the first laws and proclamations of ethics—the Code of Hammurabi, the Ten Commandments of the Hebrews, the Edicts of Emperor Ashoka—can be read as attempts to harness, subdue, and domesticate emotional life. As Freud described in Civilization and Its Discontents, society has had to enforce from without rules meant to subdue tides of emotional excess that surge too freely within. Despite these social constraints, passions overwhelm reason time and again. This given of human nature arises from the basic architecture of mental life. In terms of biological design for the basic neural circuitry of emotion, what we are born with is what worked best for the last 50,000 human generations, not the last 500 generations—and certainly not the last five. The slow, deliberate forces of evolution that have shaped our emotions have done their work over the course of a million years; the last 10,000 years—despite having witnessed the rapid rise of human civilization and the explosion of the human population from five million to five billion—have left little imprint on our biological templates for emotional life. For better or for worse, our appraisal of every personal encounter and our responses to it are shaped not just by our rational judgments or our personal history, but also by our distant ancestral past. This leaves us with sometimes tragic propensities, as witness the sad events at the Crabtree household. In short, we too often confront postmodern dilemmas with an emotional repertoire tailored to the urgencies of the Pleistocene. That predicament is at the heart of my subject.

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#### Annotation 1479049088268

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons One emotional legacy of evolution is the fear that mobilizes us to protect our family from danger

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e entered the house, Crabtree reached for his .357 caliber pistol and went into Matilda's bedroom to investigate. When his daughter jumped from the closet, Crabtree shot her in the neck. Matilda Crabtree died twelve hours later. <span>One emotional legacy of evolution is the fear that mobilizes us to protect our family from danger; that impulse impelled Bobby Crabtree to get his gun and search his house for the intruder he thought was prowling there. Fear primed Crabtree to shoot before he could fully register wh

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
One emotional legacy of evolution is [...] that mobilizes us to protect our family from danger
the fear

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One emotional legacy of evolution is the fear that mobilizes us to protect our family from danger

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#### Annotation 1479051709708

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons Automatic reactions are rooted in our nervous system because for a long period in human prehistory they made the difference between survival and death.

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lled Bobby Crabtree to get his gun and search his house for the intruder he thought was prowling there. Fear primed Crabtree to shoot before he could fully register what he was shooting at, even before he could recognize his daughter's voice. <span>Automatic reactions of this sort have become etched in our nervous system, evolutionary biologists presume, because for a long and crucial period in human prehistory they made the difference between survival and death. Even more important, they mattered for the main task of evolution: being able to bear progeny who would carry on these very genetic predispositions—a sad irony, given the tragedy at the

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#### Flashcard 1479053544716

Tags
#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
Automatic reactions are rooted in our nervous system because [...].
for a long period they made the difference between survival and death

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Automatic reactions are rooted in our nervous system because for a long period in human prehistory they made the difference between survival and death.

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#### Annotation 1479055904012

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons While our emotions have helped evolutionary, new realities have arisen so fast in civilization that evolution cannot keep up.

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en survival and death. Even more important, they mattered for the main task of evolution: being able to bear progeny who would carry on these very genetic predispositions—a sad irony, given the tragedy at the Crabtree household. <span>But while our emotions have been wise guides in the evolutionary long run, the new realities civilization presents have arisen with such rapidity that the slow march of evolution cannot keep up. Indeed, the first laws and proclamations of ethics—the Code of Hammurabi, the Ten Commandments of the Hebrews, the Edicts of Emperor Ashoka—can be read as attempts to harness, subdue, a

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
While our emotions have helped evolutionary, new realities have arisen so fast in civilization that [...]
evolution cannot keep up.

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While our emotions have helped evolutionary, new realities have arisen so fast in civilization that evolution cannot keep up.

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#### Annotation 1479059836172

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons Despite social constraints, passions overwhelm reason time and again.

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ts to harness, subdue, and domesticate emotional life. As Freud described in Civilization and Its Discontents, society has had to enforce from without rules meant to subdue tides of emotional excess that surge too freely within. <span>Despite these social constraints, passions overwhelm reason time and again. This given of human nature arises from the basic architecture of mental life. In terms of biological design for the basic neural circuitry of emotion, what we are born with is what work

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
Despite social constraints, [...] time and again.
passions overwhelm reason

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Despite social constraints, passions overwhelm reason time and again.

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#### Annotation 1479064292620

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons The last 10,000 years—despite having witnessed the rapid rise of human civilization—have left little imprint on our biological templates for emotional life.

