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Flashcard 4468332432652

Question

In AWS (and computing in general), which of block vs object storage is more scalable, and why?

Answer

Object Storage is more scalable

Block storage is always attached to a machine with an OS and therefore has limit of how much data you can store there, where as object storage scales infinitely as it is not attached to host OS (i.e. files have metadata which helps find them easier without need of OS). Think EBS vs S3.

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Flashcard 4471163063564

Question

In AWS S3, Lifecycle Rules can be applied to [...] and/or [...] versions of files. <-- Looking for two different occultions

Answer

current and/or previous

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Flashcard 4472037838092

Question

In AWS S3, enabling Transfer Accelration will allow for faster file upload/downloads through the user of [...] [...] [...]

Answer

CloudFront Edge Locations

^^ The way this works, for example, when user tries to upload file, they are routed (via DNS) to closest edge location, then from the edge location to the S3 bucket, amazon's backbone network is used to find fastest route to bucket.

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Flashcard 4487343377676

Question

westerra credit union was founded in this year.

Answer

when is in 1934?

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A Colorado Credit Union: Our Story | Westerra Credit Union
, Westerra branches and Contact Center will open at 10 am. Who We Are Home Why Westerra About Us Who We Are Our Story Our credit union was formed by eight school teachers who pooled their funds in 1934 to be able to make loans to other teachers. These visionary leaders created DPS Credit Union, a not-for-profit financial cooperative, owned and controlled by the members who use its ser

Flashcard 4487345736972

Question

this credit union was formed by eight school teachers who pooled their funds in 1934 to be able to make loans to other teachers.

Answer

what is westerra credit union?

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A Colorado Credit Union: Our Story | Westerra Credit Union
Login Help Federally Insured by NCUA [imagelink] On Thursday, October 24, Westerra branches and Contact Center will open at 10 am. Who We Are Home Why Westerra About Us Who We Are Our Story Our credit union was formed by eight school teachers who pooled their funds in 1934 to be able to make loans to other teachers. These visionary leaders created DPS Credit Union, a not-for-profit financial cooperative, owned and controlled by the members who use its services. Its purpose was to put the members fi

Flashcard 4487347571980

Question

westerra credit union's original name was this.

Answer

what is DPS Credit Union?

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A Colorado Credit Union: Our Story | Westerra Credit Union
rra About Us Who We Are Our Story Our credit union was formed by eight school teachers who pooled their funds in 1934 to be able to make loans to other teachers. These visionary leaders created DPS Credit Union, a not-for-profit financial cooperative, owned and controlled by the members who use its services. Its purpose was to put the members first when offering financial services and treat th

Flashcard 4487349931276

Question

this is the mission of westerra credit union.

Answer

wha is to put the members first when offering financial services and treat them as valued owners?

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A Colorado Credit Union: Our Story | Westerra Credit Union
make loans to other teachers. These visionary leaders created DPS Credit Union, a not-for-profit financial cooperative, owned and controlled by the members who use its services. Its purpose was to put the members first when offering financial services and treat them as valued owners. Today, the credit union remains focused on that same mission and purpose. The credit union’s name was changed to Westerra Credit Union in 2006 to better reflect its growing and diverse

Flashcard 4487352028428

Question

dps credit union’s name was changed to Westerra Credit Union in this year.

Answer

when is 2006?

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A Colorado Credit Union: Our Story | Westerra Credit Union
ervices. Its purpose was to put the members first when offering financial services and treat them as valued owners. Today, the credit union remains focused on that same mission and purpose. The credit union’s name was changed to Westerra Credit Union in 2006 to better reflect its growing and diverse membership. DPS Credit Union and Safeway Rocky Mountain Credit Union merged in 2005, followed by the merger of Gateway Credit Union in 200

Flashcard 4487355960588

Question

dps credit union changed its name to westerra credit union in 2006 for this reason.

Answer

what is to better reflect its growing and diverse membership?

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A Colorado Credit Union: Our Story | Westerra Credit Union
inancial services and treat them as valued owners. Today, the credit union remains focused on that same mission and purpose. The credit union’s name was changed to Westerra Credit Union in 2006 to better reflect its growing and diverse membership. DPS Credit Union and Safeway Rocky Mountain Credit Union merged in 2005, followed by the merger of Gateway Credit Union in 2006, Jeffco Credit Union in 2009 and the Sheet Metal Workers

Flashcard 4487358319884

Question

DPS Credit Union and Safeway Rocky Mountain Credit Union merged in this year.

