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Annotation 7070656105740

#causality #statistics
Exchangeability means that the treatment groups are exchangeable in the sense that if they were swapped, the new treatment group would observe the same outcomes as the old treatment group, and the new control group would observe the same outcomes as the old control group.
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Annotation 7070660824332


#causality #statistics
 #causality #has-images #statistics
Identifibility
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Annotation 7070795828492

#causality #statistics
The idea is that although the treatment and potential outcomes may be unconditionally associated (due to confounding), within levels of 𝑋 , they are not associated
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Flashcard 7070797663500

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#causality #statistics
Question
The idea is that although the treatment and potential outcomes may be unconditionally associated (due to confounding), within levels of 𝑋 , they are not associated. In other words, there is no [...-ing?] within levels of 𝑋 because controlling for 𝑋 has made the treatment groups comparable.
Answer
confounding

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an> The idea is that although the treatment and potential outcomes may be unconditionally associated (due to confounding), within levels of 𝑋 , they are not associated. In other words, there is <span>no confounding within levels of 𝑋 because controlling for 𝑋 has made the treatment groups comparable. <span>

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Annotation 7070799498508


 #causality #has-images #statistics
This non-causal association flows along the 𝑇 ← 𝑋 β†’ π‘Œ path
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Flashcard 7070801071372

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#causality #has-images #statistics


Question
We do not have [...] in the data because 𝑋 is a common cause of 𝑇 and π‘Œ . We illustrate this in Figure 2.3. Because 𝑋 is a common cause of 𝑇 and π‘Œ , there is non-causal association between 𝑇 and π‘Œ . This non-causal association flows along the 𝑇 ← 𝑋 β†’ π‘Œ path; we depict this with a red dashed arc
Answer
exchangeability

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We do not have exchangeability in the data because 𝑋 is a common cause of 𝑇 and π‘Œ . We illustrate this in Figure 2.3. Because 𝑋 is a common cause of 𝑇 and π‘Œ , there is non-causal association between 𝑇 and π‘Œ . This no

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Flashcard 7070802906380

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#causality #statistics
Question
The [...] assumption is used in Equation 2.3. We will talk more about Equation 2.4 when we get to Section 2.3.5. Another perspective on this assumption is that of exchangeability.
Answer
ignorability

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The ignorability assumption is used in Equation 2.3. We will talk more about Equation 2.4 when we get to Section 2.3.5. Another perspective on this assumption is that of exchangeability.

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Flashcard 7070805527820

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#causality #statistics
Question
Exchangeability means that the treatment groups are exchangeable in the sense that if they were [...], the new treatment group would observe the same outcomes as the old treatment group, and the new control group would observe the same outcomes as the old control group.
Answer
swapped

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Exchangeability means that the treatment groups are exchangeable in the sense that if they were swapped, the new treatment group would observe the same outcomes as the old treatment group, and the new control group would observe the same outcomes as the old control group.

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Flashcard 7070807362828

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#causality #statistics
Question
We get the average treatment effect (ATE) 4 by taking an average over the [...]s: 𝜏 , 𝔼[π‘Œ 𝑖 (1) βˆ’ π‘Œ 𝑖 (0)] = 𝔼[π‘Œ(1) βˆ’ π‘Œ(0)] , (2.2) where the average is over the individuals 𝑖 if π‘Œ 𝑖 (𝑑) is deterministic. If π‘Œ 𝑖 (𝑑) is random, the average is also over any other randomness
Answer
ITE

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We get the average treatment effect (ATE) 4 by taking an average over the ITEs: 𝜏 , 𝔼[π‘Œ 𝑖 (1) βˆ’ π‘Œ 𝑖 (0)] = 𝔼[π‘Œ(1) βˆ’ π‘Œ(0)] , (2.2) where the average is over the individuals 𝑖 if π‘Œ 𝑖 (𝑑) is deterministic. If π‘Œ 𝑖 (𝑑) is random, the average is also over any other ran

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Flashcard 7070812343564

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#causality #has-images #statistics

#causality #statistics

Question
[default - edit me]
Answer
Identifibility

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Identifibility

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Flashcard 7070814178572

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#causality #statistics
Question
there is no reason to expect that the groups are the same in all relevant variables other than the treatment. However, if we control for relevant variables by conditioning, then maybe the [...] will be exchangeable. We will clarify what the β€œrelevant variables” are in Chapter 3,
Answer
subgroups

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span> there is no reason to expect that the groups are the same in all relevant variables other than the treatment. However, if we control for relevant variables by conditioning, then maybe the <span>subgroups will be exchangeable. We will clarify what the β€œrelevant variables” are in Chapter 3, <span>

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