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chitecture of mental life. In terms of biological design for the basic neural circuitry of emotion, what we are born with is what worked best for the last 50,000 human generations, not the last 500 generations—and certainly not the last five. <span>The slow, deliberate forces of evolution that have shaped our emotions have done their work over the course of a million years; the last 10,000 years—despite having witnessed the rapid rise of human civilization and the explosion of the human population from five million to five billion—have left little imprint on our biological templates for emotional life. For better or for worse, our appraisal of every personal encounter and our responses to it are shaped not just by our rational judgments or our personal history, but also

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#### Flashcard 1479066914060

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
The last 10,000 years—despite having witnessed the rapid rise of human civilization—have [...] for emotional life.
left little imprint on our biological templates

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The last 10,000 years—despite having witnessed the rapid rise of human civilization—have left little imprint on our biological templates for emotional life.

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#### Annotation 1479070846220

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons All emotions are, in essence, impulses to act, the instant plans for handling life that evolution has instilled in us.

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ife. Like a rabbit frozen in terror at the hint of a passing fox—or a protomammal hiding from a marauding dinosaur—I was overtaken by an internal state that compelled me to stop, pay attention, and take heed of a coming clanger. <span>All emotions are, in essence, impulses to act, the instant plans for handling life that evolution has instilled in us. The very root of the word emotion is motere, the Latin verb "to move," plus the prefix "e-" to connote "move away," suggesting that a tendency to act is im

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
All emotions are, in essence [...]
impulses to act

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All emotions are, in essence, impulses to act, the instant plans for handling life that evolution has instilled in us.

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#### Annotation 1479074254092

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons The root of the word emotion is motere, the Latin verb "to move," this means a tendency to act is implicit in every emotion.

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s overtaken by an internal state that compelled me to stop, pay attention, and take heed of a coming clanger. All emotions are, in essence, impulses to act, the instant plans for handling life that evolution has instilled in us. <span>The very root of the word emotion is motere, the Latin verb "to move," plus the prefix "e-" to connote "move away," suggesting that a tendency to act is implicit in every emotion. That emotions lead to actions is most obvious in watching animals or children; it is only in "civilized" adults we so often find the great anomaly in the animal kingdom, emoti

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
The root of the word emotion is [...], the Latin verb " [...]," this means a tendency to act is implicit in every emotion.
motere

to move

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The root of the word emotion is motere, the Latin verb "to move," this means a tendency to act is implicit in every emotion.

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#### Annotation 1479079234828

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons Only in "civilized" adults we can find an anomaly in which, emotions—root impulses to act— are divorced from their obvious reaction.

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he Latin verb "to move," plus the prefix "e-" to connote "move away," suggesting that a tendency to act is implicit in every emotion. That emotions lead to actions is most obvious in watching animals or children; <span>it is only in "civilized" adults we so often find the great anomaly in the animal kingdom, emotions—root impulses to act— divorced from obvious reaction. In our emotional repertoire each emotion plays a unique role, as revealed by their distinctive biological signatures (see Appendix A for details on "basic" emotio

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
Only in [...] we can find this anomaly: Emotions—root impulses to act— are divorced from their obvious reaction.

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Only in "civilized" adults we can find an anomaly in which, emotions—root impulses to act— are divorced from their obvious reaction.

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#### Annotation 1479083429132

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons With anger blood flows to the hands, making it easier to grasp a weapon or strike at a foe; heart rate increases, and a rush of hormones such as adrenaline generates a pulse of energy strong enough for vigorous action.

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x A for details on "basic" emotions). With new methods to peer into the body and brain, researchers are discovering more physiological details of how each emotion prepares the body for a very different kind of response: • <span>With anger blood flows to the hands, making it easier to grasp a weapon or strike at a foe; heart rate increases, and a rush of hormones such as adrenaline generates a pulse of energy strong enough for vigorous action. • With fear blood goes to the large skeletal muscles, such as in the legs, making it easier to flee— and making the face blanch as blood is shunted away from it (creating the

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Tags
#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
With [...] blood flows to the hands, heart rate increases, and a rush of hormones such as adrenaline generates a pulse of energy strong enough for vigorous action.
anger

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With anger blood flows to the hands, making it easier to grasp a weapon or strike at a foe; heart rate increases, and a rush of hormones such as adrenaline generates a pulse of energy strong enoug

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#### Flashcard 1479086050572

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
Why does blood flows to the handswith anger?
make it easier to grasp a weapon or strike at a foe

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With anger blood flows to the hands, making it easier to grasp a weapon or strike at a foe; heart rate increases, and a rush of hormones such as adrenaline generates a pulse of energy strong enoug

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#### Annotation 1479088934156

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons With fear blood goes to the large skeletal muscles, such as in the legs, making it easier to flee— and making the face blanch as blood is shunted away from it (creating the feeling that the blood "runs cold"). At the same time, the body freezes, if only for a moment, perhaps allowing time to gauge whether hiding might be a better reaction. Circuits in the brain's emotional centers trigger a flood of hormones that put the body on general alert, making it edgy and ready for action, and attention fixates on the threat at hand, the better to evaluate what response to make.