Answer

when is 2005?

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A Colorado Credit Union: Our Story | Westerra Credit Union
ay, the credit union remains focused on that same mission and purpose. The credit union’s name was changed to Westerra Credit Union in 2006 to better reflect its growing and diverse membership. DPS Credit Union and Safeway Rocky Mountain Credit Union merged in 2005, followed by the merger of Gateway Credit Union in 2006, Jeffco Credit Union in 2009 and the Sheet Metal Workers #9 Credit Union in 2013. Each credit union brought a shared commitm

Flashcard 4487360679180

Question

DPS Credit Union and Safeway Rocky Mountain Credit Union merged in 2005, followed by the merger of Gateway Credit Union in this year.

Answer

when is 2006?

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Flashcard 4487363038476

Question

DPS Credit Union and Safeway Rocky Mountain Credit Union merged in 2005, followed by the merger of Gateway Credit Union in 2006, Jeffco Credit Union in this year.

Answer

when is 2009?

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Flashcard 4487365397772

Question

DPS Credit Union and Safeway Rocky Mountain Credit Union merged in 2005, followed by the merger of Gateway Credit Union in 2006, Jeffco Credit Union in 2009 and the Sheet Metal Workers #9 Credit Union in this year.

Answer

when is 2013?

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Flashcard 4487368019212

Question

similar to arithmetic expressions, they use various operators to combine smaller expressions.

Answer

what are regular expression?

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Flashcard 4487370378508

Question

Backreference, lookahead, and lookbehind operators can be used.

The above are differences in this.

Answer

what are how perl-like regular expressions use perl syntax?

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Flashcard 4487372737804

Question

with perl-like regular expressions, R can substitute non-these for these matches.

Answer

what are nongreedy for greedy?

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Flashcard 4487375097100

Question

Data scientists often need to identify patterns in strings. These can make the search process simpler and faster.

Answer

what are regular expressions?

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Flashcard 4487377456396

Question

for special circum- stances, such as denoting a pattern at the beginning or end of the string, regular expressions use these.

Answer

what are special characters?

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Flashcard 4487379815692

Question

for the program to recognize special characters as legiti- mate, this escape character is used in many languages.

Answer

what is " \ " ?

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Flashcard 4487382961420

Question

“\1” and “\2” are examples of this kind of character in regular expressions.

Answer

what are feedback reference characters?

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Flashcard 4487387417868

Question

functions that map data of any size to an output of fixed size are called this.

Answer

what are hash functions?

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Flashcard 4487389777164

Question

Hash functions map data of this size to an output of this size.

Answer

what is any size to fixed size?

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Flashcard 4487392136460

Question

hash functions can accept this type of data of this length.

Answer

what is any type of data of any length?

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Flashcard 4487394495756

Question

hash functions are also called these.

Answer

what are called digests or hash values?

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Flashcard 4487396855052

Question

hash values are typically this kind of number.

Answer

what are non- negative integers?

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Flashcard 4487399214348

Question

hash values are typically subject to this digit constraint.

Answer

what is a fixed number of digits?

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Flashcard 4487401311500

Question

By convention, hash values are shown in this format.

Answer

what is hexadecimal?

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Flashcard 4487403670796

Question

situations in which two different inputs (searches) produce the same output (result) are called this.

Answer

what are collisions?

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Flashcard 4487406030092

Question

This property allows for a user to compute the hash value of a file and com- pare it with the hash value of the file as published by a trusted party.

Answer

what is the collision-resistant property of hash functions?

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Flashcard 4487408389388

Question

The collision-resistant property of cryptographic hash func- tions makes them very useful for fast this of large or complex data structures.

Answer

what is equality testing?

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Flashcard 4487410748684

Question

The disadvantage of comparing objects by their hash values is this.

Answer

what is that it requires computing the hash value for each object, which is not instantaneous?

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Flashcard 4487413107980

Question

the fixed cost of computing hash values for every object could be worth- while, if the elements of a set of objects will be this.

