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Flashcard 3415793601804

Question

In Linux, how do you run a command, e.g. ls -la /bin/, in the backgroup and make sure it continues running even if you log out?

Answer

nohup ls -la /bin/ &
^^nohup ensure that the SIGHUP(terminate signal) is ignored (i.e. even if terminal is closed/you log out), & runs command in backgroud

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
sense later.) lynx <url> Opens a URL [URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator--a web address.] at the console. Try lynx http://lwn.net/ . links <url> Another text-based web browser. nohup <command> & Runs a command in the background, appending any output the command may produce to the file nohup.out in your home directory. nohup has the useful feature that the command will continue

Flashcard 3415796747532

Question

In linux, what is command to sleep for 10 seconds?

Answer

sleep 10

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
roduce to the file nohup.out in your home directory. nohup has the useful feature that the command will continue to run even after you have logged out. Uses for nohup will become obvious later. sleep <seconds> Pauses for <seconds> seconds. See also usleep . sort <filename> Prints a file with lines sorted in alphabetical order. Create a file called telephone with each line containi

Flashcard 3415799893260

Question

In Linux, you have file, kevin.txt, how do you print out the lines on cmd terminal in reverse (last line first, first line last)?

Answer

tac kevin.txt
^^ note: tac is cat in reverse:)

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
B pieces. Its sister, csplit , can split files along specified lines of text within the file. The commands are seldom used on their own but are very useful within programs that manipulate text. tac <filename> [<filename> ...] Writes the contents of all the files listed to the screen, reversing the order of the lines--that is, printing the last line of the file first. t

Flashcard 3415803038988

Question

In Linux, if you are viewing a live log, log.txt, what is best command to view the last 10 lines of that log file, in real time?

Answer

tail -n 10 -f log.txt
^^ note -f will keep showing lines at end of log file, as they get appended, in real time

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
...] Writes the contents of all the files listed to the screen, reversing the order of the lines--that is, printing the last line of the file first. tac is cat backwards and behaves similarly. tail [-f] [-n <lines>] <filename> Prints the last <lines> lines of a file or 10 lines if the -n option is not given. The -f option means to watch the file for lines being a

Flashcard 3415806184716

Question

In Linux, if you have file, kevin.txt, how do you get the number of lines this file has?

Answer

wc -l kevin.txt

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
> Prints a file with duplicate lines deleted. The file must first be sorted. usleep <microseconds> Pauses for <microseconds> microseconds (1/1,000,000 of a second). wc [-c] [-w] [-l] <filename> Counts the number of bytes (with -c for c haracter), or words (with -w ), or lines (with -l ) in a file. whatis <command> Gives the first line of the man page co

Flashcard 3415809330444

Question

In Linux, you have file, kevin.txt, how do you get the number of words, chars, and lines this file has?

Answer

wc kevin.txt

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
q <filename> Prints a file with duplicate lines deleted. The file must first be sorted. usleep <microseconds> Pauses for <microseconds> microseconds (1/1,000,000 of a second). wc [-c] [-w] [-l] <filename> Counts the number of bytes (with -c for c haracter), or words (with -w ), or lines (with -l ) in a file. whatis <command> Gives the first line of t

Flashcard 3415812476172

Question

In linux, how do you print out name of current user?

Answer

whoami

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
es (with -l ) in a file. whatis <command> Gives the first line of the man page corresponding to <command> , unless no such page exists, in which case it prints nothing appropriate . whoami Prints your login name. 4.10 The mc File Manager Those who come from the DOS world may remember the famous Norton Commander file manager. The GNU project has a Free clone called the Mid

Flashcard 3415815621900

Question

In Linux, if you run a process from the prompt, how do you kill that same process from the same prompt (e.g. you run "sleep 100" but want to exit it before 100 seconds)?

Answer

ctrl-c

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
nuously. You must type this at the same prompt where you entered the command. If this doesn't work, the section on processes (Section 9.5) will explain about signalling a running application to quit. 4.13 Compressed Files Files typically contain a lot of data that one can imagine might be represented with a smaller number of bytes. Take for example the letter you typed out. The wor

Flashcard 3415818767628

Question

In Linux, you have large files, kevin.txt, how do you compress this file?