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3; • With anger blood flows to the hands, making it easier to grasp a weapon or strike at a foe; heart rate increases, and a rush of hormones such as adrenaline generates a pulse of energy strong enough for vigorous action. • <span>With fear blood goes to the large skeletal muscles, such as in the legs, making it easier to flee— and making the face blanch as blood is shunted away from it (creating the feeling that the blood "runs cold"). At the same time, the body freezes, if only for a moment, perhaps allowing time to gauge whether hiding might be a better reaction. Circuits in the brain's emotional centers trigger a flood of hormones that put the body on general alert, making it edgy and ready for action, and attention fixates on the threat at hand, the better to evaluate what response to make. • Among the main biological changes in happiness is an increased activity in a brain center that inhibits negative feelings and fosters an increase in available energy, and a

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
With [...] blood goes to the large skeletal muscles, such as in the legs,— and making the face blanch as blood is shunted away from it (creating the feeling that the blood "runs cold").
fear

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With fear blood goes to the large skeletal muscles, such as in the legs, making it easier to flee— and making the face blanch as blood is shunted away from it (creating the feeling that the blood

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
The body freezes, if only for a moment, perhaps allowing time to gauge whether hiding might be a better reaction.

In which emotion?
Fear, you pussy

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span>With fear blood goes to the large skeletal muscles, such as in the legs, making it easier to flee— and making the face blanch as blood is shunted away from it (creating the feeling that the blood "runs cold"). At the same time, <span>the body freezes, if only for a moment, perhaps allowing time to gauge whether hiding might be a better reaction. Circuits in the brain's emotional centers trigger a flood of hormones that put the body on general alert, making it edgy and ready for action, and attention fixates on the threat at han

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When you feel [...], circuits in the brain's emotional centers trigger a flood of hormones that put the body on general alert, making it edgy and ready for action, and attention fixates on the threat at hand, the better to evaluate what response to make.
afraid

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the face blanch as blood is shunted away from it (creating the feeling that the blood "runs cold"). At the same time, the body freezes, if only for a moment, perhaps allowing time to gauge whether hiding might be a better reaction. <span>Circuits in the brain's emotional centers trigger a flood of hormones that put the body on general alert, making it edgy and ready for action, and attention fixates on the threat at hand, the better to evaluate what response to make.<span><body><html>

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#### Annotation 1479097060620

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons Among the main biological changes in happiness is an increased activity in a brain center that inhibits negative feelings and fosters an increase in available energy, and a quieting of those that generate worrisome thought. But there is no particular shift in physiology save a quiescence, which makes the body recover more quickly from the biological arousal of upsetting emotions. This configuration offers the body a general rest, as well as readiness and enthusiasm for whatever task is at hand and for striving toward a great variety of goals.

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uits in the brain's emotional centers trigger a flood of hormones that put the body on general alert, making it edgy and ready for action, and attention fixates on the threat at hand, the better to evaluate what response to make. • <span>Among the main biological changes in happiness is an increased activity in a brain center that inhibits negative feelings and fosters an increase in available energy, and a quieting of those that generate worrisome thought. But there is no particular shift in physiology save a quiescence, which makes the body recover more quickly from the biological arousal of upsetting emotions. This configuration offers the body a general rest, as well as readiness and enthusiasm for whatever task is at hand and for striving toward a great variety of goals. • Love, tender feelings, and sexual satisfaction entail parasympathetic arousal—the physiological opposite of the "fight-or-flight" mobilization shared by fear and

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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Among the main biological changes in [...] is an increased activity in a brain center that inhibits negative feelings and fosters an increase in available energy, and a quieting of those that generate worrisome thought.
happiness

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Among the main biological changes in happiness is an increased activity in a brain center that inhibits negative feelings and fosters an increase in available energy, and a quieting of those that generate worrisome thought. But ther

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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Which configuration offers the body a general rest, as well as readiness and enthusiasm for whatever task is at hand and for striving toward a great variety of goals?
Happiness

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rease in available energy, and a quieting of those that generate worrisome thought. But there is no particular shift in physiology save a quiescence, which makes the body recover more quickly from the biological arousal of upsetting emotions. <span>This configuration offers the body a general rest, as well as readiness and enthusiasm for whatever task is at hand and for striving toward a great variety of goals.<span><body><html>

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#### Annotation 1479103089932

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons Love, tender feelings, and sexual satisfaction entail parasympathetic arousal—the physiological opposite of the "fight-or-flight" mobilization shared by fear and anger. The parasympathetic pattern, dubbed the "relaxation response," is a body wide set of reactions that generates a general state of calm and contentment, facilitating cooperation.