Answer

what is compared with each other repeatedly?

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Flashcard 4487415467276

Question

a data structure that allows for fast storage and retrieval of informa- tion on the basis of key-value pairs is this.

Answer

what is a hash table?

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Flashcard 4487417826572

Question

in hash tables, keys are required to be this, but values may be this.

Answer

what is keys are required to be unique but values may be duplicated?

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Flashcard 4487420185868

Question

for hash tables, keys are generally this length, but values may potentially be very this.

Answer

what is short, but values may potentially be very large.?

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Flashcard 4487422545164

Question

With a good choice of hash functions, the split between train- ing and test datasets will be this, like a random split, but easily this, like a naive split.

Answer

what is will be unbiased, like a random split, but easily reproducible, like a naive split?

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Annotation 4487424904460

A hash function is applied to every observation in a dataset (or perhaps some subset of the variables in the dataset, like the primary key). The data can then be split either by selecting cutoff values of the hash value or by ordering the data by the hash values and then dividing the data into contiguous groups.

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Annotation 4487426477324

The insurer’s data scientists could use these Structured Query Lan- guage (SQL) clauses to query auto insurance data: • SELECT • FROM • JOIN • GROUP BY • WHERE • ORDER BY They could then use these aggregate functions to summarize that data: • SUM • COUNT • AVERAGE

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Flashcard 4487428050188

Question

A characteristic in a database that ensures the most effective proce- dure and option are used to respond to queries defines this.

Answer

Optimization

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Flashcard 4487430409484

Question

A pattern that is used by a computer program to match combinations of characters in strings defines this.

Answer

a regular expression

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Flashcard 4487432768780

Question

Practical Extraction and Report Language (Perl) A procedural programming language that is often used for text pro- cessing and analysis

Answer

[default - edit me]

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Flashcard 4487434341644

Question

A Perl regular expression that looks for a match to a character or group of characters to the right in a string.

Answer

Lookahead

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Flashcard 4487436700940

Question

A Perl regular expression that looks for a match to a character or group of characters to the left in a string

Answer

Lookbehind

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Flashcard 4487439322380

Question

A Perl function that can manage strings of data that change slightly from one instance to another.

Answer

Backreference

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Annotation 4487442468108

In response to security breaches involving consumer health and financial data, the NAIC adopted these principles for effective cyber security: a. State regulators are responsible for ensuring that PII is protected and that insurers and producers have systems in place to notify affected parties promptly if a security breach occurs. b. Insurers and producers that collect, store, and transmit confidential information or PII should safeguard it appropri- ately

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Annotation 4487444827404

c. State regulators that collect, store, and transmit confi- dential information or PII about insurers or producers are responsible for safeguarding that information and notifying affected parties promptly in the event of a security breach. d. Cyber security regulations for insurers and producers should be flexible and consistent with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) security standards. e. All insurers and producers that are connected to the inter- net must meet a minimum cyber security standard. f. Regulators should conduct insurer examinations to evaluate cyber security vulnerability. g. An effective cyber security program includes a plan for insurers, producers, and regulators to respond to a cyber security breach. h. Insurers, producers, and regulators should ensure that third parties and service providers have safeguards in place to protect PII. i. Management of cyber security should be part of an insurer’s or producer’s enterprise risk management (ERM) program. j. Information technology audits that identify a cyber security risk should be reviewed with the organization’s board of directors. k. Insurers and producers must keep informed about current and emerging cyber security risks. l. Employee training about cyber security is essential for insur- ers and producers

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Flashcard 4487447186700

Question

information security regulations that are among the most comprehensive and stringent in the U.S. have been issued by this state.

Answer

what is massachussetts?