Answer

gzip kevin.txt
^^gzip stands for GNU zip, and creates new file kevin.txt.gz

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
data by using a smaller number of bytes, in such a way that the original data can be reconstructed exactly. Such usually involves finding patterns in the data. The command to compress a file is gzip <filename> , which stands for GNU zip. Run gzip on a file in your home directory and then run ls to see what happened. Now, use more to view the compressed file. To uncompress the file use gzip -d

Flashcard 3415821913356

Question

In Linux, if you use gzip to zip/unzip a file, what happens to the original file, e.g. what happens after you do gzip kevin.txt

Answer

kevin.txt gets replaced with kevin.txt.gz

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
uch a way that the original data can be reconstructed exactly. Such usually involves finding patterns in the data. The command to compress a file is gzip <filename> , which stands for GNU zip. Run gzip on a file in your home directory and then run ls to see what happened. Now, use more to view the compressed file. To uncompress the file use gzip -d <filename> . Now, us

Flashcard 3415825059084

Question

In Linux, you have compressed file kevin.txt.gz, how do you unzip it?

Answer

gzip -d kevin.txt.gz
^^ -d is short for --decompress, above replaces kevin.txt.gz with kevin.txt
^^ also correct is: gunzip kevin.txt.gz

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
lt;filename> , which stands for GNU zip. Run gzip on a file in your home directory and then run ls to see what happened. Now, use more to view the compressed file. To uncompress the file use gzip -d <filename> . Now, use more to view the file again. Many files on the system are stored in compressed format. For example, man pages are often stored compressed and are uncompressed automatically w

Flashcard 3415828204812

Question

In linux, you have zipped up file, kevin.txt.gz, how do you view its content without unzipping it?

Answer

zcat or zless

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
have a z in them they have something to do with compression--the letter z stands for zip. You can use zcat <filename> | less to view a compressed file proper. You can also use the command zless <filename> , which does the same as zcat <filename> | less . (Note that your less may actually have the functionality of zless combined.) A new addition to the arsenal is bz

Flashcard 3415831350540

Question

In Linux, [...] is a newer version of gzip used for compressing larger files (but it is slower), but you should not use it if you are zipping/unzipping the file back and forth a lot.

Answer

bzip2

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
mand zless <filename> , which does the same as zcat <filename> | less . (Note that your less may actually have the functionality of zless combined.) A new addition to the arsenal is bzip2 . This is a compression program very much like gzip , except that it is slower and compresses 20%-30% better. It is useful for compressing files that will be downloaded from the Interne

Flashcard 3415834496268

Question

In Linux, how do you search for all the very large files (e.g. all files over 50000K in size, suppose you are already in / dir)?

Answer

find . -size +50000

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
hat end in a .c extension ( find -name *.c without the quote characters will not work. You will see why later). find -name Mary_Jones.letter will find the file with the name Mary_Jones.letter . find -size [[+|-]]<size> Finds only files that have a size larger (for + ) or smaller (for - ) than <size> kilobytes, or the same as <size> kilobytes if the sign is not specified. find <directory

Flashcard 3415837641996

Question

In Linux, the find command searches for files, directory by directory, a faster command, called [...] , uses a filedb.

Answer

locate

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scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
me> . This searches through a previously created database of all the files on the system and hence finds files instantaneously. Its counterpart updatedb updates the database of files used by locate . On some systems, updatedb runs automatically every day at 04h00. Try these ( updatedb will take several minutes): 5 updatedb locate rpm locate deb locate passwd locate HOWTO locate RE

Flashcard 3415840787724

Question

In Linux, you have an ssh config file, called config, how do you search for and print out the 5 lines around the word "euqa-kc-backend-01"?

Answer

grep -5 euqa-kc-backend-01 config
^^ the -5 will print the 5 lines above and below the search word: euqa-kc-backend-01

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
isplay all lines containing it: grep 'the' Mary_Jones.letter . Now try grep 'the' *.letter . grep -n <pattern> <filename> shows the line number in the file where the word was found. grep -<num> <pattern> <filename> prints out <num> of the lines that came before and after each of the lines in which the word was found. grep -A <num> <pattern> <filename> prints out <num>

Flashcard 3415843933452

Question

In Linux, you have file, kevin.txt, how do you print out all the lines that do NOT have the word "test"?