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more quickly from the biological arousal of upsetting emotions. This configuration offers the body a general rest, as well as readiness and enthusiasm for whatever task is at hand and for striving toward a great variety of goals. • <span>Love, tender feelings, and sexual satisfaction entail parasympathetic arousal—the physiological opposite of the "fight-or-flight" mobilization shared by fear and anger. The parasympathetic pattern, dubbed the "relaxation response," is a body wide set of reactions that generates a general state of calm and contentment, facilitating cooperation. • The lifting of the eyebrows in surprise allows the taking in of a larger visual sweep and also permits more light to strike the retina. This offers more information

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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[.2.] entail parasympathetic arousal—the physiological opposite of the "fight-or-flight" mobilization shared by fear and anger.
Love, and sexual satisfaction

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Love, tender feelings, and sexual satisfaction entail parasympathetic arousal—the physiological opposite of the "fight-or-flight" mobilization shared by fear and anger. The parasympathetic pattern, dubbed the "relaxat

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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The parasympathetic pattern, dubbed the "relaxation response," is a body wide set of reactions that generates a general state of calm and contentment, facilitating cooperation.

This comes from [...]
Love and sexual satisfaction

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Love, tender feelings, and sexual satisfaction entail parasympathetic arousal—the physiological opposite of the "fight-or-flight" mobilization shared by fear and anger. The parasympathetic pattern, dubbed the "relaxation response," is a body wide set of reactions that generates a general state of calm and contentment, facilitating cooperation.

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#### Annotation 1479108857100

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons The lifting of the eyebrows in surprise allows the taking in of a larger visual sweep and also permits more light to strike the retina. This offers more information about the unexpected event, making it easier to figure out exactly what is going on and concoct the best plan for action.

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ot; mobilization shared by fear and anger. The parasympathetic pattern, dubbed the "relaxation response," is a body wide set of reactions that generates a general state of calm and contentment, facilitating cooperation. • <span>The lifting of the eyebrows in surprise allows the taking in of a larger visual sweep and also permits more light to strike the retina. This offers more information about the unexpected event, making it easier to figure out exactly what is going on and concoct the best plan for action. • Around the world an expression of disgust looks the same, and sends the identical message: something is offensive in taste or smell, or metaphorically so. The facial expr

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
The lifting of the eyebrows in [...] allows the taking in of a larger visual sweep and also permits more light to strike the retina.
surprise

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The lifting of the eyebrows in surprise allows the taking in of a larger visual sweep and also permits more light to strike the retina. This offers more information about the unexpected event, making it easier to figur

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#### Annotation 1479112527116

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons Sadness brings a drop in energy and enthusiasm for life's activities, particularly diversions and pleasures, and, as it deepens and approaches depression, slows the body's metabolism.

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s Darwin observed, to close the nostrils against a noxious odor or to spit out a poisonous food. • A main function for sadness is to help adjust to a significant loss, such as the death of someone close or a major disappointment. <span>Sadness brings a drop in energy and enthusiasm for life's activities, particularly diversions and pleasures, and, as it deepens and approaches depression, slows the body's metabolism. This introspective withdrawal creates the opportunity to mourn a loss or frustrated hope, grasp its consequences for one's life, and, as energy returns, plan new beginnings. This loss o

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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[...] brings a drop in energy and enthusiasm for life's activities, particularly diversions and pleasures.

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Sadness brings a drop in energy and enthusiasm for life's activities, particularly diversions and pleasures, and, as it deepens and approaches depression, slows the body's metabolism.</s

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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[...] as it deepens and approaches depression, slows the body's metabolism.

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Sadness brings a drop in energy and enthusiasm for life's activities, particularly diversions and pleasures, and, as it deepens and approaches depression, slows the body's metabolism.</s

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#### Annotation 1479118294284

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons This introspective withdrawal creates the opportunity to mourn a loss or frustrated hope, grasp its consequences for one's life, and, as energy returns, plan new beginnings. With which emotion does this happen?

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h as the death of someone close or a major disappointment. Sadness brings a drop in energy and enthusiasm for life's activities, particularly diversions and pleasures, and, as it deepens and approaches depression, slows the body's metabolism. <span>This introspective withdrawal creates the opportunity to mourn a loss or frustrated hope, grasp its consequences for one's life, and, as energy returns, plan new beginnings. This loss of energy may well have kept saddened—and vulnerable—early humans close to home, where they were safer. These biological propensities to act are shaped further by

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #impulses-to-action #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
This introspective withdrawal creates the opportunity to mourn a loss or frustrated hope, grasp its consequences for one's life, and, as energy returns, plan new beginnings.

With which emotion does this happen?

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This introspective withdrawal creates the opportunity to mourn a loss or frustrated hope, grasp its consequences for one's life, and, as energy returns, plan new beginnings. With which emotion does this happen?

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This loss of energy may well have kept [...] —and vulnerable—early humans close to home, where they were safer.