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Annotation 4487449808140

regulations require every person and organization, both in Massachusetts and elsewhere, that accesses the private personal information of Massachusetts’ citizens to follow these standards: a. Develop and implement a comprehensive written policy of information security procedures b. Comply with Massachusetts standards for issues such as paper document storage, access controls to information, monitoring standards, and training for employees c. Encrypt personal information records communicated over wireless networks or stored on personal devices d. Require outsourced or third-party providers handling per- sonal information to maintain commensurate compliance with the regulations

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Annotation 4487451381004

Regulation and Privacy Issues 5.5 e. Annually review the established security measures to con- firm that they are safeguarding against unauthorized access to personal information

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Flashcard 4487453216012

Question

PCI DSS stands for this

Answer

Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard

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Flashcard 4487455575308

Question

this standard covers processors of debit and credit card

Answer

payment card industry data security standard

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Annotation 4487459245324

Many states have restricted the use of private information through laws and regulations with requirements such as these: a. Prohibiting any public display of SSNs b. Restricting the printing of SSNs on any form of identifica- tion shown to others c. Limiting the providing of SSNs over the internet unless encrypted d. Not requiring SSNs as identifiers for website access unless passwords are required e. Forbidding the sending of documents through the mail with SSNs

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Annotation 4487460818188

Laws can also require certain procedures for government enti- ties, businesses, or sometimes both to appropriately dispose of PII. These laws can refer to physical or electronic personal information and may outline specific disposal means to ulti- mately make them unreadable, undecipherable, or unusable

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Flashcard 4487462391052

Question

These laws can refer to physical or electronic personal information and may outline specific disposal means to ulti- mately make them unreadable, undecipherable, or unusable

Answer

Laws that require certain procedures to appropriately dispose of PII.

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Annotation 4487464750348

Additional privacy laws in various states include these provi- sions, which show the breadth of issues being legislated: a. Adding an internet user’s login and password to the growing list of personal information that can be protected b. Restricting an employer’s right to demand access to an employee’s social media accounts c. Requiring police to acquire a search warrant before tracking a person through cell phone records d. Limiting the use of drones e. Requiring a warrant for email searches

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Annotation 4487468158220

European Parliament and Council Directive 95/46/EC deals with the protection of personal data in both electronic and nonelectronic forms. The directive delineates these data- related regulatory elements: a. The conditions that must be met for data processing to be lawful b. The principles of data quality necessary for lawful data processing c. The rights of individuals whose personal data is being pro- cessed d. The exemptions or restrictions on individuals’ rights with respect to personal data e. The confidentiality and security of data processing f. The legal recourse available to individuals whose rights have been breached g. The transfer of personal data from an EU member to a non-EU member

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Flashcard 4487471303948

Question

In Canada, requirements for the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information by private sector organizations engaged in commercial activi- ties are established by this.

Answer

Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)

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Flashcard 4487475498252

Question

In England, how organiza- tions, businesses, and the government are to use and protect individuals’ personal information is specified by this.

Answer

the Data Protection Act

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Flashcard 4487479168268

Question

In Argentina, the protection of personal information in order to guarantee the right of individuals to their honor and privacy is provided by this.

Answer

the Personal Data Protection Act (Act 25.326)

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Flashcard 4487482838284

Question

IAIS stands for this.

Answer

International Association of Insurance Supervisors

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Annotation 4487488867596

The International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS) is a membership organization of insurance supervisors and regulators. The goal of the IAIS is to promote consistent supervision of the insurance industry globally in order to pro- tect policyholders, help ensure stable insurance markets, and contribute to global financial stability.

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Flashcard 4487492799756

Question

to promote consistent supervision of the insurance industry globally in order to pro- tect policyholders, help ensure stable insurance markets, and contribute to global financial stability is the goal of this association.

Answer

the international association of insurance supervisors.

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Flashcard 4487498042636

Question

IAIS publishes Insurance Core Principles, Standards, Guidance and Assessment Methodol- ogy, which provides a framework for this.

Answer

the global supervision of the insurance industry.

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Flashcard 4487500664076

Question

how insurance supervisors are to exchange information with each other, or with other authorities, as well as confidentiality requirements for information exchange are outlined in one section of this document, produced by the IAIS

Answer

Insurance Core Principles, Standards, Guidance and Assessment Methodology

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Flashcard 4487502236940

Question

In AWS, if you need more than [...]IOPS for your EBS volume, you must use Provisioned IPOPS SSD (API code: io1)

Answer

16000

^^ gp2 (general purpose SSD only supports up to 16000 IOPS), and the HDD/magnetic disk varients are even slower IOPS (Input/Ouputs Per Second)
^^^ Povisioned IOPS SSD is for read/write intensive workloads, like databases

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Flashcard 4487503547660

Question

MMoS stands for this.