Answer

grep -v test kevin.txt
^^ -v is short for --invert-match

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
the lines in which the word was found. grep -B <num> <pattern> <filename> prints out <num> of the lines that came B efore each of the lines in which the word was found. grep -v <pattern> <filename> prints out only those lines that do not contain the word you are searching for. [ You may think that the -v option is no longer doing the same kind of t

Flashcard 3415846554892

Question

In Linux, you have file, kevin.txt, how do you print all the lines that have word "test", case insensative?

Answer

grep -i test kevin.txt

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
h versatility that their functionality often overlaps with that of other commands. One actually never stops learning new and nifty ways of doing things hidden in the dark corners of man pages.] grep -i <pattern> <filename> does the same as an ordinary grep but is case insensitive. 4.16 Copying to MS-DOS and Windows Formatted Floppy Disks A package, called the mtools packag

Flashcard 3415851011340

Question

In Linux, gzip command is used to zip/unzip a single file while [...] command is used to pack many files into one.

Answer

tar

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
n case of an emergency. When we want to store a number of files in this way, it is useful to be able to pack many files into one file so that we can perform operations on that single file only. When many files are packed together into one, this packed file is called an archive. Usually archives have the extension .tar , which stands for tape archive. To create an archive of a directory, use the tar command: tar -c -f <filename> <directory> Create a directory with a few files in it, and ru

Flashcard 3415854157068

Question

In Linux, tar stands for [...] [...]

Answer

tape archive

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scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
file so that we can perform operations on that single file only. When many files are packed together into one, this packed file is called an archive. Usually archives have the extension .tar , which stands for tape archive. To create an archive of a directory, use the tar command: tar -c -f <filename> <directory> Create a directory with a few files in it, and run the tar command to back it up.

Flashcard 3415857302796

Question

In Linux, you have bunch of images under /path/to/images/*.jpg, how do you create a tarball from them called jpegarchive.tar.gz?

Answer

tar -czvf jpegarchive.tar.gz /path/to/images/*.jpg
^^ -c is --create, -z is --gzip, -v is --verbose, -f is --file

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
ked together into one, this packed file is called an archive. Usually archives have the extension .tar , which stands for tape archive. To create an archive of a directory, use the tar command: tar -c -f <filename> <directory> Create a directory with a few files in it, and run the tar command to back it up. A file of <filename> will be created. Take careful note of any error messages that tar reports. L

Flashcard 3415861234956

Question

In Linux, you have tar ball, backups.tgz, how do you unpack it?

Answer

tar -xzvf backups.tgz
^^ -x is --extract, -z is --gunzip, -v is --verbose, -f is --file

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
se the verify option (see the man page) of the tar command to check the integrity of <filename> . Now remove the directory, and then restore it with the extract option of the tar command: tar -x -f <filename> You should see your directory recreated with all its files intact. A nice option to give to tar is -v . This option lists all the files that are being added to or extracted from the arc

Flashcard 3415864380684

Question

In Linux, a tarball (zipped up archaive), by convention has extension [...] or .tgz

Answer

.tar.gz

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
t option is -p which preserves detailed attribute information of files. Once you have your .tar file, you would probably want to compress it with gzip . This will create a file <directory>.tar.gz , which is sometimes called <directory>.tgz for brevity. A second kind of archiving utility is cpio . cpio is actually more powerful than tar, but is considered to be more cryptic

Flashcard 3415867526412

Question

In Linux, a tarball (zipped up archaive), by convention has extension .tar.gz or [...]

Answer

.tgz

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
ormation of files. Once you have your .tar file, you would probably want to compress it with gzip . This will create a file <directory>.tar.gz , which is sometimes called <directory>.tgz for brevity. A second kind of archiving utility is cpio . cpio is actually more powerful than tar, but is considered to be more cryptic to use. The principles of cpio are quite similar

Flashcard 3415870934284

Question

In Linux, [...] is the environment variable that stores the directories where executables are searched for (for example when you type "ls", which directories should be searched to locate this executable)?