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s it deepens and approaches depression, slows the body's metabolism. This introspective withdrawal creates the opportunity to mourn a loss or frustrated hope, grasp its consequences for one's life, and, as energy returns, plan new beginnings. <span>This loss of energy may well have kept saddened—and vulnerable—early humans close to home, where they were safer. These biological propensities to act are shaped further by our life experience and our culture. For instance, universally the loss of a loved one elicits sadness and grief.

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#### Annotation 1479125634316

 Our two Minds #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #our-two-minds #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons A friend was telling me about her divorce, a painful separation. Her husband had fallen in love with a younger woman at work, and suddenly announced he was leaving to live with the other woman. Months of bitter wrangling over house, money, and custody of the children followed. Now, some months later, she was saying that her independence was appealing to her, that she was happy to be on her own. "I just don't think about him anymore—I really don't care," she said. But as she said it, her eyes momentarily welled up with tears. That moment of teary eyes could easily pass unnoted. But the empathic understanding that someone's watering eyes means she is sad despite her words to the contrary is an act of comprehending just as surely as is distilling meaning from words on a printed page. One is an act of the emotional mind, the other of the rational mind. In a very real sense we have two minds, one that thinks and one that feels. These two fundamentally different ways of knowing interact to construct our mental life. One, the rational mind, is the mode of comprehension we are typically conscious of: more prominent in awareness, thoughtful, able to ponder and reflect. But alongside that there is another system of knowing: impulsive and powerful, if sometimes illogical—the emotional mind. (For a more detailed description of the characteristics of the emotional mind, see Appendix B.) The emotional/rational dichotomy approximates the folk (distinction between "heart" and "head"; knowing something is right "in your heart" is a different order of conviction—somehow a deeper kind of certainty—than thinking so with your rational mind. There is a steady gradient in the ratio of rational-to-emotional control over the mind; the more intense the feeling, the more dominant the emotional mind becomes—and the more ineffectual the rational. This is an arrangement that seems to stem from eons of evolutionary advantage to having emotions and intuitions guide our instantaneous response in situations where our lives are in peril—and where pausing to think over what to do could cost us our lives. These two minds, the emotional and the rational, operate in tight harmony for the most part, intertwining their very different ways of knowing to guide us through the world. Ordinarily there is a balance between emotional and rational minds, with emotion feeding into and informing the operations of the rational mind, and the rational mind refining and sometimes vetoing the inputs of the emotions. Still, the emotional and rational minds are semi-independent faculties, each, as we shall see, reflecting the operation of distinct, but interconnected, circuitry in the brain. In many or most moments these minds are exquisitely coordinated; feelings are essential to thought, thought to feeling. But when passions surge the balance tips: it is the emotional mind that captures the upper hand, swamping the rational mind. The sixteenth-century humanist Erasmus of Rotterdam wrote in a satirical vein of this perennial tension between reason and emotion: Jupiter has bestowed far more passion than reason—you could calculate the ratio as 24 to one. He set up two raging tyrants in opposition to Reason's solitary power: anger and lust. How far Reason can prevail against the combined forces of these two the common life of man makes quite clear. Reason does the only thing she can and shouts herself hoarse, repeating formulas of virtue, while the other two bid her go hang herself, and are increasingly noisy and offensive, until at last their Ruler is exhausted, gives up, and surrenders.

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#### Annotation 1479127993612

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #our-two-minds #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons In a very real sense we have two minds, one that thinks and one that feels.

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t someone's watering eyes means she is sad despite her words to the contrary is an act of comprehending just as surely as is distilling meaning from words on a printed page. One is an act of the emotional mind, the other of the rational mind. <span>In a very real sense we have two minds, one that thinks and one that feels. These two fundamentally different ways of knowing interact to construct our mental life. One, the rational mind, is the mode of comprehension we are typically conscious of:

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #our-two-minds #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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In a very real sense we have two minds, one that [...] and one that [...].
thinks

feels

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In a very real sense we have two minds, one that thinks and one that feels.

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#### Annotation 1479133498636

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #our-two-minds #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons The more intense the feeling, the more dominant the emotional mind becomes—and the more ineffectual the rational.

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mething is right "in your heart" is a different order of conviction—somehow a deeper kind of certainty—than thinking so with your rational mind. There is a steady gradient in the ratio of rational-to-emotional control over the mind; <span>the more intense the feeling, the more dominant the emotional mind becomes—and the more ineffectual the rational. This is an arrangement that seems to stem from eons of evolutionary advantage to having emotions and intuitions guide our instantaneous response in situations where our lives are in per

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #our-two-minds #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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The [...], the more dominant the emotional mind becomes—and the more ineffectual the rational.
more intense the feeling

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The more intense the feeling, the more dominant the emotional mind becomes—and the more ineffectual the rational.