Answer

Multilateral Memorandum of Understanding.

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Flashcard 4487507479820

Question

In AWS, the maximum storage space on any given EBS Volume (regardless of Volume type) is [...]

Answer

16T

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Flashcard 4487508004108

Question

An agreement called a Multilateral Memorandum of Understanding (MMoS) is entered into by supervisors who intend to do this.

Answer

share information

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Flashcard 4487510363404

Question

Previously, exchange of data between the EU and the U.S. was covered by this.

Answer

Safe Harbor.

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Flashcard 4487512722700

Question

an agreement that protects the data of people in the EU if their data is exchanged with U.S. entities was called this.

Answer

Safe Harbor.

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Flashcard 4487516654860

Question

In AWS, [...] volumes can be though of as vitual hard disk in the cloud (either HDD/magnetic hard disks or SSD drives)

Answer

EBS

^Elastic Block Storage

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Flashcard 4487517179148

Question

Companies can have their privacy and security standards validated for compliance with this 2006 EU-US agreement.

Answer

Privacy Shield

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Flashcard 4487520324876

Question

In AWS, [...] are point in time copies of EBS volumes that are stored in S3.

Answer

Snapshots

^^ Snapshots are incremental, meaning only the blocks that have changed since your last snapshot are moved to S3.

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Annotation 4487522946316

Privacy Shield, which certifies that specific security standards have been followed. These standards include those related to notice, access, security, choice, transfers of data to third parties, and methods of redress that were part of the previous standards. They also include added regulatory and enforcement require- ments on the part of U.S. agencies and stronger mechanisms for resolving complaints of standards violations.

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Flashcard 4487524781324

Question

In AWS, [...]s are created from Snapshots of EBS Volumes (or directly from an EBS Volume) or are created from an EC2 instance (stopping the instance is recommended to preserve good state), and are then used to create new EC2 instances.

Answer

AMIs

^^ Amazon Machine Images, and there are two types: AMIs from EBS Volumes, and AMIs from Instance Store (AMI templates stored on S3 but not visible in your AWS account)

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Flashcard 4487526878476

Question

In AWS, EBS volumes are always in same [...] [...] as the corresponding EC2 instance the Volume is attached to.

Answer

Availability Zone

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Flashcard 4487528975628

Question

Information, technology, and storage services contractually provided from remote locations, through the internet or another network, without a direct server connection is called this.

Answer

Cloud computing

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Flashcard 4487530024204

Question

In AWS, by default, terminiating an EC2 istance, will do what to its corresponding root device EBS Volume (i.e. where the OS and all programs are stored)

Answer

Delete it

^^ Note that other attached volumes will not be deleted by default (but you can configure both these options differently if you don't want these defaults)

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Flashcard 4487532645644

Question

In AWS, If you have an unencyrpted root device volume for your EC2 (say you did not choose enctyprion when you created it), what are the steps to encrypt it (assuming your instance has no other volumes attached)? (FYI, there are 4 steps)

Answer

1) Take a snapshot of EBS root volume (with instance in stopped state to get good state).
2) Make a encrypted copy of volume snapshot
3) Make an AMI from the encrypted snapshot copy
4) Launch new encrypted EC2 from the encrypted AMI.

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Flashcard 4487535791372

Question

In AWS, there are two types of AMIs that you can create EC2 instances from: AMIs from EBS Volumes (most cases you use this), and AMIs from [...] [...]

Answer

Instance Store

^^ Instance Store AMIs are AMI templates stored on S3 but not visible in your AWS account
^^^ Instance Store AMIs are ephimeral, meaning if you stop the instance (say something is wrong with the underlying host hypervisor and you need a stop/start), the volume is gone!

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Flashcard 4487537888524

Question

In AWS, what is the difference between rebooting and stopping/starting an EC2 instance? Explain it in terms of what happens in each case when dealing with a EBS Volume vs Instance Store volume (i.e. EC2 is created from Instacne Store AMI where you have no visibility to the volume from the AWS console)?