Answer

PATH

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
in/cp , then the shell tries to run the named program, cp , out of the /bin directory. If you just type cp on its own, then it tries to find the cp command in each of the subdirectories of your PATH . To see what your PATH is, just type echo $PATH You will see a colon separated list of four or more directories. Note that the current directory . is not listed. It is important that t

Flashcard 3415874080012

Question

In Linux, how do you add the directory /opt/gnome/bin to your environment PATH, from the command prompt, for example?

Answer

export PATH=/opt/gnome/bin:$PATH

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
at the current directory not be listed for reasons of security. Hence, to execute a command in the current directory, we hence always ./<command> . To append, for example, a new directory /opt/gnome/bin to your PATH , do PATH="$PATH:/opt/gnome/bin" export PATH LINUX supports the convenience of doing this in one line: export PATH="$PATH:/opt/gnome/bin" There is a further command, which

Flashcard 3415877225740

Question

In Linux, if you want to run an executable, for example "test", from the current directory, how must you run it?

Answer

./test

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
at the current directory . is not listed. It is important that the current directory not be listed for reasons of security. Hence, to execute a command in the current directory, we hence always ./<command> . To append, for example, a new directory /opt/gnome/bin to your PATH , do PATH="$PATH:/opt/gnome/bin" export PATH LINUX supports the convenience of doing this in one line: export PATH=

Flashcard 3415880371468

Question

In Linux, if you want to run an exectutable, called "test", from the current directory, why must you must run it as ./test and not just test?

Answer

Becuase the current directory, i.e. ".", is not included as one of the directories in the PATH, due to security reasons.

status	not learned	measured difficulty	37% [default]	last interval [days]
repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
f four or more directories. Note that the current directory . is not listed. It is important that the current directory not be listed for reasons of security. Hence, to execute a command in the current directory, we hence always ./<command> . To append, for example, a new directory /opt/gnome/bin to your PATH , do PATH="$PATH:/opt/gnome/bin" export PATH LINUX supports the convenience of d

Flashcard 3415883517196

Question

In Linux, if you have an executable, whose directory location is in the PATH env variable, what command lets you know what its full executable PATH is (e.g. that ls is /bin/ls)?

Answer

which ls

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

4. Basic Commands
H . [This is more often true of Solaris systems than LINUX.] Typing which <command> locates the one that your shell would execute. Try: which ls which cp mv rm which which which cranzgots which is also useful in shell scripts to tell if there is a command at all, and hence check whether a particular package is installed, for example, which netscape . 4.19 The -- Option If a fi

Flashcard 3415888235788

Question

In python, the [...] module provides more specialized, high performance alternatives for the built-in data types, and includes types such as deques, namedtuples, ChainMaps etc.

Answer

collections

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

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Flashcard 3415891381516

Question

In python, the collections module offers a [...] data structure, similar to lists, but where inserting items at the beginning is much faster.

Answer

deque
^^ pronounced "deck", short for double-ended queue

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

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Flashcard 3415894527244

Question

In python, for collections.deque objects, you remove items from end of deque by pop(), and beginning of deque by [...]

Answer

popleft()

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

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Flashcard 3415897672972

Question

In python, for collections.deque objects, you add items to end of deque by append() and to beginning of deque by [...]

Answer

appendleft()

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

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Flashcard 3415900818700

Question

In python, a useful feature of deques is that they support a [...] optional parameter that restricts the size of the deque and makes it ideally suited to a data structure known as a circular buffer (for stream buffering).

Answer

maxlen

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Flashcard 3415903964428

Question

In python if you have dq=collections.deque([1,2,3], maxlen=3), what does dq contain after you do dq.append(4)?

Answer

[2,3,4]

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

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Flashcard 3415907372300

Question

In python, the collections module has a class called [...] , which is like a dictionary but were the order of the items is preserved by order they were added.

Answer

OrderedDict

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scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

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Flashcard 3415910518028

Question

In python, the collections object has a [...] method that creates a dictionary where non-existing keys get a default value according to the default_factory function supplied.

Answer

defaultdict

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repetition number in this series	0	memorised on		scheduled repetition
scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

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Flashcard 3415913663756

Question

In python, use the collections.defaultdict method to create a dictionay, dd, where all its keys will have a default/initial value of False

Answer

dd = defaultdict(bool, {})

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scheduled repetition interval		last repetition or drill

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Edited, memorised or added to reading queue

on 10-Oct-2018 (Wed)

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