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#### Annotation 1479137168652

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #our-two-minds #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons Emotional thinking beats rational thinking because of eons of guiding our instantaneous response when pausing to think could cost us our lives

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han thinking so with your rational mind. There is a steady gradient in the ratio of rational-to-emotional control over the mind; the more intense the feeling, the more dominant the emotional mind becomes—and the more ineffectual the rational. <span>This is an arrangement that seems to stem from eons of evolutionary advantage to having emotions and intuitions guide our instantaneous response in situations where our lives are in peril—and where pausing to think over what to do could cost us our lives. These two minds, the emotional and the rational, operate in tight harmony for the most part, intertwining their very different ways of knowing to guide us through the worl

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #our-two-minds #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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Emotional thinking beats rational thinking because of eons of guiding our instantaneous response when [...]
pausing to think could cost us our lives

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Emotional thinking beats rational thinking because of eons of guiding our instantaneous response when pausing to think could cost us our lives

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#### Annotation 1479140838668

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #our-two-minds #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons When passions surge, it is the emotional mind that captures the upper hand, swamping the rational mind

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each, as we shall see, reflecting the operation of distinct, but interconnected, circuitry in the brain. In many or most moments these minds are exquisitely coordinated; feelings are essential to thought, thought to feeling. But <span>when passions surge the balance tips: it is the emotional mind that captures the upper hand, swamping the rational mind. The sixteenth-century humanist Erasmus of Rotterdam wrote in a satirical vein of this perennial tension between reason and emotion: Jupiter has bestowed far more passion t

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #our-two-minds #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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When [...] surge, it is the emotional mind that captures the upper hand, swamping the rational mind
passions

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When passions surge, it is the emotional mind that captures the upper hand, swamping the rational mind

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#### Annotation 1479144508684

 HOW THE BRAIN GREW #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons To better grasp the potent hold of the emotions on the thinking mind—and why feeling and reason are so readily at war—consider how the brain evolved. Human brains, with their three pounds or so of cells and neural juices, are about triple the size of those in our nearest cousins in evolution, the nonhuman primates. Over millions of years of evolution, the brain has grown from the bottom up, with its higher centers developing as elaborations of lower, more ancient parts. (The growth of the brain in the human embryo roughly retraces this evolutionary course.) The most primitive part of the brain, shared with all species that have more than a minimal nervous system, is the brainstem surrounding the top of the spinal cord. This root brain regulates basic life functions like breathing and the metabolism of the body's other organs, as well as controlling stereotyped reactions and movements. This primitive brain cannot be said to think or learn; rather it is a set of preprogrammed regulators that keep the body running as it should and reacting in a way that ensures survival. This brain reigned supreme in the Age of the Reptiles: Picture a snake hissing to signal the threat of an attack. From the most primitive root, the brainstem, emerged the emotional centers. Millions of years later in evolution, from these emotional areas evolved the thinking brain or "neocortex," the great bulb of convoluted tissues that make up the top layers. The fact that the thinking brain grew from the emotional reveals much about the relationship of thought to feeling; there was an emotional brain long before there was a rational one. The most ancient root of our emotional life is in the sense of smell, or, more precisely, in the olfactory lobe, the cells that take in and analyze smell. Every living entity, be it nutritious, poisonous, sexual partner, predator or prey, has a distinctive molecular signature that can be carried in the wind. In those primitive times smell commended itself as a paramount sense for survival. From the olfactory lobe the ancient centers for emotion began to evolve, eventually growing large enough to encircle the top of the brainstem. In its rudimentary stages, the olfactory center was composed of little more than thin layers of neurons gathered to analyze smell. One layer of cells took in what was smelled and sorted it out into the relevant categories: edible or toxic, sexually available, enemy or meal. A second layer of cells sent reflexive messages throughout the nervous system telling the body what to do: bite, spit, approach, flee, chase.10 With the arrival of the first mammals came new, key layers of the emotional brain. These, surrounding the brainstem, look roughly like a bagel with a bite taken out at the bottom where the brainstem nestles into them. Because this part of the brain rings and borders the brainstem, it was called the "limbic" system, from "limbus," the Latin word for "ring." This new neural territory added emotions proper to the brain's repertoire.11 When we are in the grip of craving or fury, head-over- heels in love or recoiling in dread, it is the limbic system that has us in its grip. As it evolved, the limbic system refined two powerful tools: learning and memory. These revolutionary advances allowed an animal to be much smarter in its choices for survival, and to fine- tune its responses to adapt to changing demands rather than having invariable and automatic reactions. If a food led to sickness, it could be avoided next time. Decisions like knowing what to eat and what to spurn were still determined largely through smell; the connections between the olfactory bulb and the limbic system now took on the tasks of making distinctions among smells and recognizing them, comparing a present smell with past ones, and so discriminating good from bad. This was done by the "rhinencephalon," literally, the "nose brain," a part of the limbic wiring, and the rudimentary basis of the neocort...