Answer

Rebooting, just reboots the underlying OS, whereas Stop/Start, is done when there is something wrong with the underlying Host hypervisor. Stopping and instance and starting it, could cause the instance to run on another host (i.e. could result in new IP, etc). So in case of EBS Volumes, nothing bad happens (as new instance running on possible new host just gets attached to same EBS volume), but if you have EC2 backed by Instace Store AMI, Stop/Start will kill/delete/wipe the root device volume.

^^ note that when you stop an instance, you don't get charged for compute anymore, but if you are using an EBS backed volume, you do get small storage charges for the EBS volume.

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Flashcard 4487539985676

Question

In AWS, there are two ways to create an EC2 instance, from an AMI made from a EBS Volume, or from AMI from Instance Store. What is the instance store AMI and where is it stored?

Answer

It is an AMI template stored on S3 but you have no visibility to it from your AWS Console (i.e. not like EBS Volumes, where you can see them and change their settings, e.g. size/type, from the EC2 console).

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Annotation 4487546277132

Ecology is the study of the relationships between diﬀerent organisms, and the ‘‘aﬀairs’’ between these organisms and the total ‘‘house- hold’’ of the external environment.

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Flashcard 4487548112140

Question

Ecology would not focus upon just an individual giraﬀe, for example. Rather, it would expand its focus beyond the single giraﬀe organism, to other nearby giraﬀes, other species, and even the entire external environment of the African plain.

Answer

[default - edit me]

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Annotation 4487549422860

Graphs, Tables, and Chart

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Annotation 4487552568588

Ecology is the study of the relationships between diﬀerent organisms

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Parent (intermediate) annotation

Open it
Ecology is the study of the relationships between diﬀerent organisms, and the ‘‘aﬀairs’’ between these organisms and the total ‘‘house- hold’’ of the external environment.

Original toplevel document (pdf)

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Annotation 4487634095372

①全球股市历史显示，长期看股指年化涨幅与名义 GDP 接近，年度涨跌幅会大幅偏离长期均值，就像钟摆经过中心点的时间很短。②美股、港股、台股历史显示，股指年振幅不断收窄，这源于 GDP 增速放缓、机构投资者占比提升。③A 股年振幅从 2010 年前的 82%降至近几年的 42%，但仍高于成熟市场的 20%-32%，长期看有望进一步收窄

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Annotation 4487636978956

Therefore, Biological Order in the external environment beyond the organism reﬂects a healthy or successful pattern of ecological relationships.

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Annotation 4487638551820

sent this Order symbolically by a spider in its web (Figure 1.4, A). Conversely, Biological Disorder beyond the organism reﬂects a breaking of the normal pattern

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Flashcard 4487644581132

Question

In AWS, [...] is the service that allows you to monitor the performance of your resouces (like CPU usage/memory of EC2, ELB metrics, etc) and applications (application logs from Lambda, for example).

Answer

CloudWatch

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Flashcard 4487646678284

Question

In AWS, CloudWatch will monitor events of an EC2 instance (like CPU usage, memory, health check, etc) every [...] [...unit of time...] by default, but you can turn on detailed monitoring (at instance create time or after) and shrik the monitor time interval to every [...] [...unit of time...]

Answer

5 minutes by default, 1 minute for detailed monitoring

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Flashcard 4487648775436

Question

In AWS, you can create CloudWatch [...] which then trigger notifications, for example, when your bill gets too high or an EC2 instance goes over some CPU threshold.

Answer

alarms

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Flashcard 4487650872588

Question

In AWS, CloudWatch is all about performance monitoring (e.g. CPU usage of EC2) while [...] is about auditing (which user made which API call to use which resource and how).

Answer

CloudTrail

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Flashcard 4487652969740

Question

In AWS, if you have an EC2 instances that talks with other AWS resources, like S3 (say using scripts using the AWS SDK), and you have your Access Key and Secret configured in the ~/.aws/credentials file, you can add security by replace this key setup and use [...] instead

Answer

Roles

^^ so in any setup where the credentials are pulled from the ~/.aws/credentials file, you can use Roles instead, but in setups where the configuration is pulled from somewhere else, not controlled by AWS, for example in the case of configuring AWS SES with Postfix email, where the SES access key and id are in the /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd file on your EC2 instance, you cannot switch to using roles.

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Edited, memorised or added to reading queue

on 24-Oct-2019 (Thu)

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Parent (intermediate) annotation