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#### Annotation 1479146867980

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons The most ancient root of our emotional life is in the sense of smell

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onvoluted tissues that make up the top layers. The fact that the thinking brain grew from the emotional reveals much about the relationship of thought to feeling; there was an emotional brain long before there was a rational one. <span>The most ancient root of our emotional life is in the sense of smell, or, more precisely, in the olfactory lobe, the cells that take in and analyze smell. Every living entity, be it nutritious, poisonous, sexual partner, predator or prey, has a distincti

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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The most ancient root of our emotional life is in the sense [...]
of smell

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The most ancient root of our emotional life is in the sense of smell

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#### Annotation 1479149751564

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons Because this part of the brain rings and borders the brainstem, it was called the "limbic" system, from "limbus," the Latin word for "ring.

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e, chase.10 With the arrival of the first mammals came new, key layers of the emotional brain. These, surrounding the brainstem, look roughly like a bagel with a bite taken out at the bottom where the brainstem nestles into them. <span>Because this part of the brain rings and borders the brainstem, it was called the "limbic" system, from "limbus," the Latin word for "ring." This new neural territory added emotions proper to the brain's repertoire.11 When we are in the grip of craving or fury, head-over- heels in love or recoiling in dread, it is the

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
Because this part of the brain rings and borders the brainstem, it was called the "limbic" system, from "[...]," the Latin word for " [...].
limbus

ring

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Because this part of the brain rings and borders the brainstem, it was called the "limbic" system, from "limbus," the Latin word for "ring.

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#### Annotation 1479153159436

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons When we are in the grip of craving or fury, head-over- heels in love or recoiling in dread, it is the limbic system that has us in its grip.

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se this part of the brain rings and borders the brainstem, it was called the "limbic" system, from "limbus," the Latin word for "ring." This new neural territory added emotions proper to the brain's repertoire.11 <span>When we are in the grip of craving or fury, head-over- heels in love or recoiling in dread, it is the limbic system that has us in its grip. As it evolved, the limbic system refined two powerful tools: learning and memory. These revolutionary advances allowed an animal to be much smarter in its choices for survi

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
When we are in the grip of craving or fury, head-over- heels in love or recoiling in dread, it is the [...] that has us in its grip.
limbic system

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When we are in the grip of craving or fury, head-over- heels in love or recoiling in dread, it is the limbic system that has us in its grip.

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 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons As it evolved, the limbic system refined two powerful tools: learning and memory.

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ring." This new neural territory added emotions proper to the brain's repertoire.11 When we are in the grip of craving or fury, head-over- heels in love or recoiling in dread, it is the limbic system that has us in its grip. <span>As it evolved, the limbic system refined two powerful tools: learning and memory. These revolutionary advances allowed an animal to be much smarter in its choices for survival, and to fine- tune its responses to adapt to changing demands rather than having invariable

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
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As it evolved, the limbic system refined two powerful tools: [...].
learning and memory

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As it evolved, the limbic system refined two powerful tools: learning and memory.

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#### Annotation 1479158402316

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons Learning and memory allowed an animal to be much smarter in its choices for survival, and to fine-tune its responses to adapt to changing demands rather than having invariable and automatic reactions.

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p of craving or fury, head-over- heels in love or recoiling in dread, it is the limbic system that has us in its grip. As it evolved, the limbic system refined two powerful tools: learning and memory. These revolutionary advances <span>allowed an animal to be much smarter in its choices for survival, and to fine- tune its responses to adapt to changing demands rather than having invariable and automatic reactions. If a food led to sickness, it could be avoided next time. Decisions like knowing what to eat and what to spurn were still determined largely through smell; the connections between the o

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
[...] allowed an animal to be much smarter in its choices for survival, and to fine-tune its responses to adapt rather than having invariable and automatic reactions.
Learning and memory

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Learning and memory allowed an animal to be much smarter in its choices for survival, and to fine-tune its responses to adapt to changing demands rather than having invariable and automatic reactions.</spa

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#### Annotation 1479161810188

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons The olfactory bulb and the limbic system make distinctions among smells and recognizing them, and so discriminating good from bad. This was done by the "rhinencephalon," literally, the "nose brain," a part of the limbic wiring, and the rudimentary basis of the neocortex, the thinking brain.

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es to adapt to changing demands rather than having invariable and automatic reactions. If a food led to sickness, it could be avoided next time. Decisions like knowing what to eat and what to spurn were still determined largely through smell; <span>the connections between the olfactory bulb and the limbic system now took on the tasks of making distinctions among smells and recognizing them, comparing a present smell with past ones, and so discriminating good from bad. This was done by the "rhinencephalon," literally, the "nose brain," a part of the limbic wiring, and the rudimentary basis of the neocortex, the thinking brain. About 100 million years ago the brain in mammals took a great growth spurt. Piled on top of the thin two-layered cortex—the regions that plan, comprehend what is sensed, co

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Question
The [...] and the [...] make distinctions among smells and recognizing them, and so discriminating good from bad.

olfactory bulb

limbic system

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The olfactory bulb and the limbic system make distinctions among smells and recognizing them, and so discriminating good from bad. This was done by the "rhinencephalon," literally, th

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Question
Distinction amongst smells was done by the "[...]," a part of the limbic wiring, and the rudimentary basis of the neocortex.
rhinencephalon," literally, the "nose brain

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The olfactory bulb and the limbic system make distinctions among smells and recognizing them, and so discriminating good from bad. This was done by the "rhinencephalon," literally, the "nose brain," a part of the limbic wiring, and the rudimentary basis of the neocortex, the thinking brain.

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#### Annotation 1479170723084

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons The neocortex is the seat of thought; it contains the centers that put together and comprehend what the senses perceive.

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ortex. In contrast to the ancient brain's two-layered cortex, the neocortex offered an extraordinary intellectual edge. The Homo sapiens neocortex, so much larger than in any other species, has added all that is distinctly human. <span>The neocortex is the seat of thought; it contains the centers that put together and comprehend what the senses perceive. It adds to a feeling what we think about it—and allows us to have feelings about ideas, art, symbols, imaginings. In evolution the neocortex allowed a judicious fine-tuning

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
The neocortex is the seat of thought; it contains the centers that put together and comprehend what the [...].
senses perceive

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The neocortex is the seat of thought; it contains the centers that put together and comprehend what the senses perceive.

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#### Annotation 1479173344524

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons The survival edge is due to the neocortex's talent for strategizing, long-term planning, and other mental wiles.

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eocortex allowed a judicious fine-tuning that no doubt has made enormous advantages in an organism's ability to survive adversity, making it more likely that its progeny would in turn pass on the genes that contain that same neural circuitry. <span>The survival edge is due to the neocortex's talent for strategizing, long-term planning, and other mental wiles. Beyond that, the triumphs of art, of civilization and culture, are all fruits of the neocortex. This new addition to the brain allowed the addition of nuance to emotional l

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
The survival edge is due to the neocortex's talent for [...], [...], and other mental wiles.
strategizing

long-term planning

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The survival edge is due to the neocortex's talent for strategizing, long-term planning, and other mental wiles.

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 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons The neocortex allows for the subtlety and complexity of emotional life, such as the ability to have feelings about our feelings.

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ptile to rhesus to human, the sheer mass of the neocortex increases; with that increase comes a geometric rise in the interconnections in brain circuitry. The larger the number of such connections, the greater the range of possible responses. <span>The neocortex allows for the subtlety and complexity of emotional life, such as the ability to have feelings about our feelings. There is more neocortex-to-limbic system in primates than in other species—and vastly more in humans—suggesting why we are able to display a far greater range of reactions to our emotio

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The neocortex allows for the subtlety and complexity of emotional life, such as the ability to [...]

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The neocortex allows for the subtlety and complexity of emotional life, such as the ability to have feelings about our feelings.

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#### Annotation 1479179898124

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons While a rabbit or rhesus has a restricted set of typical responses to fear, the larger human neocortex allows a far more nimble repertoire—including calling 999

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to have feelings about our feelings. There is more neocortex-to-limbic system in primates than in other species—and vastly more in humans—suggesting why we are able to display a far greater range of reactions to our emotions, and more nuance. <span>While a rabbit or rhesus has a restricted set of typical responses to fear, the larger human neocortex allows a far more nimble repertoire—including calling 999. The more complex the social system, the more essential is such flexibility—and there is no more complex social world than our own.12 But these higher centers do not govern

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Question
While a rabbit has a restricted set of typical responses to fear, the larger human neocortex allows [...]
a bigger repertoire—including calling 999

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While a rabbit or rhesus has a restricted set of typical responses to fear, the larger human neocortex allows a far more nimble repertoire—including calling 999

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#### Annotation 1479183305996

 #daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons The more complex the social system, the more essential is such flexibility in emotional responses.

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le to display a far greater range of reactions to our emotions, and more nuance. While a rabbit or rhesus has a restricted set of typical responses to fear, the larger human neocortex allows a far more nimble repertoire—including calling 999. <span>The more complex the social system, the more essential is such flexibility—and there is no more complex social world than our own.12 But these higher centers do not govern all of emotional life; in crucial matters of the heart—and most especially in emotional emergencies—they can be said to defer to th

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#daniel-goleman #emotional-brain #emotional-iq #how-the-brain-grew #what-are-emotions-for #when-passions-overwhelm-reasons
Question
The more complex the social system, the more essential is [...]
flexibility in emotional responses.

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The more complex the social system, the more essential is such flexibility in emotional responses.

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